Multiple Operations on Signals [1]

The operations namely amplitude scaling, time reversal, time shifting, time scaling etc. when applied
simultaneously to a CT signal, should follow a proper sequence. If not followed correctly, it would give
erroneous results.

Consider a signal with multiple transformations given as

where Amplitude scaling factor

Time scaling factor

Time shift (Shift Left when sign is , Shift Right when sign is )

Amount of time shift in seconds

METHODOLOGY

To obtain from the given , the operations should be performed in the following order

Step 1: Amplitude Scaling

Multiply the signal by to obtain the amplitude scaled version .
Step 2: Time Shifting
Shift the signal to the left or right by units. This will produce the shifted signal .
Step 3: Time Scaling
Scale the signal by to obtain .
Step 4: Time Reversal
If is negative, reflect the scaled and shifted signal about the vertical axis.

Example 1
A signal is given below. Sketch the transformed signal .

1 x(t)

t
-1 0 1
Solution

Here , , .
Step 1: Amplitude Scaling: Multiply the amplitude of by to obtain .
 6x(t) -6x(t)
6
-1 0 1
t

t
-1 0 1
-6

Step 2: Time Shifting: Shift – to the left by

-6x(t+1/2)

-1.5 -0.5 0 0.5

t

-6

Step 3: Time Scaling: Since , hence expand – by a factor of 2

-6x(t/2+1/2)

-3 -1 0 1
t

-6

Step 4: Time Reversal: Since is negative, reflect the signal along the axis of time

-6x(-t/2+1/2)

-1 0 1 3
t

-6
Example 2
For the DT signal shown below, sketch .

Solution
Step 1: Time Shift: Shift left the signal by 1 unit to get the sequence

Step 2: Time scaling: Since , hence expand by a factor of 2 to produce

References
[1]. Kanodia and Murolia, GATE Study Package, Signals & Systems, Vol. 7 of 10, Nodia & Company.