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Atoms, Molecules,
and Ions
A t o m i c S t r u c t u r e
F o r m u l a s a n d N a m e s o f C o m p o u n d s

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Learning of Objectives
1.Recognize common isotopes and their uses.
2.Represent compounds using chemical
formulas, structural formulas and models
3.Name compounds given their formula and
wr i t e f o r m u l a g i v e n t h e n a m e o f t h e
compound.

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Pre-Assessment
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1.) Which process is a chemical change?
A.heating to boiling
B.slicing into two pieces
C.burning in air
D.dissolving in alcohol

2.) W hich of the following is an example of an element ?

A.soil
B.Water
C.sugar
D . o x yg e n 3 3
Pre-Assessment
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3.) Which is the most suitable separation method can be used to
separate a mixture of different colored ink?
a. chromatography
b. evaporation
c. distillation
d. Filtration

4.) Which is the most suitable separation method can be used to

separate the mixture of liquids in crude oil ?
A. distillation
B. chromatography
C. evaporation
D. fractional distillation

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Pre-Assessment
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5. What is the chemical formula of chalk ?
A. CaCO3
B. CaCO
C. COOH
D. CaCO

6 . To n y S t a r k , a c o n s u m e r w i t h l i g h t c o l o r e d h a i r, w o u l d l i k e
to buy shampoo but he saw that it contains high amounts of
s u l f a t e . W h a t s h o u l d To n y d o ?
A. buy the shampoo
B. find a sulfate free shampoo
C. test the shampoo
D. find alternatives to shampoo

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ISOTOPES
• Atoms of an element have a constant or fixed number of protons. The atomic number gives the
number of protons in the nucleus of the atom. For the neutral atom, the number of protons is
equal to the number of its electrons. The atomic number is often represented by the symbol Z.
Z = nuclear charge = number of protons = number of electrons in neutral form
• The mass number is represented by the symbol A. The sum of the number of protons and
neutrons is called the mass number. An atom may be represented by the nuclear symbol AZE
where:
E = symbol of the element
A = mass number
Z = atomic number
A = number of protons (Z) + number of neutrons
The protons and neutrons are collectively called nucleons

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ISOTOPES
• Let us look at some examples of nuclear symbols of elements.
2412 Mg (Magnesium)
Atomic number (Z)=12
# of protons: 12
# of electrons: 12
Number of neutrons: (A-Z)
(24-12) = 12

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Activity 1: Subatomic Particles
Directions: Complete the table below by supplying the correct quantity or
number of particles. The example before may be used as a guide.

Element Atomic Mass Atomic No. of No. of No. of

Number Protons Neutrons Electrons

Phosphorus 31 15

Barium 56 81

Chromium 28 24

Bismuth 209 83

Magnesium 12 12

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• John Dalton’s atomic theory states that all atoms of an element have
the same mass. However, modern science and techniques, isotopes
have been discovered. This discovery revised Dalton’s statement that atoms of
the same element have the same mass numbers. In other words, isotopes are
atoms of the same element but has different numbers of neutrons.

• For example, all carbon atoms (Z=6) have 6 protons as well as electrons, but only
98.89% of naturally occurring carbon atoms have 6 neutrons (A=12).

• Problem: Silicon (Si) is a major component in semiconductor chips. It has three

naturally occurring isotopes, 28Si, 29Si, and 30Si. Determine the number of
protons, neutrons, and electrons in each silicon isotope.
28Si has 14 protons, 14 electrons, and 14 neutrons (28-14)
29Si has 14 protons, 14 electrons, and 15 neutrons (29-14)
30Si has 14 protons, 14 electrons, and 16 neutrons (30-14)

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Activity Do itMaster title style
Yourself
• Directions: Using the sample before, determine the number of protons, neutrons,
and electrons in these problems. Encircle and put a label on each subatomic particle.

A. 115 ”Q”
Solution and Answer

B. 4120 “R”
Solution and Answer

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C. 13153 ”X”
Solution and Answer

D. What elements do Q, R, and X represent?

1111
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COMMON CHEMICAL SUBSTANCE

• Previously, we have learned how the different properties of matter as well
as its composition. We have also discussed separation techniques in
different mixtures. Now, as we’re already talking about substances and
mixtures, let’s take a look at common chemical substances and we will try
to recognize them as well as compare consumer products on the basis of
their components for use, safety, quality, and cost.

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• ACTIVITY 2.1.
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Directions: Using your periodic table or your prior knowledge,
name the following elements in the periodic table.

Element Symbol Element Name Element Symbol Element Name

1. Cl 8. Ir

2. Sn 9. Mg

3. Ti 10. Be

4. V 11. Rn

5. Sb 12. F

6. Kr 13. B

7. Xe 14. Tl
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ACTIVITY 2.2.
Click
Directions: to
Usingedit Master
various search engines,title style
books, and the Internet,
research the name or the formula of the different compounds. #1 will
serve as an example.

COMMON NAME
COMPOUNDS (FORMULA)
1. 𝐻2 𝑂 Dihydrogen oxide (water)
2. 𝑆𝑂3
3. 𝐶𝐻4
4. 𝑁𝐻3
5. 𝑁2 𝑂
6. 𝐾2 𝑆𝑂4
7. 𝐻2 𝑂2
8. Hydrofluoric Acid
9. Hypobromous Acid
10. NO 1414
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COMMON NAME
COMPOUNDS (FORMULA)

11. 𝑀𝑛𝑆𝑂4

12. Perchlorate

13. Cyanide

14. 𝐵𝑎𝑂2

15. 𝑁𝑎𝑁𝑂2

16. 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂3

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