University of Perpetual Help System Laguna-JONELTA

Biñan Campus
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

UNIVERSITY OF PERPETUAL HELP SYSTEM LAGUNA – JONELTA

Binan, Laguna

College of Arts and Sciences

In Partial Fulfillment to the Requirements in

Experimental Psychology

EXPERIMENT TITLE:

Extra Sensory Perception

SUBMITTED BY:

Apawan, Cathlyne Joy S.

SUBMITTED TO:

Mary Easter Claire Perez Torres

February 1, 2024

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 3

Introduction … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 4 - 5

Method … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …6 - 7

Results … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … …8- 14

Discussion … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 15 - 16

Conclusion … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … ... 17

Appendix … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 18 - 20

References … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 21

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ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to analyze the missed and correct guess of symbols of two

participants involved in an Extra Sensory Perception test. The two participants ( Subject A and

Subject B) guess 50 shuffled Zener cards in the deck consisting of 10 cards per symbol. The

experimenter wants to determine whether consuming sweet treats improves sensory perception.

Subject A proceeded to the test without consuming a sweet treat. While the other, Subject B

consumes a sweet treat while having the experiment to show the effect on Simple Reaction Time.

Further research is required to clarify the relationship between nutrition and cognitive function in

order to optimize cognitive tasks. Different in gender, age and backgrounds, Subject A and

Subject B responded to the test by guessing the 50 shuffled Zener cards without looking. Their

response will be confidential and will be recorded by the experimenter.

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INTRODUCTION

Extra sensory perception (ESP) has been a thought provoking subject among

Psychologists and Philosophers of Science. The concept of Extra-sensory perception (ESP) or

what we regard as the sixth sense is that man can make contact or communicate with distant

events and people by unknown procedures that does not engage the application of sensual

organs. (Nwanegbo-Ben, 2019)

Sugar provides energy to our bodies in the form of calories, so we, like most other

creatures, have evolved to enjoy it. Sugar comes in a variety of forms, such as glucoseA simple

sugar that is an important energy source, and is naturally occurring in many foods., sucrose, and

fructose, but there are many more. Sugar increases activity in certain parts of our brains, which

means that those parts become excited due to the incoming nutrition. Brain activation happens

because of electrical activity that occurs within cells called neurons. A nerve cell that sends and

receives electrical and chemical signals. (Hunter Myüz, Michael C. Hout, March 29, 2019)

The purpose of this study is to determine whether a subject's consuming sweet treats

improves sensory perception. The researcher conduct an experiment into two subjects to know

the ESP of one's subject, the two subjects referred as Subjects A and Subjects B, both subjects

comes from University of Perpetual Help System Jonelta, Subject A aged 50 was a office staff

while Subject B aged 20 was a second year student.

Since People and other mammals rely on taste to guide food choices. For example, we’re

attracted to sweet foods, which are usually rich in energy (NIH, 2016). The researcher conducts a

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consent letter showing Subjects B needs to consume a sweet treat before conducting

the interview to match the researcher hypothesis.

The experimenter wants to know if there was a significant difference in Extra Sensory

Perception with and without intake of sweet treats in woman adults full time and in a young adult

student to their Simple Reaction Time.

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METHOD

The selected subjects for this experiment were a working adult (Subject A) and a student

young adult (Subject B); Subject A was a 50-year-old female, and Subject B was a 20-year-old

female (Appendix B).

The materials needed for this experiment are a two mongol pencil, a Short Folder, a few

short pieces of bond paper, 50 pcs. (3x4”) Zener Cards with 10 cards per symbols (Circle,

Square, Cross, Star, and Wave) made of thick card board or folder (Appendix A), and a consent

letter (Appendix C).

In this experiment, There are 50 Zener cards in the deck consisting of 10 cards per

symbol, #2 Mongol pencil and short bond paper covered with a folder so the subject won’t be

able to see the recording of data done by the experimenter. The experimenter will shuffle the

deck of cards very well in order to pre-arrange the cards to be guessed.

The experiment will start with two desks facing each other to create a barrier between the

subject and the experimenter, and to prevent the order of the deck of Zener cards from being

visible to the subject on the other side.Then the subject is seated, the experimenter will pick up a

card from the shuffled deck and take note of the hit and miss the subject is making from guessing

the symbol on the card. Subject B who ate a sweet treat (snack bar) while being at the interview,

different from Subject A who did not, is something the experimenter looks into. The experiment

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took place, first for Subject A in a well ventilated and quiet room and second for

Subject B in a quadrangle place with a lot of distractions, such as noise surrounding.

The study's null hypothesis indicates that there was significant difference in Extra

Sensory Perception with and without intake of sweet treats in an adult that works full time and in

a young adult student. By the time the study concluded, the researcher anticipated that the

subjects' significant difference in Extra Sensory Perception with and without intake of sweet

treats during the tasks they completed while consuming the sweet treat would have an impact on

their improved Extra Sensory Perception.

