21

Alternating Current (AC)

TOPIC 1 We know that, rms current in the L-C-R Therefore, the angular frequencies of
AC-Circuits and Power series circuit,
I
the source at which power transferred
I rms = 0 to the circuit is half the power at the
in AC-Circuits 2 resonant angular frequency are
10 2 ω = ω r ± ∆ω …(i)
01 An inductor of inductance L, a ⇒ I rms = [from Eq. (i)]
2 We know that,
capacitor of capacitance C and a ∆ω =
R
⇒ ∆ω =
40
⇒ ∆ω = 4
⇒ I rms = 10 A
resistor of resistance R are 2L 2 (5)
∴ Vrms = VR2 + (VL − VC ) 2
connected in series to an AC Using the Eq. (i), we get
source of potential difference V ⇒ Vrms = (40) 2 + (40 − 10) 2 ω = ω r ± ∆ω
volts as shown in figure. ⇒ Vrms = 50 V ω = (50 ± 4) rad/s
The impedance of the L-C-R series So, the angular frequency is likely to be
circuit, 46 rad/s and 54 rad/s.
V 50 V
Z = rms ⇒ Z = or Z = 5 Ω
40 V 10 V 40 V I rms 10 A 03 A series L-C-R circuit is connected
to an AC voltage source. When L is
02 A series L-C-R circuit containing removed from the circuit, the
V
5.0 H inductor, 80 µF capacitor phase difference between current
and 40 Ω resistor is connected to π
Potential difference across L, C and voltage is . If instead C is
and R is 40 V, 10 V and 40 V, 230 V variable frequency AC source. 3
respectively. The amplitude of The angular frequencies of the removed from the circuit, the
π
current flowing through L-C-R source at which power transferred phase difference is again
to the circuit is half the power at 3
series circuit is 10 2 A. The
the resonant angular frequency between current and voltage. The
impedance of the circuit is
[NEET 2021] are likely to be [NEET 2021] power factor of the circuit is
[NEET (Sep.) 2020]
(a) 4 2 Ω (b) 5 2 Ω (a) 25 rad/s and 75 rad/s
(a) 0.5 (b) 1.0
(c) 4 Ω (d) 5 Ω (b) 50 rad/s and 25 rad/s
(c) 46 rad/s and 54 rad/s (c) −10
. (d) zero
Ans. (d)
(d) 42 rad/s and 58 rad/s Ans. (b)
The given circuit diagram as shown
Ans. (c) For L-C-R circuit, phase difference,
below
 X − XC 
Given, in the L-C-R series circuit,L = 5 H φ = tan−1  L 
,  R 
L C R
C = 80 µF, R = 40 Ω When L is removed, then XL = 0
40 V 10 V 40 V  −X 
Supply voltage, V = 230 V ∴ φ = tan−1  C 
We know that, resonance frequency,  R 
1 X 
ωr = ⇒ tanφ =  C
…(i)
V LC R
Given, Substituting the values in the above When C is removed, then XC = 0
VL = 40 V, VC = 10 V and VR = 40 V equation, we get X 
The amplitude of the current flowing in 1 ∴ φ = tan−1  L 
ωr = = 50 rad/s  R
the L-C-R series circuit, 5 × 80 × 10 −6 XL
I 0 = 10 2 A …(i) ⇒ tanφ = …(ii)
R
 From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get E
L R R
XL = XC
+
∴ Impedance, Z = R 2 + (XL − XC ) 2 ε –
(d) t
R L C
=R
R R
Power factor, cosφ = = = 1
Z R Ans. (b) (a) 2 mA (b) 0.2 A
Hence, correct option is (b). The emf generated due to a rotating (c) 2 A (d) 0 A
conductor in a generator is given by Ans. (*)
04 A 40 µF capacitor is connected to dφ No option is matching.
E=− B
a 200 V, 50 Hz AC supply. The rms dt Thinking Process Just after switch is
value of the current in the circuit where, φB = magnetic flux linked with
closed, inductor acts like an open
is, nearly [NEET (Sep.) 2020] switch (open path) and capacitor acts
conductor like a closed switch (closed path)
(a) 2.05 A (b) 2.5 A From the above equation we can because in D.C. circuit inductive
(c) 25.1 A (d) 1.7 A conclude that the emf generated is a resistance becomes zero.
