Supporting information

Development of Process Model and Optimal Drying

Condition of Biomass Power Plant

Jaechan Han†, ‡, §, Yeongryeol Choi†, ‡, §, Junghwan Kim‡, *

† School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University,50 Yonsei-ro,

Seodaemun-gu, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea

‡ Green Materials and Processes Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 55 Jongga-ro,

Jung-gu, Ulsan 44413, Republic of Korea

§ These authors contributed equally to this work.

*
Corresponding Author.

E-mail address: kjh31@kitech.re.kr

S1
 List of supporting information

Table S1. Inlet specifications of streams

Table S2. Outlet specifications of units

Table S3. Design parameters

Figure S1. Process flow diagram for heat and mass balance

Table S4. Base case stream results

Table S5. Optimum case stream results

Table S6. Case A stream results

Table S7. Case B stream results

Table S8. Case 1 stream results

Table S9. Case 2 stream results

Table S10. Case 3 stream results

Table S11. Case 4 stream results

S2
Table S1. Inlet specifications of streams

Temperature Pressure Flow rate

Stream name
(°C) (atm) (kg/h)

Air 1 (to blower) 30 1 Variable

Air 2 (to boiler) 30 1 Variable

FW (feed water) 45 2 Variable

WET-EFB 30 1 Variable

Table S2. Outlet specifications of units

Temp. Discharge Pres. Efficiency Vapor fraction

Stream name
(°C) (atm) (%) (%)

Blower 1.01 100

Pump 1 67 100

Pump 2 (to preheat tank) 12 100

Pump 3 2 100
HRSG
200 1
(Flue gas heat recovery)
Boiler
433.1 60
(Water converted to steam)

Turbine 1 12 90

Turbine 2 0.107 90
Heat exchanger 1
1.01 188
(Air to dryer)
Heat exchanger 2
12 0
(Condensed water to preheat tank)

Condenser 47 0

S3
Table S3. Design parameters

Parameter Unit Value

Air velocity, 𝑢𝐺 m/s 1.5

Diffusion coefficient of the vapor in the gas, 𝛿𝐺 m2/s 5.66E-05

Size of the EFB m 0.005

Thermal conductivity of the gas, 𝜆𝐺 kW/mK 3.68E-05

Dynamic viscosity of dry gas, 𝜂𝐺 kg/ms 0.000254

Density of air, 𝜌𝐺 kg/m3 0.755389

Specific heat of air, 𝐶𝑝,𝐺 kJ/kgK 1.037043

Reynolds number, Re - 22.33115

Schmidt number, Sc - 5.933392

Lewis number, Le - 0.830599

Sherwood number for laminar flow, 𝑆ℎ𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟 - 5.680563

Sherwood number for turbulent flow, 𝑆ℎ𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 - 0.518698

Average Sherwood number - 5.704195

Mass transfer coefficient, 𝛽𝐺 m/s 0.064576

Heat transfer coefficient, 𝛼𝐺 kW/m2K 0.044699

S4
 Figure S1. Process flow diagram for heat and mass balance

Figure S1 is presented to examine the heat and mass balance results in Table S4-S11. The results

for Table S4-S11 are shown below. A little difference in heat balance is due to the tolerance of

Aspen software.

S5
Table S4. Base case stream results.

Stream Temperature Pressure Mass Enthalpy Mass flow Enthalpy flow

name ( ºC) (atm) (kJ/kg) (kg/hr) (kJ/hr)
1 30 1 -9,425 15,248 -143,712,470
2 30 1 -9,425 15,248 -143,712,470
3 433 60 -12,622 27,776 -350,590,775
4 220 12 -13,108 27,776 -364,086,117
5 191 12 -13,108 27,776 -364,086,117
6 47 0.107 -13,927 27,776 -386,845,251
7 47 0.105 -15,774 27,776 -438,137,060
8 47 2 -15,774 27,776 -438,129,871
9 47 2 -15,774 27,776 -438,129,871
10 47 12 -15,773 27,776 -438,094,506
11 47 12 -15,773 27,776 -438,094,503
12 49 67 -15,765 27,776 -437,885,144
13 0 0 0 0 0
14 30 1 5 64,855 327,934
15 200 1 -3,173 79,826 -253,278,432
16 1240 1 562 278 155,916
17 0 0 0 0 0
18 30 2 -15,843 0 0
19 0 0 0 0 0
20 0 0 0 0 0
21 0 0 0 0 0
22 0 0 0 0 0
Wblower - - - - 0
Wpump1 - - - - 37,897
Wpump2 - - - - 209,219
Wpump3 - - - - 7,184
W1 - - - - -13,232,011
W2 - - - - -22,743,915
Heat duty, HD - - - - -51,291,809
Heat loss - - - - 22,443,612

