2.

2
History of Tourism
Planning Globally and
Domestically
 World Tourism Growth after WWII

Demand side

Development of Improvement of productivity Baby boom Improvement of transportation

economic and family income
 World Tourism Growth after WWII

Supply side

Government encouragement Development of scenic spots The rise of packaged tourism

Global History of Tourism Planning

1. Initial stage (1930s-late 1950s):

⚫ Tourism planning originated in England, France and Ireland before the WWII (mid-
1930s).

⚫ State Plan of Hawaii in 1959 is regarded as the pioneer of modern tourism planning
witnessed tourism planning becoming an important part of regional planning for the first
time.
Global History of Tourism Planning

2. Expansion stage (1960s-early 1970s):

⚫ The United Nations General Assembly stressed the importance of tourism planning in
1963.

⚫ Researches focused on the development and utilization of tourism resources ,

exploitation of new tourism area and reform of old tourism area , based on economic
perspective mostly .
Global History of Tourism Planning

3. Transition stage (1970s-1980s):

⚫ The World Tourism Organization(WTO) issued Integrated Planning and Inventory of

Tourism Development Plans.

⚫ In 1979 Clare Gunn published a milestone textbook, Tourism Planning. This book have
upgraded for four editions
Global History of Tourism Planning

4. Rapid development stage (1980s-1990s):

⚫ Researches focused on holistic and comprehensive tourism planning to mitigate

unpredictable socio-economic and environmental impacts and avoid potential problems
by controlling the development of tourism.

⚫ Researches begun to concern problems of environment, culture and society

⚫ UNWTO had published a number of publications showing the emphasis on planning
guidance and operability
Global History of Tourism Planning

5. Deep development stage (since 1990s):

⚫ Sustainable development has become a new concept in tourism policy and planning.

⚫ Bottom-up participation in planning replaces top-down and hierarchical approaches.

⚫ Integration of marketing and tourism planning.

Tourism Planning History in China (1978-2018)

⚫ Resource oriented (1978-1989)

⚫ Academic dominated (1990-2000)
⚫ Consulting company involved (2001-2014)
⚫ Tourism+ encouraged (Quanyu Tourism, 2015-)
 Tourism Planning History in China (1978-2018)

01 02 03 03

Resource oriented Academic dominated Consulting company involved Tourism+,Quanyu tourism

Slow development Market initiation Market boost Integrated Administration

Tourism Resource Academic and intl Tourism Planning Quanyu Tourism as a national
Inventory Category organizations play a main role. Regulation and strategy (2015)
Standard (1992) papers and books on tourism Qualification From sightseeing to holistic
planning theories and Required (2000) development
methods have been published
 Tourism Planning History in China (1978-2018)

Rural tourism
City tourism
Outdoor sports Heritage
Planning thoughts and contents changes

and health rejuvenation

Travel Patterns
MICE tourism

Leisure, recreation

Ecotourism, experience

sightseeing Culture tourism Nature tourism

1980s Late 1980s Early 1990s Late 1990s Early 21th century 21th century
Middle 1990s Early 21th century

Famous mountains Urban leisure destination and Outdoor leisure destination

Theme parks Holiday resorts Heritage sites
and ancient cities conference center Tourism cities

Popular tourism destination trends