MAPEH
3. Melody - Horizontal element of music. Pleasing
MUSIC
● MEDIEVAL MUSIC
- Dark Ages or Middle Ages
- Gregorian Chant → Monophonic Plainchant
- Roman Empire
- Centonization → Used to Create families of
Related Chants
- Hexachords → Six-note patterns
- Neumes → Early form of music notation
- Organum → Multi or several voice
elaborations of a gregorian chant
- Organum, Alleluia
- Adam de la halle → French Poet,
- Do-re-mi
- Ut quent Laxis
● RENAISSANCE MUSIC
- Imitative Polyphony → Imitated each other
- Madrigal →
- Mass
- My heart is offered still to you
- Rebirth or renaissance
- Giovanni Pierluigi de palestrina
- Thomas morley
● BAROQUE MUSIC
- My song shall be always
- Oddly shapes pearl
- Barroco
- George frideric Handel
- Johann Sebastian Bach
- Antonio Vivaldi
Musical Elements
1. Harmony → Simultaneous occurrence of musical
tones whether constant or dissonant. Refers to the
vertical structure of music.
A. Major Tonality - known as Major key.
B. Minor Tonality - Known as Minor Key
C. Undetermined Tonality - Refers to music
pieces, which has neither a major nor a minor
key
2. Rhythm - Combination of long or short duration of
musical sounds
succession of tones.
A. Melodic range - Distance between the
highest and lowest notes
B. Narrow Range - 1 - 3 tone interval
C. Wide Range - 4 to 5, or 6-8 tones
- Melodic Direction
A. Upward - Notes or tune flow in an ascending
direction
B. Downward - Notes or tune flow in an
descending direction
C. Repetitive - Notes or tune recur in the
passages of the musical composition
D. Smooth Flowing - Notes may go up and
down in a smooth and connected manner
4. Dynamics - Refers to words or signs indicating
degrees or changes in the loudness or softness of a
musical sound or passage.
5. Tempo - time; the rate of speed of a compositionor
section
A. Tempo marks - Indications are usually italian
terms
- Ritardando - Slackening
- Ritenuto - Holding back
- Accelerando - Quickening
ARTS
Principles of Art
→ Are the rules and techniques that artists use to
create works of art.
1. Rhythm, movement - Refers to the repetition of a
motif or elements of art
2. Balance - Refers to the idea of maintaining
consistency of art elements in various areas in an
artwork
A. Symmetrical Balance - Same shapes, colors,
and other art elements are evenly distributed.
B. Asymmetrical - Different shapes, colors, and
other art elements are evenly distributed.
C. Radial Symmetry - Various art elements
branch off from a central point
3. Emphasis - Extraordinary or a different line, color,
or shape.
4. Harmony - Complement one another
5. Unity - Sense of oneness, wholeness, or order in a
work of art
6. Variety - Concerned with diversity or contrast
7. Proportion - Refers to the relationship of certain
elements
P.E
→ According to records, dodgeball is an ancient
game, maybe the oldest sports known to people. It
also appears on the records that a caveman dodged
a rock thrown to him by the other caveman and the
one who dodged it threw it back. The first to throw,
threw another rock but this time, the other caveman
was not able to dodge it and got knocked out. This is
believed to be the beginning of dodgeball.
Now, this simple action of throwing and dodging
serve as the basic actions used in this sport.

Fitness Assesment
● Nature/Background
→ We need to do to prevent lifestyle diseases
→ Game of two opposing teams who try to pitch
● Lifestyle
balls to the opposing team while avoiding being hit
→ behavioural pattern that refers to a person or
by the other.
group of people lives
→ In US, it is played by children 6 to 12 yrs. Old
● Health Related Fitness
→ Internationally, it is played among middle school,
→ Ability to achieve and maintain a physically
highschool, and college students
healthy body
→ Used in recreational event and informal Event
● Weight Managment
→ Can be played on a playground or inside a gym
→ Set of practices and beheviours that is necessary
to keep one’s weight at a healthful level
● Rules of the game
● Waist Circumfurence
- Teams
→ Determining Visceral Fats
→ Each team shall have 6 to 8 plates
● Overweight
- The Game
→ Weight in excess of the average for an individual
→ The objective of the game is to eliminate all
● Pinggang PInoy
opponents' players by hitting them out with the
→ model of the right food group proportion to meet
dodgeball.
the energy and nutrient needs of filipinos
- Beginning of the Game
● Cardiovascular Endurance
→ Eight Balls are required to be used
→ Deliver/supply oxygen through working muscles
→ The players will be positioned behind the line
and tissues
- Stalling and 30-second Violation
● Flexibility
→ If one team has all the balls in possession, they
→ Ability of the joint to move through a full range
must throw at least two balls within a 30-second
motion
period.
● Agility
- Match Play
→ Change in Direction quickly
→ Matches will be decided using a "best-of-three"
● 3-minute Step
(10-minute games) format in which the first team to
→ Measures Cardiovascular Endurance
win two games will be the winner of the match.