Ans. (b) varying function of time with opposite Just after switch is closed, given circuit
polarity. So, all the graph are correct for
Given, C = 40 µF = 40 × 10 −6 F is equivalent to the circuit shown
the given variations. below.
Vrms = 200 V
ν = 50 Hz 06 A circuit when connected to an AC R
1
As, XC = source of 12 V gives a current of +
2πνC – R
0.2 A. The same circuit when R
1
= connected to a DC source of 12 V,
2 π × 50 × 40 × 10 −6
gives a current of 0.4 A. The
10 6 250
= = Ω circuit is [NEET (Odisha) 2019]
100 π × 40 π
(a) series LR (b) series RC ⇒ +
Vrms 200 R R
∴ I rms = = = 2.5A (c) series LC (d) series LCR –
XC  250 
  Ans. (a)
 π 
When the circuit is connected to AC
Hence, correct option is (b).
source, So, equivalent resistor
Voltage, V = 12 V R 9
= = ohms
05 The variation of EMF with time for
Current, I = 0.2 A 2 2
four types of generators are
⇒Impedance Z = =
V 12
= 60 Ω Battery emf, V = 18 volts
shown in the figures. Which V 18 × 2
I 0.2 ∴ Current in circuit = = =4A
amongst them can be called AC? R 9
[NEET (Odisha) 2019]
When it is connected to DC source,
Voltage, V = 12 V
E Current, I = 0.4 A 08 In an electromagnetic wave in free
V 12 space the root mean square value
⇒Resistance, R = = = 30 Ω
I 0.4 of the electric field is E rms = 6 V/m.
(a) t
As in case of DC supply, the capacitor The peak value of the magnetic
act as an open circuit and no current field is [NEET 2017]
flows through the circuit. So the given (a) 1.41 × 10 −8 T (b) 2.83 × 10 −8 T
circuit will not have capacitor in series
E (c) 0.70 × 10 −8 T (d) 4.23 × 10 −8 T
combination. Therefore the circuit
should be a series L-R circuit. Ans. (b)
(b) t Given, root mean square value of
07 Figure shows a circuit that electric field,
contains three identical resistors E rms = 6 V /m
with resistance R = 9.0 Ω each, two We know that, peak value of electric field,
E identical inductors with E 0 = 2 E rms
inductance L = 2 .0 mH each, and ⇒ E 0 = 2 × 6 V /m
an ideal battery with emf ε = 18 V. E
(c) t Also, we know that, c = 0
The current i through the battery B0
just after the switch closed is where, c = speed of light in vacuum
[NEET 2017]
B 0 = peak value of magnetic field
 E0 2 ×6 11 Which of the following Peak value of the current,
⇒ B0 = ⇒ B0 =
c 3 × 10 8 combinations should be selected V 220 2
I max = max = = 2.2 A
8.48 for better tuning of an L-C-R Z 100 2
⇒ B0 = × 10 −8
3 circuit used for communication? 14 A resistance ‘R’ draws power ‘P’
⇒ B 0 = 2.83 × 10 −8 T [NEET 2016] when connected to an AC source. If
(a) R = 20 Ω, L = 15
. H,C = 35 µF an inductance is now placed in
09 A small signal voltageV (t) = V0 sinωt (b) R = 25 Ω, L = 2.5 H, C = 45 µF series with the resistance, such
is applied across an ideal (c) R = 15Ω, L = 35. H, C = 30 µF that the impedance of the circuit
capacitor C [NEET 2016] (d) R = 25 Ω, L = 15
. H, C = 45 µF becomes ‘Z’ the power drawn will
(a) over a full cycle the capacitor C Ans. (c) be [CBSE AIPMT 2015]
does not consume any energy 2
(a) P  
Key Idea For better tuning, peak of R R
from the voltage source (b) P
current growth must be sharp. This is  Z Z
(b) current I(t) is in phase with voltage ensured by a high value of quality factor Q.
