1

VICTORY 2024
Current Electricity
Q ne
Current Rate of flow of charge I = =
t t
1C
Unit of current Ampere =1 CS–1
1S

Unit of charge Coulomb

If n electrons pass through a cross
section of a conductor in time t, then the
total charge passed through the
Flow of current conductor is given as
Q=n×e
n×e
I=
t
Direction of flow of charge when two
Potential
conductors are places in contact.
It is the amount of work done in bringing
Potential at a point a unit positive charge from infinity to
that point
W 1 Joule 1
Potential at a point V= Unit is volts 1 Volt = =
Q 1 Coulomb C
Pd between two points is the work done
W
Potential difference in moving a unit positive charge from Va – Vb =
Q
one point to the other
Resistance and its relation 1
with length and area of R
a
cross section
Current flowing in a conductor is
directly proportional to the potential
Ohms law difference across its ends provided the v = IR
physical conditions and the temperature
of the conductor remain constant
Specific resistance or l
R=  Where  is the specific resistance
resistivity a
 2

8.2 Electro-Motive force, terminal voltage and internal resistance of a cell

Where no current is drawn from a

cell that is the cell is open, the
Electromotive force
potential difference between the
(EMF)
terminal o the cell is called
electro motive force ()
The EMF of a cell
is defined as the
energy spent per W
unit charge in  =
q0
taking a positive
charge around the
complete circuit
When current is drawn from a
cell when the cell is in closed
circuit. The potential difference
Terminal voltage of between the electrodes is called
a cell terminal voltage
Wr
V=
q0
Voltage drop in a
 = V +v or V =  –v
cell

Representation of a
cell with internal
resistance

Effective resistance R = R1 + R2
Resistors in series
+ ... Rn

Effective resistance formula

Resistor in Parallel 1 1 1 1 1
= + + + ....
R R1 R R2 Rn

PW Web/App - https://smart.link/7wwosivoicgd4

Library- https://smart.link/sdfez8ejd80if