Weathering is the wearing away or disintegration of land in Situ and it can be

occurred chemically, physically or biotically while erosion is the wearing away of land

in Situ that is caused by natural agents such as wind, waves, water and ice.

Hydraulic action is when a parcel of air is trapped in a join of a cliff which

increases the pressure and over a period of time, weaken and break off

pieces of the rock and damages the sea.

Corrasion is the wearing away of the cliffs by sand, shingle or boulders

hurled against them by the waves. This is the most effective way of

erosion.
Water from rain enters into the cracks of rocks during the day when temperatures are high.

When the temperature drops below freezing point in the night, the water in the rocks freezes

and the ice expands and pressure is exerted on the rock. The ice melts during the day and as

this process is repeated it widens the crack of the rock and it starts to break off.

Hydrolysis is the chemical breakdown of a substance when combined with water. When it

rains, water seeps into the ground and comes into contact with granite rocks. The feldspar

crystals within the rock react with water and are chemically altered to form clay minerals

which weaken the rock.

Rock hardness and wave refraction results in the formation of headlands when the rocks of unequal

resistance are at a coastline. The softer, less resistance erodes faster than the more resistant rocks

that remain at a headline. As the waves erodes, the less resistance rock strata, a bay is formed with

two headlands on either side.

 2% of global energy comes from hydro.

Oil is the greatest contributor to world energy.

Nuclear accounts for six percent of global energy

27%
 Primary economic activities are the extractive industries that deals with the extraction of

raw materials to make goods such as mining, fishing and agriculture while tertiary

economic activities are the service industries that sells the goods that were made using

the raw materials and give the high economic value. For example, retail, tourism and medical

services.

Two extractive industries found in the Caribbean are oil and gas and mining.

Oil and gas exists in Trinidad and mining exists in Guyana on a large scale.
Two benefits that are derived from the development of the manufacturing sector in Caribbean

countries are it creates jobs and employment for those who need to pay government taxes s

since these taxes are used to provide services such as health and education. Another

benefit is that it allows for agriculture to become more popular and a vital way to earn income

since it is needed to get crops for food processing and it provides food for families and it

helps countries become more economically developed.

 The Bahamas has the largest area of coral reefs.

The area of the coral reefs in Belize is 1420 km2.

Barbados has the highest percentage of its reefs at high rish of destruction.

Antigua and Barbuda has approximately half of its reefs at high risk of destruction.

The Bahamas has been the most successful in limiting the effects of human activity on
its coral reefs.
Two conditions that are necessary for the successful formation of coral reefs in the

Caribbean are temperature since tropical corals live in seawater which has an average

temperature of 180c and over and the ideal temperature is 230c and 250c. This means that

corals reefs that are found in tropical latitudes. Another condition is depth since corals feed

on tiny algae and they need light in order to photosynthesize and grow. Therefore if not enough

light can penetrate through the water, there will be no algae.