HOA 4 Midterms
Spanish Colonial Architecture
Manila “City of God”
Intramuros
- Churches, Monastries, and Convents
The Baroque Churches
- constructed during 1500s
- Served as the Catholic Church
- Politocal backbone of Spanish colonial rule
The Church of La Nuestra Senora de la Asuncion
- located on top hill, serve as a citadel during times
of crisis
- blend of purposes in architecture
Church of Santo Tomas de Villanueva
- withstood the occasional attacks from Muslims
coming from the south.
Sedana, a Jesuit
- taught the Philippine people how to work and lay
stone.
The Church of San Agustin
- San Agustin Cathedral, Manila
- a permanent miracle in stone, a church built in
the “severe baroque” style with Spanish and italian
influences.
- imported from the “Virreonato” of Mexico
A new mestizo architecture
- “earthquake baroque”
The Cathedral of Pisa, Italy
- most impressive churches in Tuscany, Italy
- famous for its bel tower, the leaning tower of Pisa.
Sto. Nino Church, Cebu, Circa 16th century
- Oldest Roman Catholic church in the country
Earthquake Baroque
- is a style of Baroque architecture found in places,
such at the Philippines and Guatemala
Parish Church
- architecture began to adapt to earthquake
conditions.
- dimensions of constructions were made lower and
wider, walls were made thicker and buttresses were
made stouter, upper structures were made lighter.
Worms Cathedral, Worms, Germany
- Saint Peter’s Cathedral
- 65 M; Bell towers are usually lower and stouter
compared to towers in less seismically active
regions of the world
- towers have thicker girth in the lower levels,
progressively narrowing to the topmost level
Paoay Cathedral, Ilocos Norte, Philippines
- 40M;
- one of the best church by the Unesco in the
Philippines
Tower of Santa Cruz Church
- Girth decreases as they climb upward
- their shape and dimensions are reminiscent of the
composition of other Asiatic style of architecture.
Tower of Quiapo Church
- Towers of Philippine churches are a combination
of Renaissance bell towers and pagodas
- their presence is the architectureal symbol par
excellence of the Christian faith, which was carried
to the Philippines by the Spanish missionaries.
The Binondo Church
- Album de fotografias de vistas y tipos de Filipinas
- typical elements are lateral towers, trapezium-
shaped gable ends topped with vaulted niche,
small octagonal-shaped windows and twin
columns
- built in this Chinese quarter founded in 1596
- Architect Domingo de la Cruz Gonzales
-One of the architectural heritages of Manila
- also known as “Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary
Parish” or the “Minor Basilica and National Shrine of
San Lorenzo Ruiz”
-COMPOSED OF FIVE STORIES
-OCTAGONAL IN SHAPE
-MADE IN GRANITE
Monastery Church of San Francisco
- no longer exist
Santa Maria Church (Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur)
- The only one prominently constructed on a hill
- it can be ascended on a wide flight stairs made of
ancient granite rock called PIEDRA CHINA
- this church is purposely built as a defense fortress
from looting pirates.
- URN-LIKE FINIAL
- PILASTER
- PORTAL
- BRICKS
- BUTTRESSES
- BELL TOWER
*HEXAGONAL IN SHAPE
*COMPOSED OF 4 STORIES
San Agustin Church (Paoay, Ilocos Norte)
- the most iconic of all earthquake baroque
churches in the Philippines.
- built in baked stucco-plastered bricks, coral blocks,
tree sap and lumber.
- the church’s theatrical play of light and shade
from its wide strained glass window is a classic
characterization of late high baroque art called
CHIAROSCURO.
- most enormous buttressing gracefully rising from
the ground to the roof
- the bell tower on the western facade served as
the Katipunero’s observation post in 1896 Philippine
revolution against the Spaniards and the
Guerillero’s during the World war III against the
Japanese.
