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Trầ n Anh Tông

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Trần Anh Tông

陳英宗

Emperor of Đại Việt

 Emperor of Trần dynasty

Reign 1293–1314

Predecessor Trần Nhân Tông

Successor Trần Minh Tông

Retired Emperor of Trần dynasty

Reign 1314–1320

Predecessor Trần Nhân Tông

Successor Trần Minh Tông

Born 17 September 1276

Thăng Long, Đại Việt

Died 12 December 1320

Thăng Long, Đại Việt

Burial Thái Tomb

Spouse Empress Thuận Thánh

Issue Crown prince Trần Mạnh and 5 daughters

Names

Trần Thuyên (陳烇)

Era dates

Hưng Long (興隆, 1293–1314)

Regnal name

Ứng Thiên Quảng Vận Nhân Minh Thánh Hiếu

hoàng đế (應天廣運仁明聖孝皇帝)

Posthumous name

Ứng Thiên Quảng Vận Hiển Văn Duệ Vũ Khâm

Minh Nhân Hiếu hoàng đế

應天廣運顯文睿武欽明仁孝皇帝

Temple name

Anh Tông (英宗)

House Trần dynasty

Father Trần Nhân Tông

Mother Empress Khâm Từ Bảo Thánh

Religion Buddhism

Trần dynasty monarchs

Trần Thái Tông 1226–1258
Trần Thánh Tông 1258–1278
Trần Nhân Tông 1278–1293
Trần Anh Tông 1293–1314
Trần Minh Tông 1314–1329
Trần Hiến Tông 1329–1341
 Trần Dụ Tông 1341–1369
Dương Nhật Lễ 1369–1370
Trần Nghệ Tông 1370–1372
Trần Duệ Tông 1373–1377
Trần Phế Đế 1377–1388
Trần Thuận Tông 1388–1398
Trần Thiếu Đế 1398–1400
Trần Ngỗi 1407–1409
Trần Quý Khoáng 1409–1413

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Trần Anh Tông (chữ Hán: 陳英宗, 17 September 1276 – 12 December 1320), personal
name Trần Thuyên (陳烇), courtesy name Nhật Sủy (日煃) or Nhật Sáng[1] (日㷃/日𤊞),
was the fourth emperor of the Trần dynasty, reigning over Dai Viet from 1293 to 1314.
After ceding the throne to his son Trần Minh Tông, Anh Tông held the title Retired
Emperor for six years. As the first Trần emperor who ruled in total peace with respect to
foreign affairs, Anh Tông was known for his successful reign of Đại Việt, which brought
a long period of peace and prosperity over the country. He also had several military
victories over the kingdoms of Champa and Lan Xang.
Early years[edit]
Anh Tông was born in 1276 as Trần Thuyên, the first son of the then-emperor Trần
Nhân Tông and Empress Khâm Từ Bảo Thánh.[2] In 1292 he was invested as crown
prince by Nhân Tông[3] and ultimately was ceded the throne in 1293 while his father still
reigned as Retired Emperor (Thái thượng hoàng) for 16 years.
According to officially commissioned historical books, although being an intelligent ruler
and a devoted son,[4] the young Emperor Anh Tông often drank alcohol and escaped
from the royal citadel to wander around Thăng Long at night. One time the Emperor was
so drunk that he forgot to welcome the Retired Emperor who was coming back
from Thiên Trường for a visit. When he was made aware of the situation, Nhân Tông
departed immediately in a fury from Thăng Long[5] and Anh Tông had to write a petition
for the Retired Emperor with the help from a young scholar named Đoàn Nhữ Hài. After
that event, Anh Tông appointed Đoàn as court counselor and avoided drinking.[6]
As emperor[edit]
Trần Anh Tông

Vietnamese name

Vietnamese Trần Anh Tông

 Hán-Nôm 陳英宗

Anh Tông was the first Trần emperor who reigned without having to face attacks from
the Mongol Empire. Despite the deaths of the two most important generals of the early
Trần dynasty, Trần Quang Khải in 1294 and Trần Quốc Tuấn in 1300, the Emperor was
still served by many efficient mandarins like Trần Nhật Duật, Đoàn Nhữ Hài, Phạm Ngũ
Lão, Trương Hán Siêu, Mạc Đĩnh Chi and Nguyễn Trung Ngạn. Anh Tông was very
strict in suppressing gambling and corruption but he also generously rewarded those
who served him well.[7] Under the reign of an able emperor and capable court
administration, Đại Việt witnessed a long period of peace and prosperity.[2][4]

Birth name

Vietnamese alphabet Trần Thuyên

Hán-Nôm 陳烇

Foreign policy during Anh Tông's reign was continuing the détente with the Yuan
dynasty while restraining the two other neighbours of Đại Việt, the kingdoms
of Champa and Laos. The Emperor's envoy to the Yuan dynasty was so successful that
the leader Mạc Đĩnh Chi was dubbled the "Two-state exemplar" because he came first
as Trạng nguyên (Zhuangyuan, 狀元) in Đại Việt's imperial examination and was
praised in the Yuan dynasty court for his eloquence.[8] After the failed invasions of the
Mongol Empire, Đại Việt's southwestern border was invaded several times by Laos until
Anh Tông appointed Phạm Ngũ Lão to oversee the pacification of the frontier regions. [9][10]
[11]

