Chapter II

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This section comprises the review of related literature and studies on the effective

ways for grade 12 academic strand students in DLANHS to achieve academic goals. The

information presented are gathered from online sources and studies. The researcher’s study is

anchored on these materials as these provide significant information needed to fully

understand the existing literatures related to the study at hand.

Review of Related Literature

A student's capacity to achieve academic goals. is crucial since they give them the

tools to not only overcome current difficulties but also to build their confidence in order to

pursue their long-term ambitions. In order to predict academic success, we looked at resource

management, cognitive-metacognitive methods, and motivational orientations. The

achievement goal inventory. Implicit theories of intelligence scale, motivated strategies

learning questionnaire, and self-reported grade point average were all completed by

undergraduates (407) in this study. A MANCOVA (controlling for sex and age) revealed that

high self-efficacy students pursued mastery goals involving challenge and gaining new

knowledge as well as performance goals involving good grades and outperforming others

while low self-efficacy students tended to believe intelligence is innate and unchangeable.

Self-efficacy, effort management, and help-seeking were also found to predict 18% of the

variance in GPA according to hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Interesting, the

association between self-efficacy and GPA was partially mediated by effort regulation. In

general, self-efficacious students succeed academically because they self-regulate, self-

monitor, and act on their impulses Komarraju, M., & Nadler, D. (2013).
 Interaction in one's family at home serves as the foundation for learning.

According to Rafiq.et al. (2013), the advancement of civilization depends on education. A

society will likely be more civilized and well-behaved if its citizens have greater education.

Families are mostly responsible for socializing kids so they can grow up to be good citizens.

The more parents participate in the process of educating their children, the more likely it is

that the kids will succeed in school and grow up to be contributing members of society. It has

been claimed that students' academic success may not only be influenced by the caliber of

their institutions and the Teachers, rather than the degree of parental participation, have a

crucial role to play in their students' academic success. The goal of this research is to

determine whether there is any connection between the level of parental participation in the

academic pursuits of their kids and the degree of their academic success. transitioning from

young adolescents, the transition from middle school to secondary school can be difficult and

stress. Students are transitioning into a stage of development where their physical, cognitive,

emotional, and social traits are starting to develop. Students in secondary schools encounter

both a contextual change and a change in one's self during this transition. For students, their

families, and other people involved, this is frequently a challenging moment. Adults who

want to promote their healthy development and learning are present in their lives. Secondary

education instruction compared to elementary school, the setting could be more complex, and

academic achievement standards might rise. When families are stable, children are more

likely to exhibit improved behavior and higher academic success levels participating in their

schooling.

Senior high school may be exciting and draining at the same time. Marquez

(2017) provided 24 suggestions that will help you cope with the difficulties and demands of

being a senior high school student. Examine your inclinations and skills, interests, and career

options to make an informed selection regarding your SHS track and strand. In this week's
Senior High School Essentials, we take a look at ways you can improve your communication

skills and make the most of each opportunity to showcase your abilities. Take a deep breath,

step back for a moment, and find a brief moment to relax whenever you feel that life is

almost like hell due to demanding academic burdens.

There are 5 strategies for academic success. According to Bakken and Levy,

identifying your strengths and learning how to use them successfully can have a bigger

impact on success and wellbeing. Managing your time well is a key factor in achieving your

goals. The best approach to guarantee success is to feel good about what you're doing (2013).

Manage your time by creating a daily or weekly routine that includes set times

for studies. Make a list of key points and concepts. If your professor allows it, record

lectures for later review. When going over your notes, don't just read them try summarizing,

linking concepts, explaining the material, and quizzing your peers there are numerous note-

taking methods, so find one that works for you. Set a goal if you're working on a 10-page

research paper, to finish the thesis or outline by the end of the day, or to reach a certain word

count by the end of the week. Just be realistic about how much you want to accomplish and

limit yourself to 4-5 checkpoints per day you're only human, after all. This was something I

realized fairly late in my academic career: learn for the sake of learning. not for the letter

grade. The stress of wanting to ace that exam is often counterproductive. Strive to do well,

but rather than focusing on test results, find value in what you're learning, both personally

and in a broader or long-term context. Your grades do not define who you are or will become

indefinitely. This shift in perspective made my classes more enjoyable and, ironically,

improved my grades. Include ways to stay active in your studies. Regular exercise This will

not only helps you de stress and stay healthy, but it also improves your verbal memory and

thinking skills. Don't overwork yourself Include 15-minute breaks in your long-term study

sessions. Relax with your friends and give yourself a reward for your hard work. Do
something that makes you happy every day, whether it's watching a YouTube video or going

for a walk your studies to disconnect and care for you. Remember to schedule time away

from mental health-and never underestimate the power of a good night's sleep. Determine

what works best for you. Finally, there is no magic formula for acing that assignment or

exam-it all comes down to figuring out what works for you de stress and stay healthy, but it

also improves your verbal memory and thinking skills.

