A.

In the heart of the Amazon rainforest, a myriad of life thrives, sustained by the dense vegetation
that has flourished here for centuries. However, the tranquility of this environment is increasingly
being intercepted by the sound of chainsaws and heavy machinery. Deforestation, the process of
clearing vast areas of trees, is accelerating at an alarming rate, primarily due to logging activities. This destructive
practice not only fells trees but also poses a significant threat to both terrestrial and aquatic habitats.
B. The defence against this ecological assault lies in understanding its far-reaching consequences.
Trees, which serve as the backbone of forest ecosystems, play a crucial role in stabilizing the soil. Their roots
extend deep into the earth, holding the soil together and preventing erosion. When trees are removed, the
land becomes vulnerable to being washed away by rain, leading to a loss of fertile topsoil. This not only
inhibits the growth of future vegetation but also affects the myriad species that depend on the forest for
survival.
C. Moreover, trees are vital in cycling nutrients back into the environment. They absorb carbon
dioxide, a major pollutant, and release oxygen, contributing to cleaner air. In their absence, the levels of
pollution can increase, adversely affecting both the climate and the health of living organisms. Deforestation also
leads to a reduction in the diversity of plant and animal species, as many vanish when their natural habitat is
destroyed. The array of species lost can have cascading effects on the ecosystem, as each organism plays a
specific role in maintaining ecological balance.
D. Aquatic ecosystems are not spared from the impacts of deforestation. When trees are removed, there is
an increase in the amount of sediment and pollutants that enter water bodies. This can inhibit the growth of
aquatic plants and disrupt the life cycles of fish and other aquatic organisms.
E.To combat these issues, various strategies have been proposed. One approach is to promote sustainable
logging practices that minimize environmental impact. Another is to implement policies that encourage the
replanting of trees to help stabilize the ecosystem and extend the lifespan of forests. Education and awareness
campaigns are also crucial in highlighting the importance of forests and the need to protect them.
F.In conclusion, deforestation presents a formidable challenge to the preservation of our planet's
biodiversity and environmental health. It is imperative to intercept this trend and implement effective measures to
protect our forests. Only through concerted efforts can we ensure that these vital ecosystems do not vanish,
preserving them for future generations.

Exercise 1: Choose the correct heading for each paragraph which is from passage A-E based on the list
below.

List of Headings:

1. Strategies to MiNgate DeforestaNon

2. The Role of Trees in Soil Stability
3. The DestrucNve PracNce of Logging
4. Impact on AquaNc Ecosystems
5. The Need for Sustainable Forest Management
6. Consequences of Tree Removal for Air Quality
7. Threats to Biodiversity and Habitat Loss
8. Understanding the Scale of DeforestaNon.

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Exercise 2: Read the statements below and write:
TRUE if the statement agrees with the informaNon in the passage. FALSE if
the statement contradicts the informaNon in the passage. NOT GIVEN if there is no
informaNon on this in the passage.

1. The Amazon rainforest is experiencing a decrease in the noise produced by chainsaws and heavy
machinery due to recent conservaNon efforts.
2. DeforestaNon leads to soil erosion because tree roots, which hold the soil together, are removed.
3. One of the primary reasons for deforestaNon in the Amazon is agricultural expansion.
4. Trees play a significant role in the air purificaNon process by absorbing pollutants and releasing
oxygen.
5. The loss of trees has a direct negaNve impact on the diversity of both plant and animal life in the
forest.
6. Increased sediment and pollutants in water bodies due to deforestaNon have no significant
effect on aquaNc life.
7. Sustainable logging pracNces involve complete cessaNon of all logging acNviNes.
8. EducaNonal campaigns about the importance of forests have been widely recognized as ineffecNve
in combaNng deforestaNon.
9. ReplanNng trees is suggested as a method to help extend the life of forests and stabilize ecosystems.
10. The passage menNons that deforestaNon has led to a noNceable change in the global climate.

Exercise 3: Read the statements below and write:

YES if the statement agrees with the views or claims of the writer. NO if the
statement contradicts the views or claims of the writer. NOT GIVEN if it is impossible
to say what the writer thinks about this.

QuesOons:
1. The sound of chainsaws and heavy machinery in the Amazon rainforest is a sign of increasing
deforestaNon
2. DeforestaNon contributes significantly to soil erosion
3. Logging is the only cause of deforestaNon
4. Trees are essenNal for maintaining air quality by absorbing carbon dioxide.
5. The diversity of both plant and animal species is adversely affected by deforestaNon.
6. DeforestaNon has no impact on aquaNc ecosystems.
7. Sustainable logging pracNces should eliminate all logging acNviNes
8. EducaNonal campaigns about forest conservaNon is a vital part of combaNng deforestaNon.
9. ReplanNng trees are recommended as a soluNon for the adverse effects of deforestaNon.
10. Explicitly state that deforestaNon has led to a global climate change.

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Exercise 4: Look at the following statements and the list of paragraphs from the passage. Match
each statement with the paragraph where the informaOon is found. Write the correct leTer, A-E, in
boxes on your answer sheet.

List of Paragraphs:
Paragraph A
Paragraph B
Paragraph C
Paragraph D
Paragraph E

QuesNons:
1. MenNons the primary cause of deforestaNon in the Amazon.
2. Discusses the role of trees in prevenNng soil erosion.
3. Explains the impact of deforestaNon on air quality and climate.
4. Describes how deforestaNon affects aquaNc ecosystems.
5. Proposes various strategies to address the problems caused by deforestaNon.
6. Highlights the loss of biodiversity due to the destrucNon of habitats.
7. Refers to the sound of machinery as an indicator of environmental change.
8. Suggests replanNng trees as a method to repair damaged ecosystems.
9. Details how the removal of trees can lead to increased polluNon levels.
10. Describes the defensive measures against ecological damage.

