1 CAPABILITY | |Level

LEVELCOMPLETIONS
WELL Sand2 Control
Capability (if applicable)

EquiFlow® Autonomous
Inflow Control Devices (AICDs)
INCREASE HYDROCARBON RESERVES AND
RATE OF RECOVERY

WHAT MAKES AN ICD

OVERVIEW
Horizontal wellbores provide access to narrow, oil-bearing formations for maximum
TRULY AUTONOMOUS?
contact with pay zones. However, when production causes unwanted water
and/or gas migration to the wellbore, or creates uneven production distribution,
operators turn to Halliburton EquiFlow® autonomous inflow control devices (AICDs).
The EquiFlow AICD helps delay and reduce the flow of unwanted fluids and
stimulates balanced production throughout the entire interval.
EquiFlow AICDs are Type 2* inflow control devices (ICDs) that use innovative dynamic
fluidic diode technology to distinguish the types of fluids flowing through the device
and optimize oil production and recovery. The EquiFlow AICD performs similarly to
a standard ICD during oil production, balancing inflow, yet restricts water and gas
production at breakthrough, dramatically minimizing water and gas cuts. EquiFlow
AICDs use no moving parts and require no downhole orientation. Additionally, the
devices provide injection capability and use the dynamic fluid properties to direct

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flow. All these features enhance long-term functionality and reliability.

Fluid Dynamics Technology An autonomous ICD must have a geometry

Used an engineered system of flow paths and channels to regulate fluid flow and that alters the flow path preferentially
incorporate three individual dynamic components — a viscosity selector, a flow restricting the flow of unwanted fluids.
switch and a flow restrictor — all functioning together to allow or restrict fluid flow
without moving parts.

The viscosity selector uses a system of flow paths, which is based on fluid viscosity, density and velocity. It “identifies” the fluids
flowing through the AICD, then divides the total flow between two open flow paths. Based on the fluid selector’s output, the
flow switch passively directs the majority of the selected fluid down one of the two paths depending on the fluid’s properties.
Finally, the flow restrictor restricts the contributing ratio of unwanted fluid (water and/or gas) entering the wellbore while oil-producing
zones continue production with minimal restriction.

Advanced Completions Modeling Capabilities

Halliburton has embedded EquiFlow® AICD performance into a suite of numerical simulators including NETool™ software, QuikLook®
service, Nexus® software, REVEAL™ software, and DuneFront PackPro software to model near-wellbore performance, evaluate the
entire field, and perform dynamic coupling using other industry reservoir software, as needed.

*In accordance with the Advanced Well Equipment Standards Group (AWES)
Joint Industry Project and API SPEC 19ICD

HA
L7
66
37
 » Bi-stable switch: two stable flow patterns, which can freely
alternate depending on the produced fluids
» Flow pattern has direct path to the exit resulting in low
pressure drop
» Second divergent path induces spinning, thus increasing
LEVELpressure
WELL COMPLETIONS
1 CAPABILITY | |Level
drop and reducing Sand
flow rate 2 Control
Capability (if applicable)
Flow Reduction EquiFlow AICD Range 2 vs Nozzle ICD
®

150.0 150%

140.0 140%

130.0 130%

APPLICATIONS FEATURES
120.0 120%

110.0 110%
100.0 100%
Flow Rate (bpd)

Typical applications include wells experiencing heel-toe effects, water/gas

90.0 90%
» Operates autonomously without

% Flow Rate
80.0 80%

breakthrough, permeability differences, and water or gas challenges in horizontal or requiring intervention

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70.0 70%

60.0 60%

layered reservoirs. The EquiFlow® AICDs haveEquiFlow

50.0

40.0
been installed
AICD Range 2 in stand-alone screen 50%

40%
®
» No moving parts, electronics, dynamic sealing
(SAS) completions, openhole gravel packing (OHGP), through tubing/inner string,
30.0

20.0
30%

20%
surfaces, or connections to the surface
multilateral wells, and sandstone/carbonate formations.
10.0

