Philippine Indigenous Communities Reviewer

Lesson 1
Introduction of Ethnic Groups in the Philippines
 Tagalogs- Largest ethnic groups in the Philippines. Commonly residing on NCR , CALABARZON ,
and MIMAROPA
 Ilocano – Third largest ethnolinguistic group. Residing in Ilocos Region and some parts of Cagayan
valley. Known to be hard working and prudent
 Kapampangan – found in Pampanga and some parts of central Luzon. Dubbed as the “culinary
capital of the Philippines”
 Bicolano – residing in Bicol Region. Calm and very religious. Known for the usage of coconut milk
when cooking
 Aeta (ita) – Oldest ethnic group in the country. Lives in the mountains of Zambales. Uses hunting as
a way of gathering food.
 Igorot- Found in CAR or Cordillera Administrative Region. Known for Banaue rice terraces. Highly
respects anito
 Ivaten – found in Batanes. One of the most famous ethnolinguistic. Kindest when it comes to locals
and tourists.
 Mangyan – Found in Mindoro provinces and are divided into eight groups. They still practice their
old cultures and traditions up to this day. “Ambahan”, form of writing technique that is used for
writing poems in a bamboo.
 Cebuano – one of the major ethnic groups in the Philippines... Creative, soft spoken and calm
 Ilonggo – most notable ethnic group. Resides in Iloilo, Panay, Guimaras and Negros.
 Ati- Very different to Aetas as they speak different languages. Hunting serves as their means for
everyday life. Found in Aklan, Capiz, Antique and Iloilo.
 Badjao- found in Zamboanga, called Sea Nomad or Sea Gypies as they live above water. Because of
this their main source of income were through the sea
 Yakan- living in Basilan. Weaving is their main source of income
 Bagobo- living in Davao, Spaniards failed to colonized them
 Ethnicity or ethnic group – people who share common cultural background or descent. They also
share common sets of tradition,ancestry,language,history,society,culture,nation,religion or social
treatment.
Ethnic Variations
 Primordial Approach- ethnic groups and nationalities exist because there are traditions of belief and
action towards primordial objects such as biological factors and especially territorial location
 Circumstantial - argues that ethnic identity fluctuates according to the situation or conditions
surrounding individuals
 Outsiders- outcasts that develop their own ethnic groups
Importance of Ethnic Groups
 Ethnic self-identification and membership in an ascribed ethnic group are important because they
control, limit, and/or enhance opportunities for well-being in society.
 Ethnic identification and membership have been linked to most aspects of human existence in the
twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
 Race- social construction that refers to characteristics possessed by individuals and groups. The
meaning of race is not fixed; it is related to a particular social, historical, and geographic context.

Stages of Ethnic Identity Development (occurs in adolescents)

 Unexamined- does not consider personal meaning of ethnic identity.
 Moratorium- Exploration of ethnicity
  Achieved – ethnic identity now becomes an important dimension of self-identity
 Pre- encounter- At this point, the adolescent may not be consciously aware of her race and how it
may affect her life.
 Encounter- an encounter that provokes thought about the role of racial identification in his life. This
may be a negative or positive experience related to race. For minority adolescents, this experience is
often a negative one in which they experience racism for the first time.
 Immersion - The adolescent may search for information about racial identity, and will also learn
about racial identity through interaction with peers of the same race.
 Internationalization and Commitment - developed a secure sense of racial identity and is comfortable
socializing both within and outside the racial group he or she identifies with.
FLA_1
 Importance of studying this course
 Definition of indigenous education
 Role of education to indigenous people
 Improvement of indigenous education
FLA_2
 Components and Symbols of Ethnic Identity
 Components
 Birth
 Commitment
 Hope
 Fidelity
 Culture
 Education
 In reaction to anti semantism
 Religion
 Relationship with Israel
 Symbols
 Shabbat Candles
 Auswitchz, , Israel and Jerusalem
 Your Parents
 Woody Allen, Albert Einstein and Marc Chagall
 Hebrew Language
FLA_3
 Major Ethnic Groups in the Philippines
 Reason behind numerous ethnic groups
 Difference of each ethnic groups
 Cultural development and metamorphosis
 Fucking policies
FLA_4
 Indigenous Peoples and the Right to Education: The Dumagat Experience in the Provinces of Nueva
Ecija and Aurora, in the Philippines
FLA_5
 National Policy and Development of Indigenous Peoples rights
