Military Rule in Pakistan:

1. Ayub Khan (1958-1969):

 Ayub Khan seized power in a coup in 1958 and ruled until 1969 when he faced
increasing public discontent, leading to his resignation.
2. Yahya Khan (1969-1971):
 Yahya Khan succeeded Ayub Khan and ruled until 1971. His tenure was marked by the
separation of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) in 1971.
3. Zia-ul-Haq (1977-1988):
 Zia-ul-Haq took power in a coup in 1977 and remained in office until his death in a plane
crash in 1988.
4. Pervez Musharraf (1999-2008):
 Pervez Musharraf seized power in a coup in 1999 and ruled until 2008. He stepped down
in the face of increasing opposition.

Democratically Elected Governments Completing Their Terms:

1. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (1971-1977):
 Bhutto was elected as Prime Minister in 1971, but his term was cut short by a military
coup in 1977.
2. Benazir Bhutto (1988-1990):
 Benazir Bhutto became the Prime Minister in 1988, but her government was dismissed in
1990 on charges of corruption.
3. Nawaz Sharif (1990-1993):
 Nawaz Sharif was elected as Prime Minister in 1990, but his government was dismissed
in 1993 on corruption charges.
4. Benazir Bhutto (1993-1996):
 Benazir Bhutto returned to power in 1993, but her government was dismissed in 1996 on
charges of corruption.
5. Nawaz Sharif (1997-1999):
 Nawaz Sharif was elected for a second term in 1997, but his government was ousted in a
military coup in 1999.

Post-2008 Democratically Elected Governments:

1. Yousaf Raza Gillani (2008-2012):
 Gillani served as Prime Minister from 2008 to 2012, but his government faced
challenges, and he was disqualified by the Supreme Court.

2. Nawaz Sharif (2013-2017):

 Nawaz Sharif became Prime Minister for the third time in 2013, but his government was
cut short when he was disqualified by the Supreme Court in 2017.
3. Shahid Khaqan Abbasi (2017-2018):
  Shahid Khaqan Abbasi served as Prime Minister after Nawaz Sharif's disqualification
until the general elections in 2018.
Imran Khan(2018-2022):
Imran Khan succeeded in 2018 elections and became prime minister. Imran Khan is an
antiestablishment politician in Pakistan who in 2022 became the first prime minister (2018–22)
to be removed by a parliamentary vote.
No Prime Minister in Pakistan had completed a full term in office without facing dismissal,
removal, or other disruptions.

Military Rule:

1. Ayub Khan (1958-1969): Ayub Khan took control in 1958 through a coup d'état, overthrowing the
civilian government. He implemented a series of economic and administrative reforms during his
rule, known as the "Ayubian Era." However, dissatisfaction grew, leading to protests and ultimately
his resignation in 1969.
2. Yahya Khan (1969-1971): Yahya Khan assumed power after Ayub Khan's resignation. His tenure
witnessed the separation of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) in 1971 following a brutal war of
independence. This led to the end of Yahya Khan's rule.
3. Zia-ul-Haq (1977-1988): General Zia-ul-Haq seized power through a coup in 1977, ousting Prime
Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. Zia implemented conservative policies and held power until his death in
a plane crash in 1988.
4. Pervez Musharraf (1999-2008): General Pervez Musharraf came to power in a bloodless coup in
1999, overthrowing the government of Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. His rule lasted until 2008 and
was marked by both economic and political reforms. However, he faced criticism for his autocratic
measures.

Democratically Elected Governments Completing Terms:

1. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (1971-1977): Bhutto became the first civilian president after the resignation of
Yahya Khan. He introduced populist measures but faced political unrest. His government was
dismissed in 1977, leading to Zia-ul-Haq's takeover.
2. Benazir Bhutto (1988-1990, 1993-1996): Benazir Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's daughter, became
the first female Prime Minister of Pakistan in 1988. Her first term was cut short in 1990, but she
returned to power in 1993 for a second term. Political and economic challenges led to her
government's dismissal in 1996.
3. Nawaz Sharif (1990-1993, 1997-1999): Nawaz Sharif served as Prime Minister in the early 1990s
and then returned for a second term in 1997. His government faced various challenges, and he was
eventually ousted in a coup by Pervez Musharraf in 1999.
4. Asif Ali Zardari (2008-2013): After Benazir Bhutto's assassination in 2007, her husband Asif Ali
Zardari led the Pakistan People's Party (PPP) to victory in the 2008 elections. He completed his term
as president until 2013.
5. Nawaz Sharif (2013-2017): Nawaz Sharif returned to power in 2013 after winning the general
elections. His government faced challenges and was ultimately disqualified in 2017 by the Supreme
Court over corruption charges.
6. Imran Khan(2018-2022):
Imran Khan succeeded in 2018 elections and became prime minister. Imran Khan is an
antiestablishment politician in Pakistan who in 2022 became the first prime minister
(2018–22) to be removed by a parliamentary vote.
No Prime Minister in Pakistan had completed a full term in office without facing
dismissal, removal, or other disruptions.

