Review of Related Literature

Motor Vehicle Accident

An occurrence involving a motorcyclist and their motorcycle that causes harm, injury, or

damage is referred to as a motorcycle vehicle accident. Road hazards, collisions with other cars,

and single-vehicle occurrences are some of the possible causes of these accidents. A motorcycle

collision can have complicated legal ramifications, including those pertaining to insurance

claims, responsibility, property damage, and, in certain situations, criminal prosecution.

The popularity of motorcycles as a mode of transportation is rising. Nonetheless, a

motorcyclist is nine times more likely to be hurt and 37 times more likely to die in an accident

every vehicle-mile traveled (NHTSA, 2008). Head injuries are frequent, particularly when a

helmet is not worn. Large, excruciating abrasions with embedded debris and numerous fractures

are possible (road rash). Some knowledge of the relevant physics is helpful before examining

injury patterns. According to Newton’s First Law of Motion, a moving item will continue to

move until it is affected by another force. Therefore, unless a tree, another car, the brakes, or

some other factor causes it to slow down, halt, or change course, a moving vehicle will continue

to move forward. When this kind of force is exerted, the occupants of the car or motorcycle will

keep moving in the same direction and at the same speed until they are forced to halt, slow down,

or alter course by anything like the windshield, seat belt, or steering wheel. Even yet, the body’s

organs will keep moving until the bones and other supporting structures within the body slow

down or stop them.

 The organs, the body, and the vehicle are subjected to forces in that order. If the car hits a

stationary object, this sequence happens quickly; it happens considerably less quickly with a

controlled stop. The body and the organs would appear to move toward the spot of contact if this

sequence were watched in slow motion. This is significant since it indicates where to search for

injuries.

Causes

There are several causes on why does the motor vehicle accident occurs. But the most common

cause are the following:

 Driver negligence – Failure to see the condition of the motorcycle

 Over speeding

 Driving under the influence

 Inclement weather

 Road hazards/poor road condition

Signs and Symptoms

 Pain

 Facial grimace

 Swelling, tenderness and pain in shoulder, clavicle,elbow forearm and wrist

 Dizziness

 Numbness

 Headache

 Backpain

 Blurred vision
  Bruising

 Loss of consciousness

 Fatigue

 Nausea

 Chest pain and

 Disorientation

Exam and/or tests

One of the most crucial periods to assess your health is following an automobile accident.

Even though it might not seem like anything is hurt, injuries can only be properly diagnosed by

evaluation and testing. This enables you to fully comprehend the damage incurred during the

crash and to confidently proceed with a treatment plan.

 Clinical chemistry

 Hematology

 Coagulation

Other diagnostic tests are the;

X-ray

- -An X-ray’s main function is to look for fractures or breaks that happened during a

collision. On the other hand, X-ray image can also reveal whether a joint has been

dislocated, whether the spine has had any injuries, or whether the musculoskeletal system

has sustained any other obvious harm.

CT-scan

- It enables medical professionals to examine internal and musculoskeletal systems. The

diagnosis of various auto accident injuries, including internal bleeding, head trauma, torn

ligaments or tendons, nerve damage, and organ damage, might be aided by this kind of

diagnostic imaging scan.

MRI scan

- This test will also reveal soft tissue injuries, brain injuries, spinal cord injuries, organ

damage, and nerve damage, just like a CT scan does. To be exact, this is the finest

diagnostic imaging test to find spinal ailments such herniated discs or damage to the

nerves. Aberrant brain activity can also be shown on an MRI.

Treatment

 Suggested/emphasized the value of following a treatment plan. This will help the current

situation improve more quickly and avoid complications.

 In order to avoid becoming too fatigued, bed rest is essential. After that, walk within

reasonable bounds.

 Encouraged to smear petroleum jelly and Johnson lotion on his dry, cracked skin in order

to stop additional skin damage.

 Advised to have routine check-ups at the closest medical facility or provider for check-up

monitoring.

 Increased consumption of fluids, up to 6–8 glasses daily

Possible Complication/s
 Any injury sustained in an automobile accident that results in permanent damage or a

significant impairment of bodily function is considered serious. The following injuries are

thought to be serious ones that could result from a vehicle collision.

 Traumatic Brain Injuries

 Spinal injury

 Internal injuries
 NURSING CARE PLAN

ASSESSMENT DIAGNOSIS PLANNING IMPLEMENTATION EVALUATION

Subjective Impaired After 1 week 1. Assess for Long Term

conditions that
“masakit kapag physical of nursing contribute to Goal Met
impaired
tatayo o mobility intervention, mobility and After 1 week of
Take note of
makapaglakad related to the patient prescribed nursing
movement
ng walang pain as will be able limitations. interventions,
2. Assess for pain
naka- evidenced by to; and limited -The patient was
range of motion.
alalay,kaya inability to 3. Medicate for able to verbalize
pain
Hindi na ako walk and Long Term: 4. Assess strength a freedom from
and range of
makatayo at move - The patient motion. any pain.
5. Encourage the
makapag cr” will be able patient to do as - The patient
much as they
verbalized by to free from can. was able to
6. Schedule
the patient pain. activities around display
rest periods.
- The patient 7. Promote proper improvement in
nutrition and
Objective: will be able hydration. physical
8. Evaluate the
 Pain to display need for mobility by
multidisciplinary
scale of improvement care transferring
9. Assess
10/10 in physical equipment from one place
needs.
 + facial mobility by 10. Note feelings of to another by the
disinterest or
grimace transferring unwillingness. use of walking.
11. Assess for a lack
 + from one of appropriate
environment or
Swelling place to support.
12. Collaborate with
at the another by physiotherapist
and occupational
right the use of therapist. After 4 days of
13. Coordinate
arm. walking. ongoing support nursing
at discharge.
intervention, the

After 4 days patient was be

of nursing able to;

intervention,

the patient Short Term:

will be able Goals met

to; - The patient

Short was able to

Term: demonstrate and

- The patient classify the

will be able exercises needed

to to improve

demonstrate physical

and classify mobility.

the exercises -The patient was

needed to able to
improve participate in

physical their activities of

mobility. daily life

-The patient (ADLs) and

will be able prescribed

to participate therapies.

in their

activities of

daily life

(ADLs) and

prescribed

therapies.