(c) P  
R
V(t) 1 L (d) P
Now, quality factor is given by Q =  Z
(c) current I(t) Ieads voltage V(t) by 180° R C
(d) current I(t), lags voltage V(t) by 90° Ans. (a)
From the given options, highest value
Ans. (a) of Q is associated with R = 15 Ω, When a resistor is connected to an AC
source. The power drawn will be
For an AC circuit containing capacitor L = 3.5H and C = 30 µF V
only, the phase difference between P = Vrms ⋅ I rms = Vrms ⋅ rms ⇒ Vrms
2
= PR
π R
current and voltage will be (i.e. 90°). 12 The potential differences across
2 the resistance, capacitance and When an inductor is connected in series
In this case current is ahead of voltage inductance are 80 V, 40 V and 100 V with the resistor, then the power drawn
π respectively in an L-C-R circuit. will be
by .
2 The power factor of this circuit is P ′ = Vrms ⋅ I rms cosφ
Hence, power in this case is given by [NEET 2016]
where, φ = phase difference
P = VI cos φ (a) 0.4 (b) 0.5 V2 R2 R
(φ = phase difference between voltage (c) 0.8 (d) 1.0 ∴ P ′ = rms ⋅ 2 = P ⋅ R ⋅ 2
R Z Z
and current) Ans. (c) 2
P⋅ R2
= P  
R
P = VI cos90 ° = 0 Power factor of the L-C-R circuit ⇒ P′ =
Z2 Z
R
10 An inductor 20 mH, a capacitor = cosφ =
Z 15 A series R-C circuit is connected
50 µF and a resistor 40Ω are IR 80 to an alternating voltage source.
= =
connected in series across a IZ I (XL − XC ) 2 + R 2 Consider two situations :
source of emf V = 10 sin340 t. The 80 [CBSE AIPMT 2015]
power loss in AC circuit is =
(IXL − IXC ) + (IR)
2 2 1. When capacitor is air filled.
[NEET 2016]
80 2. When capacitor is mica filled.
(a) 0.67 W (b) 0.76 W =
(c) 0.89 W (d) 0.51 W (100 − 40) 2 + (80) 2 Current through resistor is i and
80 80 voltage across capacitor is V then
Ans. (d) = = = 0.8 (a) Va < Vb (b) Va > Vb
(60) 2 + (80) 2 100
Given, (c) i a > i b (d) Va = Vb
Inductance L = 20 mH Ans. (b)
Capacitance,C = 50 µF 13 A 100 Ω resistance and a capacitor
of 100 Ω reactance are connected Net reactive capacitance,
Resistance, R = 40 Ω C
in series across a 220 V source. R
emf, V = 10 sin 340 t When the capacitor is 50% charged,
Q Power loss in AC circuit will be given as the peak value of the displacement
2

Pav = I V2 R =  V  . R current is
E [NEET 2016]
 Z  (a) 2.2 A (b) 11 A V=V0 sin ωt
2
 10  1 (c) 4.4 A (d) 11 2 A
=   . 40 1
 2  340 × 20 × 10 3 − 1 
2
Ans. (a) XC =
402 +   2πfC
−6
 340 × 50 × 10  Impedence of the R-C circuit, V
So, current in circuit, I =
100 1 Z = R 2 + XC2 Z
= × 40 × V
2 1600 + (6.8 − 58.8) 2 where, R = 100 Ω and XC = 100 Ω =
2
2000 ⇒ τ = (100) + (100) = 100 2 Ω
2 2  1 
= ≈ 0.46W ≈ 0.51 W R +
2

1600 + 2704  2πfC 
 2 πfC Ans. (c) Ans. (a)
⇒I= ×V
4 π 2f 2C 2 R 2 + 1 As we know that phase difference forL, As we know that
C, R series circuit is given by X ωL 3
Voltage drop across capacitor, X − XC tanφ = L = ⇒ tan φ =
tanφ = L R R 3
VC = I × XC R
2 πfC 1 π X ∴ tan φ = 1 ⇒ φ = 45°
= × When L is removed tan = C π
4 π 2 f 2 C 2 R 2 + 1 2 πfC 3 R So, phase difference = rad
X 4
V 3= C
i.e.VC = R 20 In the given circuit, the reading of
4 π 2f 2C 2 R 2 + 1 ⇒ XC = R 3 voltmeter V1 and V2 are 300 V
When mica is introduced, capacitance π X each. The reading to the voltmeter
will increase hence, voltage across When C is removed, tan = 3 = L
3 R V3 and ammeter A are respectively
capacitor get decrease.
