Series Resonance - GATE Study Material in

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In the previous articles we have seen the behavior of sinusoidal circuits in steady state,
in AC & DC Circuits as well as power relations in AC Circuits. In these free GATE 2018
Notes we will mainly discuss Series Resonance in Circuits. This primarily means we will
discuss resonance in series circuits.

These GATE Study Notes are useful for GATE EC, GATE EE, IES, BARC, DRDO, BSNL
and other exams. You can also have these GATE 2018 Notes downloaded in PDF to have
your preparation made easy and ace your GATE Exam.

Before you read further though, make sure you have gone through the previous articles
whose concepts you will require.

Recommended Reading –

Parameters of Periodic Wave Forms

Sinusoidal Response of Series Circuits

Power Relations in AC Circuits

What is Series Resonance?

Resonance in electric circuits is because of the presence of energy storing elements
called capacitor and inductor.

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At a fixed frequency f0, the elements L and C will exchange their energy freely as a
function of time which results in sinusoidal oscillations either across inductor (or)
capacitor.

Consider a series RLC circuit at resonance.

1
Z = R + jωL + jωL

1
= R + j (ωL − ωC)

1
At resonance impedance is purely real i. e. ω0 L = ω
0C

1
∴ ω0 =
√LC

Z(jω0 )=R

At ω = ω0,

VR = IR = V

ωL
VL = Q. V∠90° where Q = R

1
VC = Q. V∠ − 90° where Q = ωCR

The behavior of series RLC circuit is given by

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Phasor Diagram:

Notes:

i. The LC combination in a series RLC circuit acts like a short circuit at resonance.

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ii. At resonance the AC circuit behaves like dc circuit.
iii. Generally the series RLC circuit frequency response is similar to band pass filter
response.

Frequency response:
V V
Current I = = 1
Z R+jωL+
jωC

V V
|I| = = 2
|Z|
√R2 +(ωL− 1 )
ωC

f0
Bandwidth = fH − fL = Q

ω0 L 1
Where, Q = =ω
R 0 CR

Also √fH . fL = f0

Notes:

i. At resonance, Z is minimum ⇒ I = maximum ⇒ so it is called acceptor circuit.

ii. Since voltage across L and C elements are magnified by ‘Q’ times, hence series RLC
circuit at resonance is also called as voltage magnification circuit.
ω0 L 1 1 L maximum energy stored in L and C at resonance
𝐢𝐢𝐢. Q = =ω = R √C = ω0 ×
R 0 CR Average power dissipated at resonance

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iv. As Q is more ⇒ circuit is said to be more selective and oscillations produced are of
high quality.
v. For the physical existence of the circuit a minimum R is to be maintained in the
circuit which is known as critical resistance of the circuit, where damping ratio is 1.

ω0 L 1 1 1 L
I. e. Q = =ω = 2ξ = R √C
R 0 CR

1 1 L
At, ξ = 1 ⇒ = R √C
2

L
R critical = 2√C

For finding resonant frequency always equal the imaginary part of impedance (or)
admittance to be zero.

Example:

In a series RLC circuit, R = 10 Ω, XL = 20 and XC = 20. Then determine the voltage

across the inductor if VS = 100 V.

Solution:

Given, XL = XC = 20

∴ Circuit is in resonance.

∴VS = VR = 100V

ωL XL 20
Q − factor = = = 10 = 2
R R

∴ Voltage across inductor VL = V.Q∠90°

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=100.2∠90° = 200j

∴ Magnitude of VL = 200V

Example:

Determine the resonant frequency of the circuit given below.

Solution:

The impedance of above circuit is given by

1 1
(jω4+ )
jω jω
Z(jω) = 10 + 1 1
jω4+ +
jω jω

(1−4ω2 ) 1 j(1−4ω2 )
= 10 + . jω = 10 − ω(2−4ω2 )
2−4ω2

For resonance, imaginary part = 0

∴ 1 – 4ω2 = 0, ∴ ω0 = ½ = 0.5

In the next notes, we will discuss about parallel resonance.

Did you like this article on Series Resonance? Let us know in the comments. You may
also enjoy reading the following articles–

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Parallel Resonance
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Magnetically Coupled Circuits
Control Systems Revision Test 1
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