NAME : AWIL MAALIM ABDULLAI

REG NO : BIT-1-9952-3-2018
UNIT CODE : BBIT 426
UNIT CODE : MATH 110/BBIT 211
UNIT TITLE :LINEAR ALGEBRA

Question 1 (One)
a) Reduce to echelon form and obtain the rank.
1 2 1 
2 3 1 (4 Marks)
 
1 1 2

𝑹𝟐 = 𝑹𝟐 − 𝟐𝑹𝟏
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
𝟎 −𝟐 −𝟏
𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
𝑹 𝟑 = 𝑹𝟑 − 𝑹𝟏
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
𝟎 −𝟐 −𝟏
𝟎 −𝟏 𝟏
𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒕𝒊𝒑𝒍𝒚 𝒓𝒐𝒘 𝟐 𝒃𝒚 𝑹𝟐 = −𝑹𝟐
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
𝟎 𝟏 𝟏
𝟎 −𝟏 𝟏
𝒔𝒖𝒃 𝒓𝒐𝒘 𝟐 𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒕 𝒃𝒚 𝟐 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒓𝒐𝒘
𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏
𝟎 𝟏 𝟏
𝟎 −𝟏 𝟏
𝑹 𝟑 = 𝑹𝟑 + 𝑹𝟐
𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏
𝟎 𝟏 𝟏
𝟎 𝟎 𝟐
𝑹𝟑
𝑹𝟑 =
𝟐
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
𝟎 𝟏 𝟏
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
𝒂𝒅𝒅 𝒓𝒐𝒘 𝟑 𝒕𝒐 𝒓𝒐𝒘 𝟏
Page 1 of 8/ MATH 110/BBIT 211
 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
𝟎 𝟏 𝟎
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
𝒔𝒖𝒃 𝒓𝒐𝒘 𝟑 𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝒓𝒐𝒘 𝟐
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
𝟎 𝟏 𝟎
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
b) Using Cramer’s rule to solve the following systems of linear equations.
x -+2y + 3z = 6
2x + 4y + z = 7
3 x + 2y +9z = 14 (8 Marks)
x1 x2 x3 b
1 2 3 6
2 4 1 7
3 2 9 14

x1 x2 x3
1 2 3
2 4 1
3 2 9
=−20
x1 x2 x3
6 2 3
7 4 1
14 2 9
=−20
x1 x2 x3
1 6 3
2 7 1
3 14 9
=−20
x1 x2 x3
1 2 6
2 4 7

Page 2 of 8/ MATH 110/BBIT 211

 3 2 14
=−20
∆1
𝑥1 = − 20 = 1
∆
∆1
𝑥2 = − 20 = 1
∆
∆1
𝑥3 = − 20 = 1
∆

c) Determine if S={ (1,2,1), (2,9,0),(3,3,4)} spans R3. (4 Marks)

𝟏𝟐𝟑
𝑺 = 𝟐, 𝟗, 𝟑
𝟏𝟎𝟒
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒘𝟏 = 𝟎, 𝟏, 𝟎
𝟎𝟎𝟏
𝟏𝒄𝟏 + 𝟐𝒄𝟐 + 𝟑𝒄𝟑 = 𝟏𝒅𝟏 + 𝟎𝒅𝟐 + 𝟎𝒅𝟑
𝟐𝒄𝟏 + 𝟗𝒄𝟐 + 𝟑𝒄𝟑 = 𝟏𝒅𝟏 + 𝟎𝒅𝟐 + 𝟎𝒅𝟑
𝟏𝒄𝟏 + 𝟎𝒄𝟐 + 𝟒𝒄𝟑 = 𝟎𝒅𝟏 + 𝟎𝒅𝟐 + 𝟏𝒅𝟑
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
𝟐 𝟗 𝟑𝟎 𝟏 𝟎
𝟏 𝟎 𝟒𝟎 𝟎 𝟏
𝒓𝒆𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒆
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎−𝟑𝟔 𝟖 𝟐𝟏
𝟎 𝟏 𝟎 𝟓 −𝟏 −𝟑
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟗 −𝟐 −𝟓
𝟏𝒄𝟏 = −𝟑𝟔𝒅𝟏 + 𝟖𝒅𝟐 + 𝟐𝟏𝒅𝟑
𝟏𝒄𝟐 = 𝟓𝒅𝟏 − 𝒅𝟐 − 𝟑𝒅𝟑
𝟏𝒄𝟑 = 𝟗𝒅𝟏 − 𝟐𝒅𝟐 − 𝟓𝒅𝟑

Question 2 (Two)