⇒ XL = R 3 [CBSE AIPMT 2010]
16 A coil of self-inductance L is Hence, in resonant circuit L C R = 100 Ω
3R − 3R
connected in series with a bulb B tanφ = =0
and an AC source. Brightness of R
V1 V2 V3
So, φ=0
the bulb decreases when A
[NEET 2013]
Power factor, cosφ = 1
(a) frequency of the AC source is It is the condition of resonance,
therefore, phase difference between 220 V, 50 Hz
decreased
voltage and current is zero and power
(b) number of turns in the coil is factor, cosφ = 1. (a) 150 V, 2.2 A (b) 220 V, 2.2 A
reduced (c) 220 V, 2.0 A (d) 100 V, 2.0 A
(c) a capacitance of reactance 18 In an AC circuit an alternating Ans. (b)
X C = X L is included in the same
voltage e = 200 2 sin 100 t volt is For series LCR circuit
circuit
connected to a capacitor of capacity Voltage V = VR2 + (VL − VC ) 2
(d) an iron rod is inserted in the coil
1µF. The rms value of the current in
Ans. (d) Since, VL = VC
the circuit is [CBSE AIPMT 2011]
Hence V = VR = 220 V
When a bulb of resistance R is
(a) 100 mA (b) 200 mA V 220
connected in series with a coil of Also, current i = = = 2.2 A
(c) 20 mA (d) 10 mA R 100
self-inductanceL, then current in the
circuit is given by Ans. (c) 21 Power dissipated in an L-C-R series
E Problem Solving Strategy Compare circuit connected to an AC source
I= , where E is the
ω2 L2 + R 2 the given equation with the equation of
of emf ε is 2 [CBSE AIPMT 2009]
voltage of an AC source
alternating voltage i.e. ε R
e = e m sinωt (a)
µ 0µ r N A 2  2  1  
2

As L= where, e m = e rms R +  Lω −  

Cω 
l Given, 
⇒ L ∝µ r emf, e = 200 2 sin 100 t 2
When iron rod is inserted,L increases,  1 
and C = 1µF = 1 × 10 −6 F ε 2 R 2 +  Lω − 
therefore currentI decreases.  Cω 
As e rms = 200V and ω = 100 (b)
1 1 R
17 In an electrical circuit, R, L, C and ∴ XC = = = 10 4 Ω
ωC 1 × 10 −6 × 100  2  1  
2

ε  R +  Lω −
2
 
an AC voltage source are all  Cω  
(c) 
e rms
i rms =
connected in series. When L is XC R
removed from the circuit, the
200 ε2 R
phase difference between the = = 2 × 10 −2 A = 20 mA (d)
10 4 2
voltage and the current in the  1 
R 2 +  Lω − 
circuit is π/3. If instead, C is  Cω 
19 An AC voltage is applied to a
removed from the circuit, the resistance R and an inductor L in Ans. (a)
phase difference is again π/3. The series. If R and the inductive Power dissipated in series LCR.