These historical events provide a snapshot of Pakistan's political history, with a mix of military and
civilian rule, reflecting the complex dynamics of the country's governance. It's essential to consult the
latest sources for any developments beyond my last knowledge update in January 2022.
MS
You
give synonyms to difficult words
ChatGPT
ChatGPT
Certainly! Here are synonyms for some common difficult words:

1. Ubiquitous:
 Widespread
 Pervasive
 Omnipresent
 Everywhere
2. Benevolent:
 Kind
 Compassionate
 Generous
 Charitable
3. Ephemeral:
 Transient
 Short-lived
 Fleeting
 Temporary
4. Ubiquitous:
 Pervasive
 Commonplace
 Everywhere
 Omnipresent
5. Exacerbate:
 Aggravate
 Intensify
 Worsen
  Escalate
6. Mellifluous:
 Harmonious
 Melodious
 Dulcet
 Musical
7. Eloquent:
 Articulate
 Expressive
 Persuasive
 Fluent
8. Esoteric:
 Abstruse
 Cryptic
 Obscure
 Recondite
9. Precarious:
 Unstable
 Unsteady
 Perilous
 Risky
10. Equivocate:
 Ambiguity
 Hedge
 Prevaricate
 Dodge
11. Ineffable:
 Indescribable
 Unutterable
 Unspeakable
 Inexpressible
12. Penchant:
 Inclination
 Predilection
 Preference
 Fondness
13. Quixotic:
 Idealistic
 Impractical
 Visionary
 Unrealistic
14. Verbose:
 Wordy
 Prolix
 Long-winded
  Loquacious
15. Pernicious:
 Harmful
 Destructive
 Detrimental
 Injurious

Periods of Military Rule in Pakistan:

1. 1958-1971 (General Ayub Khan):

 Rise to power: General Ayub Khan staged a coup against President Iskander Mirza, citing
corruption and political instability.
 Key policies: Focused on economic development through infrastructure projects and
industrialization. Implemented land reforms and introduced a new constitution in 1962.
 End of rule: Growing public dissatisfaction with martial law and economic disparities led to
mass protests, culminating in Khan's resignation in 1971.
2. 1977-1988 (General Zia-ul-Haq):
 Rise to power: General Zia-ul-Haq overthrew Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in a bloodless
coup, citing political turmoil and accusations of rigging elections.
 Key policies: Implemented harsh Islamicization measures, including the Hudood Ordinances,
which attracted international criticism. Supported the mujahideen fighting against the Soviet
Union in Afghanistan.
 End of rule: Died in a plane crash in 1988, paving the way for a transition to democracy.
3. 1999-2002 (General Pervez Musharraf):
 Rise to power: General Pervez Musharraf toppled Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif in a bloodless
coup, citing corruption and incompetence.
 Key policies: Initially focused on economic reforms and counterterrorism efforts. Later faced
international pressure to restore democracy.
 End of rule: Resigned in 2008 under political and legal pressure, paving the way for democratic
elections.
4. 2007-2008 (General Pervez Musharraf):
 Rise to power: Suspended the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, triggering widespread
protests and legal challenges, ultimately leading to his resignation as President in 2008.
 Democratically Elected Governments Completing Terms:

1. 1971-1977 (Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto):

 First elected Prime Minister of Pakistan after the 1971 war with India.
 Focused on socialist reforms and nationalization of industries.
 Toppled in a military coup by General Zia-ul-Haq in 1977.
2. 1988-1990 (Benazir Bhutto):
 First female Prime Minister of Pakistan, daughter of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto.
 Elected after the death of General Zia-ul-Haq.
 Dismissed by President Ghulam Ishaq Khan in 1990 on corruption charges.
3. 1997-1999 (Nawaz Sharif):
 Second term as Prime Minister after Benazir Bhutto's government.
 Focused on economic development and improved relations with India.
 Toppled in a military coup by General Pervez Musharraf in 1999.
4. 2008-2013 (Yusuf Raza Gilani):
 Elected after the military government of Pervez Musharraf.
 Focused on improving relations with the United States and fighting terrorism.
 Lost parliamentary majority in 2012, leading to his dismissal.
5. 2018-present (Imran Khan):
 Elected on an anti-corruption platform.
 Faced economic challenges and political opposition.
 Removed from office through a vote of no confidence in 2022.
Important Note:
 This is a brief overview of each period. Each period has its own complexities and nuances that
cannot be fully captured here.
 The role of the military and its influence on Pakistani politics remains a subject of ongoing
debate and analysis.

I encourage you to explore further reading for a deeper understanding of each period
and the complex dynamics of Pakistani politics.