0.0
Nozzle ICD Flow Rate
Nozzle ICD Flow Rate
EquiFlow AICD
EFFlow
AICDRate
Flow Rate
10%

0%
» Functionality or efficiency unaffected by
100% Oil 20% WC 40% WC 60% WC

The EquiFlow AICD comes in four different designs that address viscosity oil ranges
80% WC 100% Water

Comparison of an EquiFlow AICD to a nozzle ICD at 200 psi pressure differential, 2.8 cP oil, 0.6 cP water
downhole orientation
from very light to very heavy oil. » Ceases flow restriction if unwanted
fluid recedes
Range 3 and Range 4
» Designs available to produce oil and restrict
» Gradual change in restriction of unwanted fluid
» High pressure drop for low viscosity fluids and low pressure either water or gas
an freely drop for high viscosity fluids » Functions as a standard ICD before
» Two possible paths: tangential path to induce rotational
low motion/spinning or multiple radial passages toward a direct exit, water/gas breakthrough
which can freely alternate depending on the produced fluids » Each device functions independently for
easing
precise response to the reservoir
Flow Reduction EquiFlow® AICD Range 3 vs Nozzle ICD
150.0 150%
» Allows injection of reservoir treating fluids
e ICD
150%
140.0

130.0
140%

130%
» Self-regulating and adjustable depending on
140% 120.0

110.0
120%

110%
produced fluids
130%
100.0 100%
Flow Rate (bpd)

120%

BENEFITS
90.0 90%
% Flow Rate

110%
80.0 80%
100%
70.0 70%
90%
% Flow Rate

80%
60.0 60%
» Facilitates accelerated recovery

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50.0 50%
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70%

60%

50%
40.0

30.0
40%

30%
» Maximizes ultimate recovery
40%

30%
EquiFlow® 20.0
AICD Range 2
10.0
Nozzle ICD Flow Rate
EquiFlow AICD
20%

10%
EquiFlow® AICD Range 3
» Helps increase reliability through design
simplicity
Flow Rate
0.0 0%

Range 1 and Range 2

20%

Range 3 and Range 4

D Flow Rate 100% Oil 20% WC 40% WC 60% WC 80% WC 100% Water
low Rate
10%

» Minimizes undesired fluid production

AICD
w Rate Comparison of an EquiFlow AICD to a nozzle ICD at 30 psi pressure differential, 80 cP oil, 0.6 cP water
0%

» Fluidic sensor highly sensitive to fluid » Gradual change in restriction of

6 cP water » Helps reduce costs and risks associated with
properties of very light oils unwanted fluid unwanted fluid production
» On/off switch upon water or gas » High pressure drop for low-viscosity » Delays onset of unwanted water or gas
breakthrough fluids and low pressure drop for high- production
pressure
» Bi-stable switch: two stable flow patterns viscosity fluids
» Flow pattern has direct path to the exit » Two possible paths: tangential path
onal
a direct exit,
» Second divergent path induces spinning, to induce rotational motion/spinning
ced fluids thus increasing pressure drop and or multiple radial passages toward a
reducing flow rate direct exit
e ICD
150%

140%

EquiFlow ® AICD Specialized Designs and Available Sizes

130%

120%

110%

100%

90%
% Flow Rate

80%

Oil Viscosity Fluid Available

Design Oil Type
70%

Range Restriction Sizes** (in.)

60%
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50%

40%

30%

20% Range 1
EquiFlow® AICD Range 3
0.3 to 1.5 cp Very light Gas and water*
2 3/8
Flow Rate
ICD
10%

Range 2 1.5 to 10 cp Light, medium Gas and water

0%

2 7/8
P water

Light, medium, 3 1/2

Range 3 3 to 200 cp Gas and water 4 1/2
heavy
5 1/2
Heavy, 6 5/8
Range 4 150+ cp Gas and water
very heavy
*Water restriction for differential pressure greater than 50 psi
**EquiFlow® AICD designs do not protrude into the basepipe.

For more information, contact your local Halliburton representative

or visit us on the web at www.halliburton.com

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contained in the contract between Halliburton and the customer that is applicable to the sale.

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