power factor of the circuit is reactance are both equal to 3 Ω, P = I rms
2
R
(a) 1/2 the phase difference between the ε2rms R ε2 R
[CBSE AIPMT 2012] = =
(b) 1/ 2 applied voltage and the current in |Z | 2
 2  1  
2

the circuit is  R +  ωL −  
(c) 1
[CBSE AIPMT 2011]
  ωC  
(a) π/4 (b) π/2 Vrms
(d) 3/2 As I rms =
(c) zero (d) π/6 Z
22 What is the value of inductance L 24 In a circuit, L, C and R are 1
i.e. = ωL
for which the current is maximum ωC
connected in series with an
in a series LCR circuit with Total impedance of the circuit
alternating voltage source of
C = 10µF and ω = 1000 s −1 ? frequency f. The current leads the Z = R 2 + (XL − XC ) 2
[CBSE AIPMT 2007]
voltage by 45°. The value of C is  1 
2

(a) 100 mH [CBSE AIPMT 2005] = R 2 + ω L − 

(b) 1 mH 1  ωC 
(c) Cannot be calculated unless R is (a)
2 πf (2 πfL + R) i.e. Z=R
known 1 R R
(b) So, power factor, cos φ = = =1
(d) 10 mH
πf (2 πfL + R) Z R
Ans. (a) 1 Thus, power loss at resonance is given
Current inLCR series circuit, (c) by
2 πf (2 πfL − R)
V
i= 1 P = Vrms i rms cos φ [cos φ = 1]
R + (XL − XC ) 2
2 (d)
πf (2 πfL − R) = Vrms i rms × 1
where,V is rms value of voltage R is
Ans. (c) = (i rms R) i rms
resistance, XL is inductive reactance
and XC is capacitive reactance. Phase difference between current and = (i rms ) 2 R = i 2 R
For current to be maximum, voltage in LCR series circuit is given by
1 26 The reactance of a capacitor of
denominator should be minimum which ωL –
can be done, i.e. during the resonance tan φ = ωC capacitance C is X. If both the
of series LCR circuit R
frequency and capacitance be
1  ωL = inductive reactance 
XL = XC i.e. ωL = doubled, then new reactance will
ωC  1 
 = capacitive reactance be [CBSE AIPMT 2001]
1  ωC 
or L= 2 …(i) X
ωC φ being the angle by which the current
(a) X (b) 2X (c) 4X (d)
4
Given, ω = 1000 s ,C = 10 µF = 10 × 10 −6 F
−1
leads the voltage.
