DIAGRAMS AND MAPS

Classification
Diagrams and maps are classified as:
 Visual material
 Non projected aids

Diagrams:
It is the simplified drawing of an object, product, appliance or process to explain finer points of the same.

Types of diagram
1.Affinity diagram :Used to cluster complex apparently unrelated data into natural and meaningful groups.
2.Treediagram: Used to chart out, in increasing detail, the various tasks that must be accomplished to complete a
project or achieve a specific objective.
3.Fishbone diagram: It is also called cause-and-effect diagram. It is a structured form of brainstorming that
graphically shows relationship of possible causes and subcauses directly related to an identified effect/problem.

Important points
1) Make the diagram large enough to be seen simultaneously by the whole class.
2) Make the outline features of diagrams sharp.
3) Include only the essential and relevant parts of diagrams which pertain to topic.
4) Caption and label the diagram boldly.
5) The diagram should be to the scale and proportional.

Maps
A map is a representation of the surface of the earth or some part of it.
 Globe: it is the model of the earth which shows various countries, oceans, prime meridian, longitudes and
latitudes.
 Room planetarium: it is a special type of globe which along with the earth has other spheres representing
the sun and the moon. It helps in explaining phases of the moon, formation of seasons, occurrence of
eclipses etc.
 Flat maps: the earth, containments, countries etc. are shown on flat surfaces and are called flat maps.
 Easy to handle
 Commonly used for classroom instruction of social sciences

Types of flat Map

1. PhysicalMap : these maps show the physical contours of a place, area, region, country etc.
2. Relief Map: Has three dimensional representation and show the actual elevations and depressions in a place,
area region, country etc.
3. Commercial or economic map :Also called product or industrial map since they show land areas in relation to
the economy.
4. Politicalmap :These maps show political divisions of the world, a continent, a nation etc. and the political
boundaries are drawn prominently.
5. Weather maps: These maps show amount of rain, temp extremes humidity and other weather conditions of a
place, area, region, country etc.
6. Population maps: These maps show the distribution of population in various parts of region, country.
7. Picture maps and tourist maps: These maps show the historical spots, scenic spots, monumental sites,
sanctuaries and other spot of tourist’s interest.
8. Road maps: These maps show the roads of a region connecting various parts and points together.
9. Railway maps: Shows the railway links between various points.
10. Air maps: Shows the air routes between various points
11. Sea route maps: Shows the sea routes between various sea ports

Map Language
 Scale: Shows how much of the actual earth’s surface is represented by a given measurement on a map.
 Symbols: Usually a map has a legend that explains what each symbol means.
 Color: different colors of the map are part of the map language.
 Geographic grids: The entire system of this grid lines are called grid lines. These grid lines are called
meridians and parallels.