S6
Table S5. Optimum case stream results.

Stream Temperature Pressure Mass Enthalpy Mass flow Enthalpy flow

name ( ºC) (atm) (kJ/kg) (kg/hr) (kJ/hr)
1 30 1 -9,425 14,049 -132,409,897
2 50 1 -4,678 8,109 -37,939,008
3 433 60 -12,622 33,099 -417,785,608
4 220 12 -13,108 33,099 -433,867,491
5 191 12 -13,108 24,824 -325,400,618
6 47 0.107 -13,927 24,824 -345,741,510
7 47 0.105 -15,774 24,824 -391,583,373
8 47 2 -15,774 24,824 -391,576,949
9 47 2 -15,774 24,824 -391,576,949
10 47 12 -15,773 24,824 -391,545,212
11 83 12 -15,622 33,099 -517,062,258
12 85 67 -15,614 33,099 -516,807,981
13 50 1 -925 116,802 -108,036,247
14 30 1 5 59,754 302,143
15 200 1 -2,294 67,608 -155,084,238
16 1566 1 1,076 256 275,179
17 191 12 -13,108 8,275 -108,466,982
18 30 2 -15,843 0 0
19 30 1 -279 110,862 -30,900,736
20 31 1 -278 110,862 -30,772,549
21 181 1 -124 110,862 -13,722,482
22 189 12 -15,169 8,275 -125,517,049
Wblower - - - - 128,101
Wpump1 - - - - 33,871
Wpump2 - - - - 254,109
Wpump3 - - - - 6,420
W1 - - - - -15,648,620
W2 - - - - -20,327,290
Heat duty, HD - - - - -45,841,864
Heat loss - - - - 18,149,820

S7
Table S6. Case A stream results.

Stream Temperature Pressure Mass Enthalpy Mass flow Enthalpy flow

name ( ºC) (atm) (kJ/kg) (kg/hr) (kJ/hr)
1 30 1 -9,425 14,203 -133,857,429
2 48 1 -6,039 9,339 -56,394,505
3 433 60 -12,622 32,114 -405,353,533
4 220 12 -13,108 32,114 -420,956,866
5 191 12 -13,108 25,370 -332,555,924
6 47 0.107 -13,927 25,370 -353,344,096
7 47 0.105 -15,774 25,370 -400,193,987
8 47 2 -15,774 25,370 -400,187,421
9 47 2 -15,774 25,370 -400,187,421
10 47 12 -15,773 25,370 -400,154,996
11 77 12 -15,646 32,114 -502,451,915
12 79 67 -15,638 32,114 -502,206,048
13 49 1 -930 95,217 -88,526,716
14 30 1 5 60,408 305,446
15 200 1 -2,474 69,488 -171,884,560
16 1498 1 964 258 249,200
17 191 12 -13,108 6,744 -88,401,043
18 30 2 -15,843 0 0
19 30 1 -279 90,353 -25,184,229
20 31 1 -278 90,353 -25,079,756
21 181 1 -124 90,353 -11,183,880
22 189 12 -15,169 6,744 -102,296,919
Wblower - - - - 104,403
Wpump1 - - - - 34,616
Wpump2 - - - - 245,706
Wpump3 - - - - 6,561
W1 - - - - -15,201,605
W2 - - - - -20,774,271
Heat duty, HD - - - - -46,849,891
Heat loss - - - - 18,693,785

S8
Table S7. Case B stream results.

