PHYSICS FOR THE IB DIPLOMA: COURSEBOOK

Markscheme
1
a The total momentum stays the same when no external forces act on [2]
the system ✓
The carts exert equal and opposite forces on each other so the net
force is zero ✓
b ​6.0 × 3.0 + 0 = (3.0 + 6.0) × v ⇒ v = 2.0 m ​s​​ −1​​ ✓ [2]

​​ 1 ​ × 3.0 × ​6.0​​  2​ − __

Change in KE: __ ​  1 ​ × 9.0 × ​(2.0)​​  2​= 36 J​✓
2 2

2
a A very small percentage of the incident alpha particles were scattered [2]
at very large scattering angles ✓
This required a huge electric force that could only be provided if the
positive charge of the atom was concentrated in a very small, massive
object ✓
b I ​​  ​ ​Pu​​​ → 235
239
94
​  92​ ​U​​​ + 2​ 4​  α​​​​ [2]

Correct numbers for U✓

II ​235 × 7.5909 + 4 × 7.0739 − 239 × 7.5603​ ✓ [2]

5.25 MeV ✓

3
a In a transverse wave the displacement is at right angles to the [2]
direction of energy transfer ✓
In a longitudinal wave the displacement is parallel to the direction of
energy transfer ✓
b I ​λ = 0.30 m​✓ [2]
​v = fλ = 250 × 0.30 = 75 m s​ ​​ −1​​ ✓

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 PHYSICS FOR THE IB DIPLOMA: COURSEBOOK

II d /cm [2]

0 t /ms
1 2 3 4 5

22

24

Correct shape ✓
Correct period ✓
c I [1]
P
  ✓
II [1]
  ✓

4
a Luminosity also depends on area ✓ [2]
Star Z has a much larger area than X ✓
b I __ ​L​  ​​ 4πσ ​RZ​  2​​  ​TZ​  4​​ [3]
​​  Z ​ = ________
​  ​ = ​10​​  6​​ ✓
​LY​  ​​ 4πσ ​RY​  2​​  ​TY​  4​​
____________
​R​  ​​
√ ​  ​20000​​ 4 ​​ ​ ✓
4
__
​​  Z ​= ​ ​1
  0​​  6​ × ______
​RY​  ​​ ​2500​​  ​
= 6.4 × ​10​​  3​​
c I X: by radiation pressure caused by fusion reactions ✓ [1]
II Y: by electron degeneracy pressure ✓ [1]

5
a Uniform lines from left to right in the interior ✓ [2]
Edge effects ✓
b ​  240 −2 ​= 2.2 × ​10​​  4​ N ​C​​  −1​​ ✓
V ​ = ________
​E = ​ __ [1]
d 2.0 × ​10​​  ​
____
c [2]
_____ 2
2qV
1 ​​ ​​m v​​  2​​ ⇒ v = ​​ ____
qV = ​​ __ ​  m ​ ​​ ✓ √__
​vp​  ​​ ​qp​  ​​ ​mα​  ​​ __
__
α √
​​  v​ ​  ​​ ​= ​ ​ ____
q
​ α
​  ​​ ​ m√
p
​  ​​ ​ ​ = ​ ​  1 ​ ​ × 4 = √
__
2
​ 2 ​​ ✓

2 Physics for the IB Diploma – Tsokos © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2023
 PHYSICS FOR THE IB DIPLOMA: COURSEBOOK

6
a I ​N = 7.0 × 6.02 × ​10​​  23​= 4.2 × ​10​​  24​​ ✓ [2]

​4.2 × ​10​​  24​ × 3.0 × ​10​​  −30​= 1.3 × ​10​​  −5​ ​m​​  3​​ ✓
II RnT ​​ ✓
​V = ​ ____ [2]
P
8.31 × 7.0 × 270 ​= 5.2 × ​10​​  −2​ ​m​​  3​​ ✓
_____________
​ = ​   
V
3.0 × ​10​​  5​
III ​7 × 4 = 28 g​✓ [1]
b One of the assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases states that the [2]
volume of the molecules is negligible compared to the volume of the
gas ✓
​V​  ​​
​  1.3 × ​10​​  −2​​= 2.5 × ​10​​  −4​​, which is very small ✓
−5
Here ​​ ______
molecules
​ = ________
​Vgas
​  ​​ 5.2 × ​10​​  ​

c ​ ​  ​​
P ​ ​  ​​
P ​ ​  ​​
P [2]
​​ __1 ​ = __
​  2 ​ ⇒ ​T2​  ​​ = ​T1​  ​​ × __
​  2 ​​ ✓
​T1​  ​​ ​T2​  ​​ ​P1​  ​​
​  5.0 ​= 450 K​✓
​​T2​  ​​ = 270 × ___
3.0
d [1]
P

0
0 V

Vertical straight line ✓

e I 3 ​  RnΔT = __
​ΔU = ​ __ ​ 3 ​ × 8.31 × 7.0 × (450 − 270) = 15706 J​✓ [1]
2 2

II Realization that ​Q = ΔU​ ✓ [2]

c = ​​ ____ ​​     15705
Q ​​ = ________________ ​​ = 3.1 × ​​10​​  3​​ J ​​kg​​  −1​​ ​​K​​  −1​​ ✓
mΔT 0.028 × (450 − 270)

f hc ​​ ⇒ λ = __
E = ​​ __ ​​  hc ​​ ✓ [2]
λ E
1.24 × 1
​
_________
λ​ = ​  0​​  −6
​​= 666.6 ≈ 667 nm​✓
1.86

g I [2] max from [2]

max
Electromagnetic radiation with an infinite rage of wavelengths ✓
With a peak determined by temperature ✓
Radiation emitted by a body at some finite kelvin temperature ✓
Radiation with an intensity proportional to the 4th power of the kelvin
temperature ✓
II Helium has energy levels separated by 1.86 eV ✓ [3]
This energy difference is unique to helium ✓
The dip implies that photons of this energy are absorbed by helium ✓

3 Physics for the IB Diploma – Tsokos © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2023