After the experiment, the researcher must be able to answer the following guide questions

for discussion:

1. 1. If the subjects score above 10, does it indicate that the subject has ESP? If the

subjects scored less, does it indicate that the subject has a negative ESP?

2. What is the average score of the subjects? What is the meaning of the score?

3. How many hits were scored? How many cards is possible to guess by chance?

4. Can one respond to the color without responding to the number of items that make up

such a form?

5. If the symbol is guessed correctly, why should it be more difficult to guess it again?

6. On the basis of results, what does the experimenter believe in ESP?

7. What other factors that can affect a person's potential ESP ability?

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RESULTS

Subject A

No. Card Symbol Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5

1 Circle 1 x 1 x 1

2 Wave x x x x x

3 Wave x x x x x

4 Cross x x x 1 1

5 Star x x 1 1 x

6 Circle 1 x x 1 x

7 Circle x 1 1 x 1

8 Star x 1 x x x

9 Square 1 x x x x

10 Wave 1 1 x x 1

11 Cross x x x 1 1

12 Wave x x x x x

13 Circle x x x 1 x

14 Square x x 1 1 1

15 Square 1 x x x x

16 Square x x 1 1 1

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17 Square x 1 x 1 x

18 Square x x x x x

19 Square x 1 x x 1

20 Circle x x x x x

21 Cross x x x x x

22 Cross x x x 1 x

23 Wave x x x x x

24 Star 1 x 1 x x

25 Star x x x x x

26 Circle x x 1 1 x

27 Cross x x x 1 x

28 Wave x x x x x

29 Cross 1 x x 1 x

30 Wave x x x 1 1

31 Cross x x x x 1

32 Wave 1 x x x x

33 Square 1 x x x x

34 Circle x 1 x x x

35 Circle x 1 x x x

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36 Square x 1 x x x

37 Cross x 1 x x 1

38 Star x x x 1 1

39 Wave x x x 1 x

40 Star x x x x x

41 Star x x x x 1

42 Circle x x 1 1 x

43 Cross x x x x x

44 Square x x 1 1 x

45 Star x x 1 1 x

46 Star 1 x 1 x 1

47 Wave x x 1 1 x

48 Star x x x x x

49 Cross x x x x x

50 Circle x x 1 1 x

Table 1.1 Raw Data Scores of Hits and Misses of Subject A to 5-Trial Experiment

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Subject B

No. Card Symbol Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5

1 Circle x x 1 x x

2 Wave x x x 1 x

3 Wave 1 x 1 x x

4 Cross x x 1 x 1

5 Star x x 1 x x

6 Circle x x x x 1

7 Circle x x x x x

8 Star x x x 1 x

9 Square x x x x x

10 Wave 1 x x x x

11 Cross 1 1 x x 1

12 Wave x x x 1 1

13 Circle x x x 1 x

14 Square x x x x x

15 Square x 1 x x x

16 Square x 1 1 1 1

17 Square x x x 1 x

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18 Square x x x x x

19 Square x x x x 1

20 Circle x x x x x

21 Cross x x x x x

22 Cross 1 x x x x

23 Wave 1 x 1 1 x

24 Star 1 x x x 1

25 Star x x x 1 x

26 Circle 1 x x 1 x

27 Cross x x 1 1 x

28 Wave x x 1 1 x

29 Cross x 1 x x x

30 Wave x x x x 1

31 Cross x x x x x

32 Wave x 1 1 x x

33 Square x x x 1 1

34 Circle 1 x x x x

35 Circle x x x x x

36 Square x 1 x x x

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37 Cross 1 x x x 1

38 Star 1 x x x x

39 Wave 1 x x x x

40 Star x x x x x

41 Star x x x x x

42 Circle x x x x x

43 Cross 1 x x x x

44 Square x x 1 1 1

45 Star x x x x x

46 Star x x x 1 x

47 Wave x x 1 x x

48 Star 1 x 1 x x

49 Cross x x 1 x x

50 Circle 1 1 1 x x

Table 1.2 Raw Data Scores of Hits and Misses of Subject B to 5-Trial Experiment

Table 1 displays the tallied scores of hits and misses of Subject A and Subject B in

response to the experiment composed of five trials. The “1” indicates the number of cards the

subject has guessed correctly or hits and “ x ” as the number of cards the subject guessed

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incorrectly or misses. Based on the table above, the number of misses is more

significant than the number of hits for each subject.

