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APRIL 2004 (Closed Door Materials)

Fluid Mechanics

1. The barometer reads 29 in. of mercury. What is the absolute pressure

reads 9.5 psi? Ans. 4.74 lbf/in2 (psia)

2. To what height will a barometer column rise if the atmospheric condition

are 13.9 psia and 68°F and barometer fluid is mercury? Ans. 28.3 in

3. Same. Fluid is water. Ans. 376.7

4. Same. Fluid is Ethyl Alcohol. Ans. 457.9 in

5. A Scuba diver 200ft. notices the bubbles. He exhales have diameter of ½

in. Assume the tension and water temperature remains relatively constant.
What diameter of the bubble should be exhaled at a depth of 50ft?
Ans. 0.794 in.

6. Same. What is the depth if the diameter is ¼ in. Ans. 1600ft.

7. Same. What is the pressure on the bubble. Ans. 101.4 lbf/in2

8. Same. What is the pressure on the bubble at a depth of 400 ft.

Ans. 188.0 lbf/ in2

9. Same. What is the pressure on the bubble at a depth of 50 ft. Ans. 36.4
lb/ in2

10. To what height will pure 60°F water rise in a 0.1 in diameter glass tube
open to the atmosphere to the other end? Ans. 0.46 in

11. 4.9 ft3 of water are compressed to 5000 psi.. What is the volume
decrease if the temperature is 60°F? Ans. 0.079 ft3

12. Find the speed of sound in 32°F water if the compressibility is 3.4 x 10-6
psi-1 . Ans. 4674 ft/sec

13. What is the sea level of liquid with density 1.95 slug/ ft3.
Ans. 62.8 lbf/ ft3

14. Same. Density is 58.3 lbm/ft3 . Ans. 58.3 lbm/ ft3

15. What is the velocity of sound in 150°F air at standard atmospheric
pressure? Ans. 1211 ft/sec

16. What is the pressure 8000ft. below the surface of the ocean. Neglect
compressibility. Ans. 512,000 lbf/ft2

17. What is the maximum height that a vacuum pump can lift 60°F(15°) water
if the atmospheric pressure is 14.6 psia (100.7 kPa) and the local gravity is
28ft/sec2 (8.5 m/sec2). Ans. 38.07ft

18. Assuming atmospheric condition at sea level are 14.7 psia and 50°F. What
is the expected pressure at 35000 ft. altitude. Assume the temperature
decreases 3.5 °F / 1000ft. altitude. Ans. 3.456psia

19. If atmospheric air is 14.7 psia and 60° F at sea level. What is the pressure
at 12,000 ft. Altitude if the air is incompressible? Ans. 8.34psia

20. Same. Compressed isothermally. Ans. 9.53psia

21. Same. Compressed adiabatically. Ans. 9.26 psia

22. A water pipe cubical box 12in. is made from ¼ in plate.(S.G 7.7) will the
box float? Ans. The box will float.

23. A 2000 lbm satellite with an average of 27 lbm/ft3

is in orbit where the local acceleration due to gravity is 30.6 ft/sec2 . If the
density at the atmosphere 0.011 lbm/ft3. What is the buoyant force on the
satellite? Ans. 0.744 lbf

24. An iceberg has a density of 57.1 lbm/ft3. If it floats in fresh water, what
percent of iceberg’s vlume will be visible? Ans. 8.5%

25. A cylindrical 1ft inch diameter 4ft. If the tank contains 3ft of water, what
rotational speed is required to spin the water out of the tank? Ans. 22.7
rad/sec

26. Ammonia at 20psia and 60F (ρ=0.0617 lbm/ft3) flows through the pipe. A
micromanometer measuring (open to the atmosphere) impact pressure
shows 160.0 inches of water. What is the velocity of the ammonia in the
pipe? Ans. 253.8 ft/sec

27. Difference bet stagnation and 70°F….14.7 psia static density pitot/static
tube 2 in mercury. Ans. Rel.V = 348.7 ft/sec

28. An oil w/ kinematic viscosity of 0.005 ft3/sec flows at 10ft/sec thru a 3 inch
pipe. What is the flow laminar of the…? Ans. The flow is laminar.
29. Water is flowing at 4m/sec through a long length of 4-inch schedule-40
steel pipe (D=0.102m, f=0.00602m, E = 2x1011) when a valve suddenly
closes completely. What is the theoretical increase in pressure?
Ans. 5.23x106Pa

30. Oil (ρ=55lbm/ft3=880 kg/m3) flows at 1ft/sec (0.3m/sec) through a 1-inch

(2.5 cm)-diameter pipe. A 0.2-inch (0.5cm) diameter orifice (Cp=0.6) is
installed What is the indicated pressure drop? Ans. 1482.7 lbf/ft3 (68.75
kPa)

31. A pump operates at 1770 rpm delivers 500gal/min against a total head of
200ft. Assume changes in the piping system have increased the total
head to 375ft. At what RPM should this pump operate to achieve this new
head at the same efficiency? Ans. 2424 rpm

32. A pump is needed to pump 10 ft3 / sec of jet fuel (S.G 0,.82) Over a total
head 150 ft. What is the size of the motor should be needed if the pump
efficiency is 80%. Ans. 200 HP motor should be chosen

