LINKERS AND CONNECTORS

So/ Consequently/ It was late, so I decided to take a taxi home.

As a result/ Therefore His wife left him. As a result, he became very
depressed.
Por lo tanto
Result
The storm was so terrible that the roofs were
So + adjective + that ripped off.
Adrián was such a handsome man that Cinta fell
Such (a/an) + adjective/ in love immediately.
noun + that Adrián is so handsome. Cinta fell in love
immediately.

Because / Since / As + verb

phrase (since + fecha/time Since we arrived late, all the best seats had been
reference) taken.

Cause and Desde

Reason
Because of / Due (jew) to +
noun We were unable to go by train because of the rail
strike.
Debido a

Although/ Even though/But Although the car is old, it is still reliable.

+ verb phrase

Aunque/ Pero

Despite / In spite of (+ Despite / In spite of the rain, I went for a walk.

noun) / (+ gerund) In spite of/ Despite feeling tired, Cinta went to
the disco.
a pesar de
Contrast
However, / Nevertheless

no obstante/sin embargo
Buying a house is expensive. However, it is a
On the other hand, good investment.

Por otro lado

Unless; Si no

When / While / After / Before While I was driving home, I saw a terrible
/ As soon as accident.
Time
Until; Hasta He went out after he had finished work.

By the time; Antes de By the time Cinta arrived home, Adriá had gone to
bed.

And/ In addition, /
Furthermore/ Moreover /
Addition
Besides/
In addition to / As well as
I don´t feel like going out tonight. Besides, there
is a good film on. She writes novels. In addition,
she also writes poetry.
They robbed a bank as well as a post office.
 Also / Too; Además They adore Indian food. I like Indian food, too.

In order (not) to / So as (not) Anita phoned me in order to recommend a film

to + inf/ to Para
Purpose
So that + subject + modal
verb + inf Para que
she had just seen.
I left early so that I would meet Dan at the
cinema on time.

Fill in the blanks with a suitable linker

Despite their parents’ opposition, Tom and Ann decided to get married.
We’ll leave the note on the table so that he can see it.
Even though I have a great respect (gran respecte) for him, I don't particularly like
him.
Tim isn't suitable (adequat) for the job. He's too old. Moreover, he isn't interested.
As there are no more questions to discuss, we can finish the meeting.
Brian is leaving the company because of/ due to his age.
The sweater was so big that I couldn’t wear it.
He worked for the same company all his life until he retired.
Linkers are quite difficult (bastant difícil) to learn. Nevertheless, they are worth
studying.
The temperature in Saudi Arabia can reach (pot arribar) 50º C. So, a lot of business
is done early in the day.
I failed the exam precisely because I didn´t have time to study.
John, as you speak French, I wondered (em preguntava) if I could ask you some
words.
Nora eats green vegetables because they are good for her health.
It was such a wonderful view than we were left speechless (bocabadats).
As, the teacher was out of the class, some pupils wrote a message on the board.
There's time to get a sandwich from the cafeteria by the time the next class begins.
The president was very unpopular. Consequently, his resignation did not come as a
surprise.
Tim has to go to the dentist because of an infected tooth.
I didn’t tell you in order not to make you angry.
It was such good cake that I couldn’t help eating it.
I´ll look after the children because you are making dinner.
She walked carefully (amb cura) because the streets were covered (coberts) in ice.
Although he lost a lot of blood, he is in stable condition.
She went to the supermarket in order to buy an ice- cream.
I understand your point of view. However, I don´t agree with it.
You know what is in the letter, so I won´t read it to you.
He raised (aixecar la veu/ augmentar) his voice so that he could be heard.
As/ Although we are here, let’s enjoy ourselves.
The rent for the building was reasonable (raonable). Furthermore, the location was
perfect.
He sat down so that he would have a rest.

Rewrite the following sentences using the conjunctions in

brackets

Since Bill had lived in Spain for six years, he spoke Spanish fluently (so)
Bill had lived in Spain for six years so he spoke Spanish fluently.

I am sick and tired of people phoning me during my favourite TV

programme. (while)
I am sick and tired of people phoning me while I am watching my favourite TV
programme.

I don´t know Helen very much. Nevertheless, I like her. (in spite of ) A pesar
de
In spite of not knowing about Helen, I like her.

The weather was very hot, so we all felt tired. (because) Porque
We felt tired because the weather was very hot

If you don’t want to wake up the baby, speak softly. (so as to) Para
Speak softly so as not to wake up the baby

We are old but we enjoy life. (despite) A pesar de

Despite being old, we can enjoy life

The game was so easy that even a child could play it. (such) tan
It was such an easy game than even a child could play it.

They opened the window because they didn’t want the smoke to go in the
kitchen. (so that) Para que
They opened the window so that the smoke wouldn’t go in the kitchen

He speaks Chinese and he can also read it. (furthermore) ademàs

He speaks Chinese. Furthermore, he can read it
I‘m going to do more sport because I want to lose some weight. (in order
to) para
I’m going to do more sport in order to lose some weight.

I worked hard, although I didn't get the results I expected. (nevertheless)

Sin embargo
I worked hard. Nevertheless, I didn’t get the results I expected.

It’s such a fantastic story that I can’t believe it. (so)

The story is so fantastic that I can’t believe it.

They acted quickly because they wanted to avoid confusion. (so that) Para
que
They acted quickly so that they would avoid confusion.

You seem to know so much about it. For this reason, I would like to hear
your version of the incident. (as)
As you seem to know so much about it, I would like to hear your version of the
incident.

You may not feel like doing it, but you should visit your aunt. (however) Sin
embargo
You may not feel like doing it, however, you should visit your aunt.

Let’s take a taxi. I want to arrive in time. (so that)

Let’s take a taxi so that I would arrive in time.

The paintings were so beautiful that I went to the museum twice. (such)
They were such beautiful paintings that I went to the museum twice.

The T-shirts were so cheap that we bought quite a lot. (such)

They were such cheap T-shirts that we bought quite a lot.

Tom is such a bad player that nobody wants him in their team. (so)
Tom is so bad that nobody wants him in their team.

Sara is so intelligent that everybody asks for her advice. (such)

Sara is such an intelligent person that everybody asks for her advice.