Trials Subject A Hits Subject A Misses Subject B Hits Subject B Misses

1 10 40 14 36

2 9 41 7 43

3 13 37 14 36

4 20 30 14 36

5 14 36 11 39

Σ 66 184 60 190

Mean Score 13.2 12

Table 2 indicates the summarized results of hits and misses of Subject A and Subject B to the

experiment composed of 5 trials. Subject A’s highest recorded hits was on the 4th trial with a

score of 20 hits. On the other hand, subject B’s highest recorded hits were on the 1st, 3rd and 4th

trial with the same score of 14 hits. Based on the table above, Subject A has more hits but has a

lot of misses while Subject B has less hits and also has a lot of misses.

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Figure 1. Comparison of Hits and Misses of Subject A and Subject B

Figure 1 shows the graph of the comparison of hits and misses taken by Subject A and

Subject B from the experiment composed of 5 trials. Using the graph as a reference, it can be

determined that Subject A has way more hits but has a lot more misses than Subject B. The 5th

trial dictated the gap in ESP potential ability for each subject. According to the provided score

guide, both subjects displayed chance expectation because they scored between the interval of

1-20 hits in every trial.

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t-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances

Subject A Subject B

Mean 13.2 12

Variance 18.7 9.5

Observations 5 5

Pooled Variance 14.1

Hypothesized Mean Difference 0

df 8

t Stat 0.50529115

P(T<=t) one-tail 0.31348912

t Critical one-tail 1.85954804

P(T<=t) two-tail 0.62697823

t Critical two-tail 2.30600414

Table 3. T-test Result of Subject A and Subject B to 5-Trial Experiment

Table 4 indicates the T-test result of Subject A and Subject B to the experiment composed

of 5 trials. It can be observed that the t-stat of 0.50529115 is less than the t-critical value of

1.85954804 which means the researcher must accept the null hypothesis that Consuming sweets

has no significant effect on the ESP potential ability of the subject.

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DISCUSSION

The researcher has recorded the hits and misses states throughout the entire experiment.

Subject A patiently waiting before the experimenter up the hidden zend card and takes

approximately 3-4 secs before answering the hidden zend cards. While Subject B answers fast

and doesn't think before the experimenter pulls the next zender card.

Throughout all five trials, Subject A makes an effort to stay in the same phase, keeping

eye contact and displaying body language in an attempt to guess the hidden Zend cards from the

researcher. Subject A maintains a composed posture and a cheerful attitude throughout the

experiment. Subject A takes 10 correct answers on First Trial, 9 correct answers on Second Trial,

13 correct answers on Third Trial, 20 correct answers on Forth Trial, and lastly 14 correct

answers on Fifth Trial with the total score of 66. However, Subject B who's in the quadrangle at

the time getting nervous at the beginning of the experiment. Subject B agrees in the condition to

eat sweet treats while doing the experiment.Subject B demonstrates a strong desire to finish all

five trials. Subject B answers without hesitation, shows a lack of interest in the experiment,

fidget behavior, and doesn't seem to be taking the experiment seriously. Subject B takes 14

correct answers on First Trial, 7 correct answers on Second Trial, 14 correct answers on Third

Trial, 14 correct answers on Forth Trial, and lastly 11 correct answers on Fifth Trial with the

total score of 60.

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In the researcher’s study, the level of awareness with and without intake of sweet treats

does not automatically increase a person's reaction time. Both participating subjects have been in

different levels of awareness during the experiment, Subject A having a lower level of awareness

in time than Subject B awareness during the first moments of the trial. Then suddenly shift to

Subject A being more observant in time despite the distraction in surroundings compared to

Subject B who is in a rushing situation and has a hesitant attitude. Both subjects have

inconsistent recorded time throughout the two part experiment, having different reaction times on

the 45-trial experiment and 10-trial experiment.

Because of the lack of evidence and the likelihood of scoring poorly, as the experimenter

and in view of the results, it is more reasonable and logical to conclude that Extrasensory

Perception (ESP) cannot be validated. Chances and expectations are all that matter.

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CONCLUSION

The investigator deduced that their personal interests had no bearing on their extrasensory

perception score. It declares that a subject may not have extrasensory perception despite having

unique hobbies. Despite this finding, a subject may still experience this based on their

independent variable as well as other variables before, during, and after the experiment. The

experiment's researcher feels secure in the knowledge that it might serve as a reference and

valuable paper for other researchers conducting similar research in the future.

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APPENDIX A: APPARATUS

Mongol 2 Pencil Pieces of Bond Paper

Folder Zend Cards

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APPENDIX B: Subject and Documentation

Subject A

Subject B

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APPENDIX C: Letter of Consent

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REFERENCES

Nwanegbo-Ben, J. (2019, January 1). Extrasensory Perception: Concept and History. Springer

eBooks. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10620-1_7

Trick or Treat? How Artificial Sweeteners Affect the Brain and Body. (n.d.). Frontiers for Young

Minds. https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2019.00051

How taste is perceived in the brain. (2016, May 4). National Institutes of Health (NIH).

https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-taste-perceived-brain

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