33. A 50 HP motor 75% efficiency drives a 900 rpm pump 90% efficiency that
moves 5 ft3 /sec of gasoline. What is the specific speed? Ans. 1569rpm

34. A 50 HP motor (75% efficient) drives a 900-rpm pump (90% efficient) that
moves 5.0 feet/sec of gasoline (s.g = 0.728). Assuming no change in
efficiency. What is the sized would be required to move 8ft3 /sec of
gasoline? Ans. 204.8 HP

35. Water flows from a source. A reaction turbine exciting 625ft. lower. The
head loss is 58 ft. due to friction. The flow rate is 1000ft/sec nd the turbine
efficiency is 80%. What is the output power in KW? Ans. 4.27 x 104 KW.

36. A reaction turbine with a motor efficiency of 90% operates on a total head
of 40 ft. If it operates in 25% salt water (s.g 1.19). What is the expected
electrical output for a flow rate of 100 gal/min? Ans. 0.7248 KW

37. Same. But ….if the turbine turns 750 rpm. What is the specific speed?
Ans. 7.75

38. It is required to pump water at 100 gal/min from a large reservoir to the
surface of another reservoir 400ft higher. What is the horse power of the
motor to drive the pump, if efficiency of the pump is 70%? Ans. 14.44 HP

39. Same. But efficiency of pump is 70% if the motor is 3φ,220V, 60 Hz, 3φ
line at 75% and 80%. What would be the size of circuit breaker for line
protection? Ans. 125AT/225 AF, 3P, 240V.
40. A pump driven by 440V 3φ, induction motor, lifts 1100 ft3 water per min.
against a total head of 100 ft. of water. Coefficiencies of the pump and
water are 0.75 and 0.92 respectively. The pf of the motor is 0.9. What
would be the cost of operating this pump for 24/day duty power cost is P
0.30/KWHR. Ans. P 1620.00

41. Same. But. What is the line current formed by the motor. Ans. 328 A

42. A # inch diameter pipe 2000 ft long with friction factor of 0.020 carries
water from a reservoir and discharges freely at a pt. 100ft below the
reservoir’s surface level. Find the pump horsepower to double the gravity
flow. Ans. 21.20 hp

43. Water flows through a perfect nozzle in the side of a water tank. The water
is constant at 20 ft. What height should the nozzle be located to make the
steam flow a maximum horizontal distance before water strikes the
ground? Ans. Y=10 ft

44. A jet of water is discharged thru a 1 inch diameter orifice with a constant
head of 2.1ft. The total discharge is 228 lb-m in 90 sec. The jet is
observed to pass thru a point 2 ft downward and 4 ft away from vena
contrata. Comp. the coeff. Of contraction? Ans. Cc=0.656

45. Same but compute the coeff. Of velocity? Ans. 0.976

46. A cylindrical tank 20 ft diameter and 40 ft high has a 40 inch hole at the
bottom with a cd=0.98. How long will it take for the water to drop from 40ft
to 20 ft? Ans t = 28.26 min

47. A pipe necks down from 24 inches at point A to 12 inches at point B. The
discharge is 8 ft3/sec in the direction of A to B. The pressure head at A is
20 ft. assume no friction. Find the resultant force and its direction on the
fluid if water is flowing. Ans. 2896.6 lbf B to A.

48. What are is required to obtain a 5000 lbf lift at 90m/hr the density of air is
0.075 lbm/ft3 ? Ans. 492.8 ft2

49. A uniform area jet travels at 600 ft/sec and ft3/sec. What horizontal force
acts on the water jet if it undergoes a 90° turn? Ans. -1.16 x 105 lbf

50. A uniform area jet travels at 600 ft/sec and 100 ft3/sec. What horizontal
force acts on the water jet if it undergoes a 180° turn? Ans. -2.32 x 105
lbf.

51. A pump adds 550 feet of pressure head to 100 lbm/sec of water. What is
the hydraulic power in horsepower. Ans. 100hp
52. Same. But… What is the hydraulic power in KW. Ans. 74.6 KW

53. A 6 inch pump operating at 1770 rpm discharges 1500 gpm of cold water
(s.g. 1.0) against an 80 ft head at 85% efficiency. A homologous 8 inch
pump operating at 1170 rpm is being considered as a replacement. What
would be the new hp requirement? Ans. 43.4 hp

54. An open channel constructed of rubble mansonry (η = 0.017) is being

designed to carry 14 m3/sec on a 0.0001 slope. If the channel is to be
rectangular, what dimensions will minimize construction costs? Ans. W=
6.0 m, d= 3.0 m

55. The flow thru horizontal path of cross-sectional area 10 cm2 at 1 cross-
section. The cross sectional area is 5 cm2. The pressure difference
between the section is 300 N/m3. How many cubic meter of water will flow
out of the pipe in 1 minute. Ans. 0.0268 m3

56. A horizontal pipe of cross section 8 cm2 has a constriction of cross section
of 2 cm2. Gasoline flows in the larger pipe with a speed of 10cm/sec. What
is the speed in the constriction in cm/sec? Ans. 40 cm/sec

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