Stream Temperature Pressure Mass Enthalpy Mass flow Enthalpy flow

name ( ºC) (atm) (kJ/kg) (kg/hr) (kJ/hr)
1 30 1 -9,425 15,001 -141,380,610
2 55 1 -5,984 9,824 -58,780,624
3 433 60 -12,622 34,696 -437,932,942
4 220 12 -13,108 34,696 -454,790,359
5 191 12 -13,108 23,940 -313,805,348
6 47 0.107 -13,927 23,940 -333,421,416
7 47 0.105 -15,774 23,940 -377,629,758
8 47 2 -15,774 23,940 -377,623,563
9 47 2 -15,774 23,940 -377,623,563
10 47 12 -15,773 23,940 -377,593,130
11 92 12 -15,585 34,696 -540,739,713
12 94 67 -15,578 34,696 -540,471,727
13 89 1 -672 149,276 -100,348,969
14 30 1 5 63,803 322,613
15 200 1 -2,468 73,353 -181,010,796
16 1502 1 970 273 264,816
17 191 12 -13,108 10,756 -140,984,969
18 30 2 -15,843 0 0
19 30 1 -279 144,098 -40,164,658
20 31 1 -278 144,098 -39,998,042
21 181 1 -124 144,098 -17,836,430
22 189 12 -15,169 10,756 -163,146,581
Wblower - - - - 166,505
Wpump1 - - - - 32,664
Wpump2 - - - - 267,806
Wpump3 - - - - 6,191
W1 - - - - -16,372,970
W2 - - - - -19,602,951
Heat duty, HD - - - - -44,208,343
Heat loss - - - - 19,749,184

S9
Table S8. Case 1 stream results.

Stream Temperature Pressure Mass Enthalpy Mass flow Enthalpy flow

name ( ºC) (atm) (kJ/kg) (kg/hr) (kJ/hr)
1 30 1 -9,425 14,113 -133,007,108
2 49 1 -5,401 8,711 -47,047,742
3 433 60 -12,622 32,599 -411,475,794
4 220 12 -13,108 32,599 -427,314,792
5 191 12 -13,108 25,102 -329,032,390
6 47 0.107 -13,927 25,102 -349,600,304
7 47 0.105 -15,774 25,102 -395,953,806
8 47 2 -15,774 25,102 -395,947,309
9 47 2 -15,774 25,102 -395,947,309
10 47 12 -15,773 25,102 -395,916,106
11 80 12 -15,634 32,599 -509,646,919
12 82 67 -15,626 32,599 -509,396,914
13 50 1 -928 105,854 -98,253,280
14 30 1 5 60,024 303,505
15 200 1 -2,384 68,478 -163,274,664
16 1532 1 1,019 257 261,788
17 191 12 -13,108 7,498 -98,281,773
18 30 2 -15,843 0 0
19 30 1 -279 100,452 -27,999,111
20 31 1 -278 100,452 -27,882,962
21 181 1 -124 100,452 -12,433,921
22 189 12 -15,169 7,498 -113,730,814
Wblower - - - - 116,072
Wpump1 - - - - 34,249
Wpump2 - - - - 249,839
Wpump3 - - - - 6,492
W1 - - - - -15,421,747
W2 - - - - -20,554,161
Heat duty, HD - - - - -46,353,501
Heat loss - - - - 18,347,519

S10
Table S9. Case 2 stream results.

Stream Temperature Pressure Mass Enthalpy Mass flow Enthalpy flow

name ( ºC) (atm) (kJ/kg) (kg/hr) (kJ/hr)
1 30 1 -9,425 14,316 -134,923,316
2 47 1 -6,611 9,999 -66,107,599
3 433 60 -12,622 31,644 -399,411,668
4 220 12 -13,108 31,644 -414,786,280
5 191 12 -13,108 25,631 -335,976,887
6 47 0.107 -13,927 25,631 -356,978,904
7 47 0.105 -15,774 25,631 -404,310,734
8 47 2 -15,774 25,631 -404,304,100
9 47 2 -15,774 25,631 -404,304,100
10 47 12 -15,773 25,631 -404,271,449
11 74 12 -15,658 31,644 -495,469,009
12 76 67 -15,650 31,644 -495,227,144
13 48 1 -927 84,866 -78,686,930
14 30 1 5 60,889 307,878
15 200 1 -2,563 70,627 -180,992,232
16 1465 1 910 261 237,136
17 191 12 -13,108 6,012 -78,809,406
18 30 2 -15,843 0 0
19 30 1 -279 80,550 -22,451,705
20 31 1 -278 80,550 -22,358,568
21 181 1 -124 80,550 -9,970,414
22 189 12 -15,169 6,012 -91,197,560
Wblower - - - - 93,075
Wpump1 - - - - 34,972
Wpump2 - - - - 241,704
Wpump3 - - - - 6,629
W1 - - - - -14,987,944
W2 - - - - -20,987,973
Heat duty, HD - - - - -47,331,830
Heat loss - - - - 19,139,898

