An Introduction

What is an ‘Automobile’?
➢ The automobile is a self-propelled vehicle that
travels on land. It usually has four wheels.
➢ Automobile is a type of motor vehicle. This
name is given to any self-propelled vehicle that
does not run on rails.
➢ Two other types of motor vehicles are the truck
and the bus.
➢ Motor vehicles are also called automotive
vehicle.
History
 The automobile has been around for more than
100 years.
 The first automobiles were horse-drawn buggies
and carriages powered by gasoline-fueled engines
instead of horses.
 They were called gas buggies and horseless
carriages.
 The early engines were of one cylinder and could
produce one or two horsepower.
 History
 The first automobile was a gas buggy built by Karl
Benz in Germany in 1885 and 1886.
 It had three wheels.
 History
 In 1895 Henry Ford, Ransom Olds, and others built
cars in United States.
 1908 Ford first produced Model T Ford on the
modern assembly line. During next 20 years 15
million T Fords were sold.
 Ford is the oldest company that manufactures
automobile.
 Basic Construction
What are the basic parts of an automobile?
 About 15,000 separate parts are put together to
make an automobile.
 There are variety of shapes and sizes of
automobiles. But all of them have some basic parts
and systems that are controlled by ECM.
 Electronic Control Modules.
 Basic Construction
 The basic systems are

o Engine, o Braking System

o Power Train, o Electrical System,
o Suspension System, o Control System,
o Steering System, o Body, etc.
 Basic Construction

 Most of the parts are at the front of the vehicle,

Such as,
o Compressor,
o Alternator,
o Power steering pump,
o Starting motor,
o Supercharger/Turbocharger, etc.
 Basic Construction

 Some supporting engine systems are;

o Fuel system, o Lubricating system,
o Ignition system, o Cooling system,
etc.
 Regulations for Automobiles
What are the areas of laws that affect the
construction, operation, and service of automobiles?

 There three basic areas:

 Automotive air pollution,

 Automotive safety, and
 Automotive fuel economy.
Let us discuss about these sectors
 Regulations for Automobiles

Automotive Air Pollution

 In 1963 Clean Air Act was passed, and the Environment Protection
Agency (EPA) set the emission standard and the emission control devices
came into play.

Automotive Safety
 In 1966 National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act was passed.
 These safety items fall into three classes;
o Crash avoidance,
o Occupant protection, and
o Post crash protection.
 Regulations for Automobiles

Automotive Fuel Economy

 Energy Policy and Conservation Act was passed in
1975 and Corporate Average Fuel Economy
(CAFÉ) was the standard. In 1980 the CAFÉ
standard was 20 mpg, in 1990 it was 27.5 mpg.
 In 1978 Energy Tax Law was passed which places a
Gas Guzzler Tax on cars for not meeting the
minimum standard.
Fundamentals of Engine Operation
What type of fuel is used in automobile?

➢ These are mainly hydrocarbons.

Classify automotive engines.

What are the types of engine on the basis of ignition?

▪ SI and CI engines.
▪ Differences between them are;
o The type of fuel used,
o The way the fuel gets into the system,
o The way the fuel is ignited.
Engine Construction
What are the basic elements of an automotive engine?

 The basic elements of an engine are;

o Cylinder block,
o Piston and piston rings,
o Valves and valve trains,
o Connecting rod,
o Crank shaft…………………………….
 Rotary Engine

What is a rotary engine?

 An engine where the rotors spin to produce power is

called rotary engine.
 There are two types of this this engine.
o Gas-turbine
o Wankel engine.
Wankel Engine
Wankel Engine
Wankel Engine Operation:
 Good Bye

We Do not inherit the world from

our parents,
We borrow it from
our children.

Have a Nice Day