1 Ans. (d)
Hence, L = Given,
(1000) 2 × 10 × 10 −6 If a capacitor of capacitance C is
φ = 45° connected with an AC signal, then
= 0.1 H= 100 mH 1
ωL – reactance of that circuit is purely
23 A coil of inductive reactance 31 Ω ∴ tan 45° = ωC capacitive.
has a resistance of 8Ω. It is placed R The capacitive reactance is
1 1 1
in series with a condenser of ωL − X= = (ω = 2 πf)
ωC ωC 2 πfC
capacitative reactance 25 Ω. The ⇒ 1=
R 1
combination is connected to an 1 or X∝
AC source of 110 V. The power ⇒ R = ωL − fC
ωC
factor of the circuit is Considering two different situations of
1
[CBSE AIPMT 2006]
⇒ ωC = frequency and capacitance, we have
(ωL − R) X ′ fC f ×C
(a) 0.56 (b) 0.64 = =
1 X f ′C ′ 2f × 2 C
(c) 0.80 (d) 0.33 ⇒ C=
ω (ωL − R) [Qf ′ = 2f and C ′ = 2C]
Ans. (c) 1
= X′ 1 X
Power factor of AC circuit is given by 2 πf (2 πfL − R) or = or X ′ =
R X 4 4
cos φ = ...(i)
Z
25 For a series LCR circuit, the power 27 A wire of resistance R is connected
where, R is resistance and Z is the
impedance of the circuit and is given by loss at resonance is in series with an inductor of
Z = R 2 + (XL – XC2 ) ...(ii) [CBSE AIPMT 2002] reactance ωL. Then quality factor
V2 of RL circuit is [CBSE AIPMT 2000]
XL = inductive reactance (a) (b) i 2 Cω R
XC = capacitive reactance
1 (a)
ωL −
ωC ωL
Eqs. (i) and (ii) meet to give,
R V2 ωL
cos φ = ...(iii) (c) i 2 R (d) (b)
R 2 + (XL – XC ) 2 ωC R
R
Given, R = 8 Ω, XL = 31 Ω, XC = 25 Ω (c)
8 8 Ans. (c) R 2 + ω 2 L2
cos φ = = In series LCR circuit at resonance,
(8) 2 + (31 – 25) 2 64 + 36 ωL
capacitive reactance (XC ) (d)
Hence, cos φ = 0.80 = inductive reactance(XL ) R 2 + ω 2 L2
 Ans. (b) Ans. (a) At resonance XL = XC
We define the quality factor of the In an AC circuit with voltage V and 1
i.e. ωL = , Z=R
circuit as follows current i, the power dissipated is given ωC
Quality factor, Q by So, circuit behaves as if it contains R
total energy stored in the circuit P = Vi cos φ only. So, phase difference = 0.
= 2π × where, φ is the phase and cos φ is
loss in energy in each cycle Frequency of resonatingLCR circuit is
the power factor. Thus, the power given by
But the total energy stored in circuit dissipated, depends upon the phase 1 1
ω2 = ⇒ f=
= Li rms
2
between voltage V and current i. LC 2π LC
and the energy loss per second = i rms
2
R
2
i rms R
30 In an experiment, 200 V AC is 32 In an AC circuit, the rms value of
So, loss in energy per cycle = applied at the ends of an LCR
f current, i rms is related to the peak
Hence, quality factor, circuit. The circuit consists of an current, i 0 by the relation
2 inductive reactance (X L ) = 50 Ω, [CBSE AIPMT 1994]
Li rms
Q =2 π × capacitive reactance (X C ) = 50 Ω
2
i rms R/f (a) irms = 2 i 0 (b) i rms = πi 0
and ohmic resistance (R) = 10 Ω. i 1
2 π fL ωL The impedance of the circuit is (c) irms = 0 (d) irms = i0
= = π 2
R R [CBSE AIPMT 1996]
(a) 10 Ω (b) 20 Ω Ans. (d)
28 In a circuit inductance L and (c) 30 Ω (d) 40 Ω Root mean square value of an
capacitance C are connected as Ans. (a)
alternating current is defined as the
shown in figure. A 1 and A2 are square root of the average of i 2 , during
Total effective resistance of LCR a complete cycle it may be taken by
ammeters. When key K is pressed circuit is called impedance of theLCR 2 π /ω
to complete the circuit, then just series circuit. It is represented by Z.
i 2
=
∫ 0
i 2 dt
after closing key (K), the reading of where
V
Z = 0 = R 2 + (XL – XC ) 2 2π
current will be [CBSE AIPMT 1999] i0 ω
2 π /ω
Given, VAC = 200 V
Resistance offered by inductor =
∫ 0
i 02 sin2 ωt dt
2π
XL = 50 Ω
Resistance offered by capacitance ω
i 2ω 2 π / ω 1
XC = 50 Ω = 0 ∫ (1 – cos 2ωt) dt
R = 10 Ω 2π 0 2
2 π /ω
Z=? i 02 ω  sin 2ωt 
= t–
∴ Z = (10) 2 + (50 – 50) 2 4 π  2ω  0
(a) zero in both A1 and A2 or Z = 10 Ω i 02 ω  2 π  i 02
(b) maximum in both A1 and A2 =  =
4π  ω  2
(c) zero in A1 and maximum in A2 31 An LCR series circuit is connected i
(d) maximum in A1 and zero in A2 ∴ i rms = i2 = 0
to a source of alternating current. 2
Ans. (d) At resonance, the applied voltage
There is no DC current in inductive and the current flowing through 33 The time constant of C-R circuit is
circuit because it does not allow DC the circuit will have a phase [CBSE AIPMT 1992]
current to flow and maximum DC difference of [CBSE AIPMT 1994] 1 C
(a) (b)
current in capacitive circuit. Hence, the π CR R
(a) π (b)
current is zero in A2 and maximum in A1 . 2 R
(c) CR (d)
π C
(c) (d) zero
29 In an AC circuit with voltage V and 4 Ans. (c)
current i the power dissipated is Ans. (d) The quantity τ = CR is called time
[CBSE AIPMT 1997]
A circuit in which inductanceL, constant or capacitive time constant of
(a) Depends on the phase between V capacitanceC and resistance R are CR circuit. This is because dimensions
and i connected in series, and the circuit of RC are those of time and for a given
1 admits maximum current CR circuit, its value is constant.