Santo Tomas de Villanueva Church (Miag-ao, Iloilo)
- town of Miag-ao is a great example of Spain’s
colonial grandeur in the south of Manila as
evidenced by the surviving Baroque-Romanesque
Church of Santo Tomas de Villanueva
- built between 1787 and 1797
- under the guidance of the Augustinian Friar and
parish priest Friar Francisco M. Gonzales
- OSA and the mayor or head man of the village
- (Gobernadorcillo) Domingo Libo
The Yellowish Brown color
- limestone and adobe used in the construction
- Foundation is 6 meters deep, walls 1.5 meers wide
THE ARCHITECTURE IS OF BAROQUE-ROMANESQUE
TYPE AND THE WHOLE STRUCTURE IS MADE OF
ROUGH-CUT CREAM-COLORED SANDSTONES. THE
WALLS LOOKES INDESTRUCTIBLY THICK, AND INDEED
IT IS; ALMOST FIVE FEET OF STONE THICK. REALLY
MASSIVE
American Colonial Architecture
La Islas Filipinas
Philippines-American War
Anniv of commonwealth
-Nov 15, 1935
AMERICAN PERIOD (Various Typologies)
Italianate
- a style which originated in Western Europe in circa
1840-1885 reviving the elements of the Italian
Renaissance Architecture of the 16th Century with
- SQUARE CUPOLSD OR TOWERS
- ELABORATE CLASSICAL DETAILINGS
- WIDE OVERHANGING EVES WITH CLOSELY-SPACED
DECORATIVE BRACKETS;
- TALL AND NARROW SQUARE OR ARCHED
WINDOWS
- L-SHAPED PLANS
-ARCADE PORCHES WITH BALUSTRADES
- LOW-PITCHED OR FLAT ROOF
*Malanang Palace
Broken-bed segmental pediment
- a type of segmental pediment with a base having
an opening at the center; usually applied to a wall
above a door or window.
Eskudo- coat-of-arms
Aedicule- a canopied niche or opening flanked by
pilasters or colonnettes.
Salomonica Columns- a type of column with a shaft
carved into twisted or spiral form.
Victorian
- A style in Europe during the reign of Queen
Victoria in Great Britain (1837-1901) reviving and/or
combining the elements of Gothic and Italianate
styles such as;
- STEEP GABLED ROOF AND DORMERS
- CONE-SHAPED TURRETS OR SQUARE TOWER WITH
MANSARD ROOF
- INTRICATE OR RICHLY ORNAMENTED PANELING,
TRUSSSES, AND BRACES
- PANELED EXTERIOR WALLING WITH EITHER
HORIZONTAL, VERTICAL, OR DIAGONAL DESIGN
- AND WHOLE OVERHANGING EAVES WITH EXPOSED
RAFTERS ENDS.
Cast Iron Columns- NY
*Siliman Univerity Hall
*Eastern Stick Style
Mission Revival
- an architecture movement which originated in
the US at the end of the 19th century reviving
and/or employing the elements of Spanish Colonial
Revival Style
This has been widely used in California
characterized by;
- USE OF LOW-PITVHED ROOF
- STUCCO FINISH EXTERIOR WALLS
- WIDE EAVES WITH CLOSELY SPACED EXPOSED
RAFTER END
- FRONTISPIECE WITH EXPOSED GABLE WALL
- IMPOSING SQUARE TOWERS WITH PYRAMIDAL
ROOF
*Philippine Normal University
Neoclassical
- a style which originated in Europe and in the US
from 1885-1925 reviving and combining the Greek
and Roman Classical Architecture with the ideas of
Renaissance Architecture.
Also known as Classical Revival or Beaux Arts
Classicism, this style incorporates;
- GRANDIOSE SYMMETRICAL COMPOSITIONS AND
FACADE
- COLONNADED PORTIVO WITH GRAND STAIR AND
IMPOSING COLUMNS
- BALUSTRADED BALCONIES
- PRONOUNCED CORNICES AND ENTABLATURES
*Manila Post Office
Neogothic
- a style which originated in Europe and used in the
PH in the later part of the 19th century reviving the
architecture vocabulary of Gothic architecture. In
includes;
- LOFTY FACADES
- PAINTED ARCHES
- SOARING SPIRES
- RIBBED VAULTING
- FLYING BUTTRESS
- RICH ORNAMENTATION AND TRACERY
* INC Locale Churches
*San Sebastian Church, Manila
INC Central Temple
- Designed by Ar. Carlos Santos-Viola
- octagonal lantern
- NEEDLE SPIRE
- UMBRELLA DOME WITH MULTIPLE RIBS
- STEEP GABLE WALL
Neorenaissance
- a style which originated in italy during the period
of architectural style revival in the 19th century
which has been characterized by;
- HIP TYPE TILES ROOF WITH LOW-PITCHED OR
INCINATION
- EAVES WITH SUPPORTING DECORATIVE BRACKETS
- EMPLOYMENT OF DETAILS SUCH AS COLUMNS,
PILASTERS, PEDIMENTS, QUOINS, AND ARCHES
- AND OFTEN YMMETRICALLY BALANCED
Quoin- pair tool in autocad architecture
* Ayuntamiento de Manila
Gota de leche
Afterword- excerpts from the book, “Edifice
Complex” by Ar. Gerald Lico
- Imag(in)ing the Tropical Empire and the
Architectures of Benevolent Creation
- this style in a way give continuity to a form of
government that shifted from Spanish to American
colonial rule. A military government was soon
established to conduct various modes of
pacification int the region.
- The uncultured were thus converted into the
cultured.