Page 3 of 8/ MATH 110/BBIT 211

a) For what values of b are the vectors u= bi-2j +k and v= 2bi+bj-4k perpendicular?(3
Marks)

|𝐴| = 2.45
𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 0.41𝑖 + 0.82𝑗 + 0.14𝑘
𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑥 = 65.91, 𝑦 = 35.26, 𝑧 = 65.91
|𝐵| = 4.58
𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 0.44𝑖 + 0.22𝑗 + 0.87𝑘
𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑥 = 64.12, 𝑦 = 77.4 , 𝑧 = 29.21
𝐴 + 𝐵 = 3𝑖 + 3𝑗 + 5𝑘
𝐴 − 𝐵 = −𝑖 + 𝑗 − 3𝑘
𝐴. 𝐵 = 8
𝐶 = 𝐴 ∗ 𝐵 = 7𝑖 − 2𝑗 − 3𝑘
|𝐶 | = 7.87
𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑡𝑤 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠 = 44.55

b) Calculate the vector projection u = (2, 3, 5) onto the line through v = (1, - 2, 4).
(3 Marks

𝑣̅ = √12 + 23 + 42 = √21
28 4 8 16
= {1; 2; 4} = { ; ; }
21 3 3 3
28 4√21
=
√21 3

c) Solve the following equations by Gauss-Jordan Elimination method

y +z = 2
2x+3z = 5
x +y+ z = 3 (8 Marks)

0 1 1𝟐
2 0 3𝟓
1 1 1𝟑

𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑠 𝑅1 → 𝑅2

Page 4 of 8/ MATH 110/BBIT 211

 2 0 3𝟓
0 1 1𝟐
1 1 1𝟑

𝑅1 ÷ 2
1 0 1.5𝟐. 𝟓
0 1 1 𝟐
1 1 1 𝟑

𝑅3 − 𝑅1

1 0 1.5𝟐. 𝟓
0 1 1 𝟐
0 1 0.5𝟎. 𝟓

𝑅3 − 𝑅2

1 0 1.5 𝟐. 𝟓
0 1 1 𝟐
0 1 0.5−𝟎. 𝟓

𝑅3 ∗ −0.6667

1 0 1.5𝟐. 𝟓
0 1 1 𝟐
0 1 0.5 𝟏

𝑅2 − 𝑅3

1 0 0𝟏
0 1 0𝟏
0 0 1𝟏
𝑋=1
𝒀=𝟏
𝒁=𝟏

Page 5 of 8/ MATH 110/BBIT 211

d) If a=2 i - 5j+ 3k, b= 4i + 6j – 3k, c = -2i +3j -4k and d= 2i +2j +4k
Find
i. Normalize the vector b
𝑋=4
𝑌=6
𝑍 = −3
𝑋: 0.5121
𝑌: 0.7682
𝑍 = −0.3841
ii. a+b+c

⃗⃗ = (2,5,3)2 + (4,6, −3)2 (2,2,4)2

𝑀
= 38 + 61 + 29 + 24
= √152
= 12.53
iii. The angle between a and d (7 Marks)

|𝑎| = √22 + 52 + 32 = √38

|𝑑 | = √22 + 22 + 42 = √24
26 13√57
𝑐𝑜𝑠 = =
√38 . 2√6 114

= 0.8609
Question 3 (Three)
a) Find the rank of the following Matrix. (4 Marks)
1 2 1
B = 2 3 1
1 1 0

A1 A2 A3
1 2 1

Page 6 of 8/ MATH 110/BBIT 211

 2 3 1
1 1 0

A1 A2 A3
1 2 2
0 −1 −1
0 −1 −1

A1 A2 A3
1 2 1
0 −1 −1
0 −1 1

A1 A2 A3
1 2 1
2 3 1
1 1 0

A1 A2 A3
1 2 1
0 −1 −1
0 0 0
𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝑖𝑠 2

b) Find the inverse of the following matrix using row reduction method.
1 − 1 2 
A= 2 0 3 
0 1 − 1

(7 Marks)
1 2 1
𝐴=2 3 1
1 1 0
𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦 1 𝑟𝑜𝑤 𝑏𝑦 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝑖𝑡 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 2 𝑟𝑜𝑤

Page 7 of 8/ MATH 110/BBIT 211

 1 2 1
0 −2 −1
0 −1 −1
𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 2 𝑟𝑜𝑤 𝑏𝑦 − 1
1 2 1
0 −1 1
0 −1 −1
𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦 2𝑟𝑜𝑤 𝑏𝑦 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑑𝑑 𝑖𝑡 𝑡𝑜 3𝑟𝑜𝑤
1 2 1
0 1 1
0 0 0
(𝐴 ) = 2
c) Solve the following system of linear equations
2x -y +z = 3
2y -z =1
-x +y = 1 (7
Marks)
2 −1 1 𝟑
0 2 −1 𝟏
1 1 0𝟏

2 −1 1
𝐷 = 0 2 −1 = 1
1 1 0
3 −1 1
𝐷𝑥 = 1 2 −1 = 3
1 1 0
𝑫𝒙 𝟑
𝒙= = =𝟑
𝑫 𝟏

2 3 1
𝐷𝑦 = 0 1 −1 = −2
1 1 0
𝐷𝑦 −2
𝑦= = = −2
𝐷 1
2 −1 3
𝐷𝑧 = 0 2 1 = −5
1 1 1
𝐷𝑧 −5
𝑦= = = −5
𝐷 1

Page 8 of 8/ MATH 110/BBIT 211