In 1306, the king of Champa Chế Mân offered Vietnam two Cham prefectures Ô and Lý
in exchange for a marriage with Vietnamese princess Huyền Trân.[11] Anh Tông accepted
this offer, then he took and renamed Ô prefecture and Lý prefecture to Thuận prefecture
and Hóa prefecture, both of them often referred shortly as Thuận Hóa region.[11] Only
one year into the marriage, Chế Mân died and in line with the royal tradition of Champa,
Huyền Trân was to be cremated with her husband. Facing this urgent condition, Anh
Tông sent his mandarin Trần Khắc Chung to Champa to save Huyền Trân from an
imminent death. Finally Huyền Trân was able to return to Đại Việt but Chế Chí, the
successor of Chế Mân, no longer wished to abide by the peace treaty with Đại Việt.
After that event, Anh Tông himself, along with generals Trần Quốc Chân and Trần
Khánh Dư commanded three groups of Đại Việt military units to attack Champa in 1312.
Chế Chí was defeated and captured in this invasion,[12] and Anh Tông installed a hand-
picked successor, Che Man's brother Che Da-a-ba-niem,[13]: 89 but the relations between
Đại Việt and Champa remained strained for a long time afterwards.[9][14]
As retired emperor[edit]
After 21 years of rule, Anh Tông passed the throne to the crown prince Trần Mạnh, who
became the Emperor Trần Minh Tông, and Anh Tông retained the title Thái thượng
hoàng for six more years before dying in 1320 at the age of 54.[9] Anh Tông had only
one era name during his reign, which was Hưng Long (興隆, prosperity). After the
Emperor's death, he was given the posthumous name Hiển văn duệ vũ khâm minh
nhân hiếu hoàng đế (顯文睿武欽明仁孝皇帝).[2]
According to history books, Anh Tông was praised for his righteous reign, which created
a peaceful and prosperous period in the history of Đại Việt. He was known as a modest
ruler who was quick to mend his mistakes, was always cautious and intelligent in
judgment, and the only major criticism of him was building a tower and gathering monks
in Yên Tử mountain.[2][15][16] According to the royal historian Ngô Sĩ Liên, Anh Tông was a
father with sense of responsibility for his son, which is seen as an important factor in
Minh Tông's good governance in the future.[17] The decision made by Anh Tông and his
father Nhân Tông to marry off the royal princess Huyền Trân to the king of Champa in
exchange for peace and land was sometimes considered a stigma on the Trần dynasty.
[18]

Family[edit]
 Anh Tông had one empress, two other wives and several concubines:
o Empress Thuận Thánh (?–1330), daughter of Trần Quốc Tảng and
granddaughter of Trần Quốc Tuấn. She was entitled Queen
dowager when Trần Mạnh was made emperor
o Imperial consort Chiêu Hiến, daughter of Trần Bình Trọng, natural
mother of Trần Mạnh[19]
o Imperial consort Tĩnh Huệ, daughter of Phạm Ngũ Lão
o Đa La Thanh, daughter of northern monk Du Chi Bà Lam
o Imperial concubine Trần Thị Thái Bình
o Palace maid Vương Thị
 Besides three short-lived sons, Anh Tông was survived by only one son, Trần
Mạnh, who eventually became his successor Trần Minh Tông. The Emperor
also had five daughters:
o Princess Thiên Chân
o Princess Ý Trinh
o Princess Huy Chân
o Princess Huệ Chân
o Princess Thánh Chân

References[edit]
1. ^ History of Yuan.
2. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Ngô 1993, p. 205
3. ^ National Bureau for Historical Record 1998, p. 241
4. ^ Jump up to:a b Trần 1971, p. 65
5. ^ Ngô 1993, p. 209
6. ^ Trần 1971, p. 64
7. ^ Ngô 1993, p. 207
8. ^ Ngô 1993, p. 221
 9. ^ Jump up to:a b c Trần 1971, p. 66
10. ^ Ngô 1993, p. 215
11. ^ Jump up to:a b c Chapuis 1995, p. 85
12. ^ Ngô 1993, p. 223
13. ^ Maspero, G., 2002, The Champa Kingdom, Bangkok: White Lotus Co.,
Ltd., ISBN 9747534991
14. ^ Chapuis 1995, p. 86
15. ^ Tran Tuyet Nhung, Anthony Reid 2006, p. 58
16. ^ Chapuis 1995, p. 87
17. ^ Ngô 1993, p. 254
18. ^ Ngô 1993, p. 218
19. ^ Ngô 1993, p. 227

Sources[edit]
 Ngô, Sỹ Liên (1993), Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (in Vietnamese) (Nội các quan
bản ed.), Hanoi: Social Science Publishing House
 National Bureau for Historical Record (1998), Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám
cương mục (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Education Publishing House
 Trần, Trọng Kim (1971), Việt Nam sử lược (in Vietnamese), Saigon: Center
for School Materials
 Tran Tuyet Nhung, Anthony Reid (2006), Việt Nam: borderless histories,
Univ of Wisconsin Press, ISBN 0-299-21774-4
 Chapuis, Oscar (1995), A history of Vietnam: from Hong Bang to Tu Duc,
Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 0-313-29622-7

Trần Anh Tông

House of Trần
Born: 1276 Died: 1320

Regnal titles
Preceded by Emperor of Trần dynasty Succeeded by
Trần Nhân Tông 1293–1314 Trần Minh Tông
Retired Emperor of Trần
Preceded by Succeeded by
dynasty
Trần Nhân Tông Trần Minh Tông
1314–1320
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Trần imperial family
Categories:
 Trần dynasty retired emperors
 Trần dynasty emperors
 Monarchs who abdicated
  1276 births
 1320 deaths
 Vietnamese monarchs
 This page was last edited on 6 August 2023, at 04:33 (UTC).
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