ChE 312 – Chemical

Engineering
Thermodynamics
I. COURSE INFORMATION
Course Code: ChE 312
Course Title: Chemical Engineering Course Description
Thermodynamics
Type: Lecture
 This course deals with the applications of
the laws of thermodynamics to closed
Pre-requisites: Chemical Engineering
Calculations (ChE 211)
and open systems involving physical and
chemical transformations of ideal and
Physical Chemistry for Engineers 1
(ChE 222)
real fluids. Thermodynamic analysis of
power and refrigeration cycles are also
included.
 Quality Policy
II. COLLEGE INFORMATION
DEBESMSCAT commits to sustain excellent service delivery
Vision in instruction, research, extension, and production by
adhering to quality standards and compliance with legal
A globally competitive university in requirements for optimum clientele satisfaction.
agricultural and technological
innovations for socio-economic
transformation Core Values
Mission DEBESMSCAT 6 C’S
• To provide quality, accessible, Care
data-driven, and international
state education; Client-Focus
• To produce academically- Commitment
prepared, skills-equipped, values-
laden, and leadership honed Communication
graduates that are lifelong
learners; Collaboration
• To sustain partnership with sectoral
local and international institutions Continual Improvement
for academic, research,
production, and community-based
endeavors.

College of Engineering Goals
1. Provide transformational engineering
education that produce graduates who
drive change throughout their lives
2. Inculcate the value of exercising ethical
and social obligation as engineering
professionals
3. Nurture the broad foundation of relevant
scientific and basic engineering knowledge
for ecosystem innovation
4. Generate researches via multi-disciplinary
engineering approach in solving technical
and societal challenges
5. Establish linkages to industry, community
and academe to disseminate original
knowledge and creation of new economic
opportunities among clienteles
6. Develop entrepreneurial and design
thinking skills for transformation of community
needs and opportunities into systems,
products and solutions.
Bachelor of Science in Chemical Engineering
Program Educational Objectives (PEOs)
After 3-5 years, the graduates of the BSChE program
shall:
1. Perform supervisory work in planning,
implementing, and monitoring Chemical
Engineering projects and programs;
2. Pursue advanced studies in Chemical Engineering
and allied fields;
3. Create design and conduct experiments in-line
with Chemical Engineering studies and practices
to pursue Professional Chemical Engineering
profession;
4. Lead the community providing Chemical
Engineering solutions for economic,
environmental, and societal development; and
5. Manage and/own Chemical Engineering and
related enterprises that provide products and
solutions.
III. PROGRAM
INFORMATION
Name of the Program: Bachelor of
Science in Chemical Engineering

CHED CMO References: CHED

Memorandum Order No. 91, series
2017

BOT Approval: Resolution No. 19-25

series of 2019 Enhancement of
Curricular Content Resolution No. 2, s.
1995
IV. CURRRICULUM
ALIGNMENT
PROGRAM OUTCOMES
PO1 Apply knowledge of
mathematics and science to solve
complex chemical engineering
problems;
PO2 Design a system, component, or
process to meet desired needs within
realistic constraints, in accordance
with standards;
PO3 Identify, formulate, and solve
complex chemical engineering
problems
PO4 Use techniques, skills, and modern
engineering tools necessary for
chemical engineering practice;
COURSE OUTCOMES
CO1 - Apply the laws of thermodynamics to open
and closed systems.
CO2 - Solve problems involving thermodynamic
properties of pure substances.
CO3 - Solve problems involving thermodynamic
properties of pure substances.
CO4 - Integrate the use of phase diagrams and
thermodynamic tables as a tool in problem
solving.
CO5 - Perform thermodynamic analysis of power,
refrigeration and liquefaction processes.
V. COURSE CONTENT

 Basic Concepts: Thermodynamic Properties and Quantities; State and Path

Functions
 Volumetric Properties of Pure Substances: PVT behavior of ideal and real
substances; Phase Diagrams; Thermodynamics Tables
 First Law of Thermodynamics: Closed System/Isolated System; Open System First
Law of Thermodynamics; Closed System/Isolated System; Open System
 Heat Effects: Latent Heat; Sensible Heat; Heat of Formation; Heat of Reaction;
Heat effects involving industrial reactions
 Second Law of Thermodynamics: Entropy and Entropy Balances; Ideal Heat
Engines/Refrigerators; Entropy Balance of Flow Processes
 Production of Power from Heat: Steam Power Plant, Internal-Combustion Engines
 Refrigeration and Liquefaction: The Vapor-Compression Cycle; Absorption
Refrigeration; Liquefaction Cycle
Basic Concepts
Thermodynamic Properties and Quantities; State and Path Functions
1.1 Scope of Thermodynamics