(b) Vi
2 corresponding to a given frequency of Alternative
1 AC is called series resonance circuit. V q
(c) Vi As R = and C =
The impedance (Z) of an RLC circuit is i V
2
given by V q q i ×t
(d) Vi 2
∴ RC = = = =t
 1  i V i i
Z = R 2 +  ωL – 
 ωC  ∴ [RC] = [t] = [T]
 36 A 220 V input is supplied to a 100
Hence, η = = 0.90 = 90%
TOPIC 2 transformer. The output circuit 220 × 0.5
AC Generator and draws a current of 2.0 A at 440 V. If 39 The primary and secondary coils
Transformer the efficiency of the transformer is of a transformer have 50 and 1500
80%, the current drawn by the turns respectively. If the magnetic
34 A step down transformer primary windings of the flux φ linked with the primary coil
transformer is [CBSE AIPMT 2010] is given by φ = φ0 + 4t, where φ is in
connected to an AC mains supply
(a) 3.6 A (b) 2.8 A weber, t is time in second and φ0
of 220 V is made to operate at 11 V,
(c) 2.5 A (d) 5.0 A is a constant, the output voltage
44 W lamp. Ignoring power losses
Ans. (d) across the secondary coil is
in the transformer, what is the [CBSE AIPMT 2007]
current in the primary circuit ? Efficiency is defined as the ratio of
output power and input power (a) 90 V (b) 120 V
[NEET 2021]
P V i (c) 220 V (d) 30 V
(a) 0.2 A (b) 0.4 A i.e η% = out × 100 = s s × 100
Pinput Vp i p Ans. (b)
(c) 2 A (d) 4 A
2 × 440 The magnetic flux linked with the
Ans. (a) 80 = × 100 ⇒ i p = 5A primary coil is given by
220 × i p
Given, the main supply line voltage in φ = φ0 + 4t
transformer, So, voltage across primary
V = 220 V 37 In an AC circuit the emf (V ) and the dφ d
Vp = = (φ0 + 4t)
The rating of the lamp = 11 V, 44 W current (i) at any instant are given dt dt
We know that, respectively by =4V (as φ0 = constant)
P = VI P …(i) V = V0 sinω t, Also, we have
Here, P is the power that operates the i = i 0 sin (ω t − φ) N p = 50 and N s = 1500
lamp, The average power in the circuit As we know that voltage across primary
V is the supply line voltage, over one cycle of AC is and secondary coil is directly
I P is the primary current in the proportional to the no. of turns in
[CBSE AIPMT 2008]
transformer. primary and secondary coil
V i V0 i 0
(a) 0 0 (b) sin φ respectively.
