 EXPERIMENT N0 : 2

 TITLE : Control The Speed Of Dc Motor Using Field Current Control method.
 OBJECTIVE :
1. How to control the speed of diferent types of dc motor ( shunt,series).
2. To draw the field current vs speed characteristics.
 THEORY:
The speed of the DC shunt motor is given by:
E = kфN
Or,V-IaRa=kфN
Or,N = V-IaRa/kф
Hence, the speed of the DC shunt motor depends upon:
1.Field Flux (ф)
2.Armature resistance (Ra)
3.Terminal voltage (V)
Field control method
• Due to the field winding, the magnetic flux varies in order to vary the speed of the
motor.
• As the magnetic flux depends on the current flowing through the field winding, it
changes by varying the current through the field winding.
• This can achieve using a variable resistor in a series with the field winding resistor.
• Initially, when the variable resistor keeps at its minimum position, the rated current
flows through the field winding due to a rated supply voltage, and as a result, the
speed is kept normal.
• When the increases gradually, the current through the field winding decreases.
• This in turn decreases the flux produced. Thus, the speed of the motor increases
beyond its base value.
 Speed Control Of Dc Motors by Flux Control Method:
A) Shunt Motor:
 It is already explained above that the speed of a dc motor is inversely proportional to
the flux per pole. Thus by decreasing the flux, speed can be increased and vice versa.
To control the flux, a rheostat is added in series with the field winding, as shown in
the circuit diagram. Adding more resistance in series with the field winding will
increase the speed as it decreases the flux. In shunt motors, as field current is
relatively very small, Ish2R loss is small. Therefore, this method is quite efficient.
Though speed can be increased above the rated value by reducing flux with this
method, it puts a limit to maximum speed as weakening of field flux beyond a limit
will adversely affect the commutation.
B) Series Motor :
 Field diverter: A variable resistance is connected parallel to the series field as shown
in fig (a). This variable resistor is called as a diverter, as the desired amount of current
can be diverted through this resistor and, hence, current through field coil can be
decreased. Thus, flux can be decreased to the desired amount and speed can be
increased.
 Armature diverter: Diverter is connected across the armature as shown in fig (b).
For a given constant load torque, if armature current is reduced then the flux must
increase, as Ta ∝ ØIa
This will result in an increase in current taken from the supply and hence flux Ø will
increase and subsequently speed of the motor will decrease.

 Tapped field control: As shown in fig (c) field coil is tapped dividing number of turns.
Thus we can select different value of Ø by selecting different number of turns.
 Paralleling field coils: In this method, several speeds can be obtained by regrouping
coils as shown in fig (d)
 RESULT:
Rated speed of Dc shunt Motor is 1300 rpm.
Eb (volt) Vin (volt) If (amp) Ia (amp) Speed in rpm
150 150 0.21 0.32 1300
150 150 0.20 0.32 1310
150 150 0.19 0.32 1350
150 150 0.18 0.32 1360
150 150 0.17 0.32 1410
150 150 0.16 0.32 1415
150 150 0.15 0.32 1480

 SPEED VS ARMATURE CURRENT CHARACTERSTICS :

 APPARATUS TABLE :
NO APPARATUS TYPE RANGE MAKERS NAME &
NAME SL NO
1 Ammeter PMMC 0-1 amp MECO-V A/68018
2 Voltmeter PMMC 0-2.4/4.8 AUTOMATIC ELECTRIC
6/80/8518./9
3 Rheostat Wire Wound 2kohm/0.5A MECO-V A/67927
4 Tachometer Analog 0-400/2000/10000 rpm H1826
5 Motor Dc Shunt 1HP,220V DC ,1300 rpm 1305951

 REMARKS :
To start with, the whole armature control resistance in the circuit. While
reducing the field resistance, must control the high speed the motor.