Tips for Success in Education Objectives. According to the Indeed Editorial Team

(2020), this includes creating and monitoring your own learning objectives, controlling your

stress, being receptive to fresh perspectives, and imagining a successful outcome. Stay

tenacious. The ability to adjust when faced with a challenge is referred to as "resilience." In

order to find a way to get past a challenge or difficulty, it's critical to acknowledge it. Finding

a sense of purpose in your life, establishing strong networks, embracing change, and honing

your problem-solving abilities are a few strategies to help you become more resilient.

Spending time reading can aid in the development of critical thinking abilities, which are

necessary for making well-informed decisions. Reading calls for different types of thought

and information processing than you might find in other forms of entertainment. On any

subject that interests you, you can read fiction, autobiographies, or journals. To keep your

attention on the text as you read, make notes and create a good study routine. Developing

effective study habits is one of the key components of academic success. You can improve

your competence, confidence, and self-esteem by establishing and maintaining good study

habits.

Review of Related Studies

Sarmiento and Olarte (2016) conducted a journal of academic research. The study is a

review of the literature on the senior high school (SHS) curricula in the Philippines, Japan,
and the US for basic education (k–12). The review's findings demonstrate that the SHS

curriculum is designed to prepare students for entry into college or university, for careers in

industry, or for entrepreneurship. All of the basic education programs of the nations under

review end with the SHS program. With at least four tracks (academics, tech-voc, sports, and

arts & design) and at least ten strands, the Philippines has a clearer model. Japan offers two

academic and technical career pathways. Similar to its SHS curriculum, the US basic

education system differs from state to state. There is no set course because it is up to each

state and its educational districts to select. There are schools that are purely academic, tech-

voc, and other types. Most pupils who select the academic path are those who intend to attend

college. Tech-voc and other courses still carry a stigma since they are frequently associated

with troubled or underachievers pupils. Despite the rise in need for qualified workers,

enrollment in tech-vocational institutions in the US is dropping. The three nations still have a

problem finding suitable teachers. The reality of this situation in the Philippines as the SHS

program was launched there in June 2016. Other issues include the requirement to build a

sizable number of facilities and classrooms. All of these are being done right now likewise

addressed by the government.

Achieving optimal academic performance necessitates more than just high-quality

instruction and the necessary mental ability on the part of students: it necessitates personal

initiative, diligence, and self-direction. Self-regulated learning research arose from efforts to

comprehend the nature and origins of these forms of student proactivity, and it has revealed

evidence of a significant correlation between their use and academic achievement. Self-

regulation refers to self-generated thoughts, feelings, and actions that are planned and

cyclically adapted to achieve personal objectives (Schunk & Zimmerman, 1994). Because the

use of self-regulatory processes, such as goal setting, the use of learning strategies, and self-

monitoring, necessitates both time and effort, a second critical issue in comprehending
students' initiative to excel academically is their sources of motivation. It has been proposed

that students' sense of personal agency over the quality of their performance plays an

important self-motivational role (Bandura,1997). This is study is important because it is

relevant to the topic and it gives ways for students in academic strand to achieve academic

goals. The study mentioned goal setting, the use of learning strategies, and self-monitoring,

necessitates both time and effort, a second critical issue in comprehending students' initiative

to excel academically is students’ sources of motivation.

Self-efficacy is an important self-motivational variable that refers to beliefs about

one's ability to organize and implement actions required to achieve a specified level of skill

for specific tasks. This chapter examines research indicating that academic excellence, like

other forms of exemplary achievement, is dependent on self-regulation expertise and

supportive motivational beliefs, particularly perceived efficacy (Bandura, 1997; Pajares &

Miller, 1994; Zimmerman, 1995).

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