DIABETES

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic non communicable disease found all over the world. This occurs
due to failure of cells of pancreas to produce sufficient insulin. Also, diabetes mellitus is a
disease in which the body’s ability to produce insulin is impaired, resulting in abnormal
metabolism of carbohydrate and elevated level of glucose in the blood .

TYPES
Type I or IDDM-This is insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, the beta cells of pancreas are unable to
produce insulin, which is vital to life.

Type II or NDDM- This is non-insulin dependent. This is a condition where the body cells is not able to
utilize the insulin produced by the pancreas.

Gestational diabetes-This type of diabetes occurs during pregnancy with blood glucose level above the
normal values

CAUSES
 Surgical removal of the pancreas
 Lack of exercise
 Viral infection
 Excessive intake of alcohol
 Socio economic factors
 Genes and family history
 Children of diabetic pregnancies are of risk of developing type II diabetes.

PREVETION AND CONTROLL OF DIABETES

 Is aimed of finding the high risk population and taking appropriate actions to prevent the
occurrence of diabetes mellitus in them. It involves guiding, consulting and health educating
people on prevention of diabetes mellitus
 Maintain normal body weight
 Avoid intake of alcohol and sweets
 Healthy eating habits
TREATMENT
Oral anti diabetic drugs are advised depending upon the glucose level

 Diet and physical exercise alone

 Diet, drugs and physical exercises
 Diet and insulin

ROUTINE CHECKUP
 Daily weight checking and recording
 Monitoring blood sugar level
 Urine for protein and ketone bodies
 Visual acquit test
 Regular examination of feet to access, loss of sensation the skin

SELF CARE
 To take medication regular in time
 Self-testing of urine and blood sugar
 Self-administration of insulin
 Regular physical activities and weight control
 Stop alcohol
 To carry a diabetic card that includes details of treatment, name and address and phone
number.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

 Nausea
 Confusion
 Feeling extremely hungry and thirsty
 Loss of weight
 Blurred vision
 Trembling
 Palpitation
 Fainting attack
 Frequent micturition
 Tiredness e.t.c.