 The application of thermodynamics to any real problem

starts with the identification of a particular body of
matter as the focus of attention. This body of matter is
called the system, and its thermodynamic state is
defined by a few measurable macroscopic properties.
These depend on the fundamental dimensions of
science, of which length, time, mass, temperature, and
amount of substance are of interest here.
1.2 Dimensions and Units

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1.3 Measures or Amount of Size

 Three measures of amount or size are in common use:

 Total volume, representing the size of a system, is a defined quantity given
as the product of three lengths. It may be divided by the mass or number of
moles of the system to yield specific or molar volume:
 Specific or molar density is defined as the reciprocal of specific or molar
volume:
 These quantities (V and p) are independent of the size of a system, and are
examples of intensive thermodynamic variables. They are functions of the
temperature, pressure, and composition of a system, additional quantities
that are independent of system size.
1.4 Force

 The SI unit of force is the newton, symbol N, derived from Newton's

second law, which expresses force F as the product of mass m and
acceleration a:

 The newton is defined as the force which when applied to a mass of 1 kg

produces an acceleration of 1 m/s^2;thus the newton is a derived unit
representing 1 kg m/s^2.
 In the metric engineering system of units, force is treated as an additional
independent dimension along with length, time, and mass. The kilogram
force (kgf) is defined as that force which accelerates 1 kilogram mass
9.80665 meters per second per second. Newton's law must here include a
dimensional proportionality constant if it is to be reconciled with this
definition. Thus, we write
 The kilogram force is equivalent to 9.80665 N.
 Since force and mass are different concepts, a kilogram force and a
kilogram mass are different quantities, and their units do not cancel one
another. When an equation contains both units, kgf and kg, the
dimensional constant g, must also appear in the equation to make it
dimensionally correct.
 Weight properly refers to the force of gravity on a body, and is therefore
correctly expressed in newtons or in kilograms force. Unfortunately,
standards of mass are often called "weights", and the use of a balance to
compare masses is called "weighing". Thus, one must discern from the
context whether force or mass is meant when the word "weight" is used in a
casual or informal way.
1.5 Temperature
1.6 Pressure

 The pressure P exerted by a fluid on a surface is defined as the

normal force exerted by the fluid per unit area of the surface.

1.7 Work

 Work W is performed whenever a force acts through a distance. By

definition, the quantity of work is given by the equation:

 where F is the component of force acting along the line of the

displacement dl. When integrated, this equation yields the work of a
finite process. By convention, work is regarded as positive when the
displacement is in the same direction as the applied force and
negative when they are in opposite directions.
 The work which accompanies a change in volume of a fluid is often
encountered in thermodynamics. A common example is the compression
or expansion of a fluid in a cylinder resulting from the movement of a
piston. The force exerted by the piston on the fluid is equal to the product
of the piston area and the pressure of the fluid. The displacement of the
piston is equal to the total volume change of the fluid divided by the area
of the piston. Equation (1.1) therefore becomes:
 The minus signs in these equations are made necessary by the
sign convention adopted for work. When the piston moves
into the cylinder so as to compress the fluid, the applied force
and its displacement are in the same direction; the work is
therefore positive. The minus sign is required because the
volume change is negative. For an expansion process, the
applied force and its displacement are in opposite directions.
The volume change in this case is positive, and the minus sign
is required to make the work negative.
1.8 Energy

 Kinetic Energy
 Potential Energy
 Energy Conservation
1.9 Heat

 Heat (Q) always flows from a higher temperature to a

lower one. This leads to the concept of temperature as
the driving force for the transfer of energy as heat. More
precisely, the rate of heat transfer from one body to
another is proportional to the temperature difference
between the two bodies; when there is no temperature
difference, there is no net transfer of heat. In the
thermodynamic sense, heat is never regarded as being
stored within a body. Like work, it exists only as energy in
transit from one body to another, or between a system
and its surroundings. When energy in the form of heat is
added to a body, it is stored not as heat but as kinetic
and potential energy of the atoms and molecules
making up the body.
PROBLEMS