Exercise 5: Complete the summary below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage.
Write your answers in boxes on your answer sheet.
The criNcal role of trees in the (1) and how their absence can lead to
increased (2) levels. Trees are essenNal for absorbing (3) , a
major pollutant, and releasing (4) , which contributes to a healthier
atmosphere. The removal of trees not only affects air quality but also results in a reducNon in the (5) of plant
and animal species. Many species (6) when their natural habitat is destroyed,
and this loss can have cascading effects on the (7) as each organism has a specific role in
maintaining balance.

Exercise 6: Complete the sentences using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for
each blank.
1. Due to deforestaNon, bodies become more suscepNble to polluNon and
sediment accumulaNon.
2. The ecological balance in water systems is altered as a result of caused by
tree removal.
3. DeforestaNon leads to changes in the sediment and pollutant levels, which can have detrimental
effects on both plant and life in aquaNc environments.
4. The increased sediment and pollutants in the water can have a negaNve impact on the
of aquaNc plants.
5. The disrupNon caused by deforestaNon extends beyond terrestrial environments, significantly
affecNng habitats as well.

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Exercise 6: Choose the best answer from the opOons provided.

1. What is the primary cause of deforestaOon menOoned in the passage?

A. Agricultural expansion
B. Logging acNviNes
C. Urban development
D. Natural disasters
2. According to the passage, what role do trees play in maintaining soil stability?
A. They absorb excess water from the soil.
B. Their roots hold the soil together and prevent erosion.
C. They increase soil ferNlity by adding nutrients.
D. They create a barrier against wind erosion.
3. What impact does deforestaOon have on air quality?
A. It increases oxygen levels in the atmosphere.
B. It decreases the levels of carbon dioxide.
C. It increases the levels of polluNon in the air.
D. It has no significant impact on air quality.
4. How does deforestaOon affect aquaOc ecosystems?
A. It leads to an increase in aquaNc plant life.
B. It decreases the water temperature in these ecosystems.
C. It increases the amount of sediment and pollutants in water bodies.
D. It enhances the life cycles of fish and other aquaNc organisms.
5. Which of the following strategies is NOT menOoned in the passage as a way to combat
deforestaOon?
A. PromoNng sustainable logging pracNces
B. Encouraging urban expansion in forest areas
C. ImplemenNng policies for replanNng trees
D. ConducNng educaNon and awareness campaigns
6. What is a consequence of tree removal menOoned in the passage?
A. Increased biodiversity in the forest
B. ReducNon in the diversity of plant and animal species
C. StabilizaNon of the ecosystem
D. Improved air and water quality

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Exercise 7: From the list of features below, select the features that are menOoned in the passage as
impacts of deforestaOon. Write the correct leTer, A-F, in boxes on your answer sheet.

List of Features:
A. Increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere
B. Decrease in topsoil ferNlity
C. DisrupNon of aquaNc life cycles
D. Loss of trees leading to soil instability
E. ReducNon in biodiversity
F. Increase in sediment and pollutants in water bodies

Ques3ons:
1. An impact on the atmosphere due to the loss of trees.
2. An effect of deforestaNon on the stability and ferNlity of soil.
3. A consequence of tree removal on the living condiNons in water ecosystems.
4. The effect on soil due to the absence of tree roots.
5. A direct impact on the variety of living organisms in the forest.
6. A consequence for water bodies as a result of deforestaNon.

Exercise 8: Choose the most suitable Otle for the passage from the list of Otles below.

Which of the following Ntles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
A. The Global Impact of Urban Development
B. The Consequences of DeforestaNon and Strategies for MiNgaNon
C. The Advantages of ReforestaNon in Urban Areas
D. Wildlife ConservaNon Efforts in Tropical Forests

Exercise 9: For each statement, write the correct leTer, A, B, or C. Classify the following statements as
referring to:

A. Causes of DeforestaNon
B. Effects of DeforestaNon
C. SoluNons to DeforestaNon

List of Statements:
1. Logging acNviNes in the Amazon rainforest
2. Increased levels of polluNon in the atmosphere
3. PromoNng sustainable logging pracNces
4. Soil erosion due to the removal of trees
5. ImplemenNng policies for replanNng trees
6. ReducNon in the diversity of plant and animal species
7. ConducNng educaNon and awareness campaigns about forest conservaNon
8. DisrupNon in the life cycles of aquaNc organisms

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Exercise 10: Match each sentence beginning (1-5) with the correct ending (A-E). Match the beginning of
each sentence with its correct ending from the list below.

Sentence Beginnings:
1. DeforestaNon in the Amazon is primarily caused by …
2. Trees play a crucial role in the environment by …
3. Soil erosion becomes a significant problem when …
4. AquaNc ecosystems are adversely affected by deforestaNon due to …
5. One of the strategies proposed to address deforestaNon is …

Sentence Endings:
A. the increase in sediment and pollutants in water bodies.
B. stabilizing the soil and prevenNng erosion.
C. the implementaNon of sustainable logging pracNces.
D. trees are removed and the soil is leh unprotected.
E. logging acNviNes that fell large areas of trees.

Exercise 11: Answer the following quesOons using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the
passage.

1. What is the primary acNvity leading to deforestaNon in the Amazon?

2. Which part of the tree is crucial for prevenNng soil erosion?
3. Name one major pollutant that trees absorb from the atmosphere.
4. What type of ecosystems are affected by deforestaNon apart from terrestrial ones?
5. What is one method suggested in the passage to minimize the environmental impact of logging?
6. What happens to the levels of sediment and pollutants in water bodies as a result of deforestaNon?
7. What is one strategy menNoned for extending the lifespan of forests?

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