S11
Table S10. Case 3 stream results.

Stream Temperature Pressure Mass Enthalpy Mass flow Enthalpy flow

name ( ºC) (atm) (kJ/kg) (kg/hr) (kJ/hr)
1 30 1 -9,425 14,476 -136,435,407
2 44 1 -7,167 10,754 -77,081,941
3 433 60 -12,622 31,186 -393,641,164
4 220 12 -13,108 31,186 -408,793,651
5 191 12 -13,108 25,885 -339,298,730
6 47 0.107 -13,927 25,885 -360,508,397
7 47 0.105 -15,774 25,885 -408,308,202
8 47 2 -15,774 25,885 -408,301,503
9 47 2 -15,774 25,885 -408,301,503
10 47 12 -15,773 25,885 -408,268,631
11 72 12 -15,670 31,186 -488,687,466
12 73 67 -15,662 31,186 -488,449,480
13 51 1 -911 74,751 -68,068,400
14 30 1 5 61,571 311,328
15 200 1 -2,657 72,062 -191,503,085
16 1429 1 853 263 224,711
17 191 12 -13,108 5,302 -69,494,849
18 30 2 -15,843 0 0
19 30 1 -279 71,030 -19,798,117
20 31 1 -278 71,030 -19,715,988
21 181 1 -124 71,030 -8,792,001
22 189 12 -15,169 5,302 -80,418,835
Wblower - - - - 82,074
Wpump1 - - - - 35,317
Wpump2 - - - - 237,827
Wpump3 - - - - 6,694
W1 - - - - -14,780,434
W2 - - - - -21,195,484
Heat duty, HD - - - - -47,799,805
Heat loss - - - - 19,699,445

S12
Table S11. Case 4 stream results.

Stream Temperature Pressure Mass Enthalpy Mass flow Enthalpy flow

name ( ºC) (atm) (kJ/kg) (kg/hr) (kJ/hr)
1 30 1 -9,425 14,647 -138,043,373
2 43 1 -7,866 11,835 -93,101,990
3 433 60 -12,622 30,311 -382,586,776
4 220 12 -13,108 30,311 -397,313,745
5 191 12 -13,108 26,370 -345,662,958
6 47 0.107 -13,927 26,370 -367,270,454
7 47 0.105 -15,774 26,370 -415,966,841
8 47 2 -15,774 26,370 -415,960,016
9 47 2 -15,774 26,370 -415,960,016
10 47 12 -15,773 26,370 -415,926,008
11 66 12 -15,694 30,311 -475,696,264
12 68 67 -15,686 30,311 -475,465,685
13 47 1 -932 55,603 -51,847,584
14 30 1 5 62,297 314,997
15 200 1 -2,793 73,865 -206,326,415
16 1379 1 774 267 206,366
17 191 12 -13,108 3,940 -51,651,146
18 30 2 -15,843 0 0
19 30 1 -279 52,792 -14,714,694
20 31 1 -278 52,792 -14,653,652
21 181 1 -124 52,792 -6,534,541
22 189 12 -15,169 3,940 -59,770,257
Wblower - - - - 61,001
Wpump1 - - - - 35,980
Wpump2 - - - - 230,426
Wpump3 - - - - 6,820
W1 - - - - -14,382,887
W2 - - - - -21,593,048
Heat duty, HD - - - - -48,696,386
Heat loss - - - - 20,454,147

S13