12.

3 Transforming shape
You can use a combination of reflections,translations and rotations to transform a shape.
You can also describe the transformation that maps an object onto its image.
To describe a reflection you must give· • the equation of the mirror
line. To describe a t ranslation you mmt give: • the column vector.
To de-;cribe a rotation you must give: • the centre of rotation
• the number of degrees of the rotation (or fraction
of a whole turn)
• the direction of the rotation (clockwise or anticlockwise).

r Note that when a rotation is 180° (half a turn) you do not need to give
the direction of the rotation as theimage of the object will be the same
whether you
rotate it clockwise or anticlockwise.
(Worked example 12.J ) --------------------

The diagram <,how; triangles A. B. C and 0. ,.

a Draw the image of triangle A after a reflection
in the r-axls followed by a rotation '}0° ..
clockwise, centre (-1, 1). Labelthe image f. 3
b Describe the transformation that transforms: 2
i triangle A to triangle
B Ii triangle B to
triangle C Iii triangle C
to triangle D.
a First reflect triangle A in the y-axis to give the blue t
riangle shown on the diagram. Then rotate the blue
triangle 90° clockwise about (-1,1), shown by a red
dot, to give the red triangle.
Remember to label the final triangle E.

b i Triangle A to triangle B is a reflection in the line y .. 1, shown in orange.

II Triangle B to triangle C Is a rotation 90° anticlockwise,centre (1, -3),shown by a pink
dot.
Ill Triangle C to triangle D is a translation two squares left and three squares up,so the
column 1ectoris (- }
 12.4 tma rgmg srra
Whe11 you enlarge a shape, all the lengths of the sides of the shape increase in the same
proportion. iliis is called the scale factor. All the angles in th e shape stay the same size.
When you describe an enlargement you must give:• the scale factor of the enlargement
• the position of the centre of enlargement.

(Worked example 12-4 )

a The diagram s h ows a

,. b The diagram shows two triangles A and B.
trapezi u11.
4
3

-2

Draw a'l enlargement of the trape1L1m, ·.-;i\h scale

Triangle B is an enlargement of triangle A.
factor 3 and centre of enlargement (-1, -2).
Descrbe tne enlargement
 First, mark the centre of enlargement at (-3, -2), shown as a
red dot on the diagram. The closest vertex of the trapezium is
one square up from the centre of enlargement.
On the enlarged trapezium this vertex will be three squares up
from the centre of enlargement (shown by the red arrows).
Mark this vertex on the diagram then complete the trapezium
by
drawing each side with length three times that of the original.

b
First, work out the scale factor of the enlargement.
Compare matching sides of the triangles, for example,the two
sides shown by the red arrows. In triangle A, thelength is 2
squares and in triangle B thelength is 4 squares.
4 + 2 = 2, so the scale factor is 2.
Now find the centre of enlargement by drawing lines (rays)
through the matching vertices of the triangles,shown by the
t t j
blue lines. The blue lines all meet at (4, 3).
So, the enlargement has scale factor 2, centre (4, 3).