From Eq. (i), we get 2 2 V N N
⇒ 44 = I P × 220 V i So, s = s or Vs = Vp s
(c) 0 0 cos φ (d) V0 i 0 Vp N p Np
⇒ I P = 0.2A 2  1500 
=4  = 120 V
Ans. (c)  50 
35 A transformer having efficiency of 1
Pav = Vrms ⋅i rms cos φ = V0 i 0 cos φ Note As in case of given transformer,
90% is working on 200 V and 3 kW 2 voltage in secondary is increased,
power supply. If the current in the  V0 i0 
Q Vrms = 2 , i rms = 2 
hence it is a step-up transformer.
secondary coil is 6 A, the voltage  
across the secondary coil and the where, cosφ = power factor 40 The core of a transformer is
current in the primary coil laminated because
respectively are[CBSE AIPMT 2014] 38 A transformer is used to light a 100 [CBSE AIPMT 2006]
(a) 300 V, 15 A (b) 450 V, 15 A W and 110 V lamp from a 220 V (a) energy losses due to eddy
(c) 450 V, 13.5 A (d) 600 V, 15 A mains. If the main current is 0.5 A, currents may be minimised
the efficiency of the transformer (b) the weight of the transformer may
Ans. (b)
is approximately be reduced
Initial power = 3000 W (c) rusting of the core may be
[CBSE AIPMT 2007]
As efficiency is 90%, then final power (a) 30% (b) 50% prevented
90
= 3000 × = 2700 W (c) 90% (d) 10% (d) ratio of voltage in primary and
100 secondary may be increased
V1I 1 = 3000 W  Ans. (c)
⇒ ...(i)
V2 I 2 = 2700 W  The efficiency of transformer Ans. (a)
When magnetic flux linked with a coil
2700 900 Energy obtained from the secondary coil
V2 = = [QI 1 = 6 A] = changes, induced emf is produced in it
6 2 Energy given to the primary coil and the induced current flows through
⇒ V2 = 450 V Output power the wire forming the coil. In 1895,
or η=
3000 Input power Focault experimentally found that
and I1 = [QV1 = 200 V]
200 Vs I s these induced currents are set up in the
or η= [as power = VI] conductor in the form of closed loops.
⇒ I 1 = 15 A Vp I p
These currents look like eddies or
Given,Vs I s = 100 W, Vp = 220 V, I p = 0.5 A whirlpools and likewise are known as
eddy curents. They are also known as
 Focault’s current. These currents 1 dφp 1 dφ s an AC supply of 20 V-50 Hz. The
or . =
oppose the cause of their origin, N p dt N s dt secondary will have an output of
therefore, due to eddy currents, a great
Vs N s  dφ  [CBSE AIPMT 1997]
amount of energy is wasted in form of ∴ =  as V ∝ 
heat energy. If core of transformer is Vp N p  dt  (a) 2 V, 5 Hz (b) 200 V, 500 Hz
laminated, then their effect can be For no loss of power, (c) 2 V, 50 Hz (d) 200 V, 50 Hz
minimised. Vi = constant Ans. (d)
1
∴ i = × constant The transformer converts AC high
41 A step-up transformer operates V voltage into AC low voltage, but it does
on a 230 V line and supplies i p Vs i N
or = or p = s not cause any change in frequency.
current of 2 A to a load. The ratio i s Vp is Np The ratio of voltage across input with
of the primary and secondary i p and i s are currents in primary and output
windings is 1 : 25. The current in secondary coils voltage is given by
Np 1 Vs N s
the primary coil is Here, = =
[CBSE AIPMT 1998] N s 25 Vp N p
(a) 15 A (b) 50 A is = 2 A N s = No. of turns in secondary coil
(c) 25 A (d) 12.5 A ∴
ip
=
25 N p = No. of turns in primary coil
Ans. (b) 2 1 Making substitution, we obtain
i p = 25 × 2 = 50 A N
As change in flux of primary and or Vs = s Vp
Np
secondary coil is proportional to the no.
of turns in primary and secondary coil 42 The primary winding of =
5000
× 20 = 200 V
respectively. transformer has 500 turns 500
φp φ whereas its secondary has 5000 Thus, output has voltage 200 V and
So, = s
Np N s turns. The primary is connected to frequency 50 Hz.