● Sit and Reach
→ League play consists of three 10-minute games
→ Measures Flexibility
regardless of the outcome.
● Shuttle Run
- Declaring a Winner
→ Measures Agility
→ The first team to legally eliminate all opposing
players will be the winner.
Dodgeball
● History
→ If neither team has been eliminated at the end of
regulation, the team with the greater number of
remaining players will be the winner.
→ in all overtime periods, the first team to legally
eliminate any one opponent will be the winner.
● Facilities and Equipment
- The Ball
→ 7-inch foam ball with a thin plastic covering
→ Size of a volleyball
- The Playing Area
→ 60 feet long x 30 feet wide
→ Front Line: 10 feet
→ Attack line: 20 feet
First Aid
● What should you do when injuries and
emergency situation happen?
A. Muscle Cramp - sudden contraction of muscles
that is extremely painful resulting from inadequate
blood supply to muscles.
● What is the first aid treatment for cramps?
1. Gently stretch and massage the cramping
muscle
2. Ice massage to the cramped muscle is a must.
3. If you are experiencing leg cramps, straighten
the leg fully and bend over by grabbing the
end of the toes. The cramp will eventually be
relieved.
4. Apply muscle pain relief cream
5. Drink beverages containing potassium, such
as water with salt
B. Sprain - is a stretched or torn ligaments. This may
be caused by falling, twisting, or being hit by an
object.
C. Strain - is a stretched or torn muscle or tendon.
This may be caused by twisting or pulling a muscle
or tendon during a physical activity.
● What are the first aid measures in cases of
sprain and strain?
- Make sure to stop activity right away
- Think R.I.C.E. for the first 48 hours after the
injury:
Rest: Rest the injured part until it feels less
painful.
Ice: Wrap an icepack or cold compress in a
towel and place over the injured part
immediately. Continue for not more than 20
minutes at a time, four to eight times a day.
Compression: Support the injured part with
an elastic compressio bandage for at least
two days.
Elevation: Raise the injured part above heart
level to decrease swelling.
- If swelling or severe pain is experienced,
bring the injured to the doctor.
D. Heat Exhaustion - Is a condition that occurs after
you have been exposed to a high temperature
● What should one do in case of heat
exhaustion?
- Get out of the heat and rest in a
well-ventilated room
- Drink plenty of water or fruit juices
- Remove any tight or unnecessary clothing
- Take a cool shower, bath, or spong bath
- Apply other cooling measures such as fans or
ice towels.
NON-COMMUNICABLE AND LIFESTYLE-RELATED
DISEASES
RISK FACTORS FOR NON-COMMUNICABLE
- 1. Smoking → It can harm diffrent organs.
Causes cancer and heart diseases that may
lead to death. Also aggreviates to diseases
like diabetes and tuberculosis
- 2. Alcohol → Linked to numbers of diseases
and injuries. May lead to cancer of the mouth,
esophagus, and liver. Drinking alot may
damage the heart, leading to high blood
pressure, stroke, and heart attack
- 3. Physical Inactivity → It could lead to
different acute disorders such as obesity and
high blood pressure which may results to
other diseases like diabetes, stroke, and heart
attack.
 - 4. Unhealthy Diet and Nutrition → Good
nutrition can lead to a better health. Poor diet
can lead to chronic diseases.
PREVENTION FOR NON-COMMUNICABLE
1. Engage in regular exercise
2. Eat a balanced diet
3. Get enough sleep and rest
4. Sustain the body with enough water
5. Reduce stress
6. Quit smoking
7. Asses fitness level
8. Doing an hour of exercise a day
9. Engaging in low-calorie and low-fat diet
10. Not skipping breakfast
11. Checking weight regularly
12. Observing the same diet in weekdays and
weekends.
HEALTH
● Health - absence of disease
● Community - geographical area, group of
people
● Community Health - health status
● Environment - refers to all things
● Environmental health - prevention and
control
● Improper waste disposal - contaminates the
soil, air and water
● Pollution - adverse effect
● Pollutant - harmful substance
● Air pollution - contamination of air
● Water pollution - contamination of water
● Land pollution - contamination of land
● Disease control - spread of disease
● Drug abuse, prevention and control -
habitual taking
● Peace and order
NATURE AND HEALTH EFFECTS OF
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
→ Environmental issues threaten our quality of life.
Worldwide issues concern population growth,
poverty and hunger, the greenhouse effect and
global warming, destruction of the ozone layer, and
destruction of rain forests.
1. Illegal Mining
- Illegal mining activities lead to deforestation
and loss of biodiversity in land and aquatic
life. Lead to deforestation and loss of
biodiversity in land and aquatic life.
1. Pesticide Drift
- Movement of chemical pesticides from the
intended place to another, caused by wind
and other factors. This causes accidental
exposure of human, animals, or plants to
pesticides.
1. Deforestation
- Clearing forests on a massive scale results to
the degradation of the quality of the land.
1. Oil Spill
- is a form of pollution where oil or liquid petrol
is released to the environment, either on land,
or on a body of water.
1. Coral Reef Degradation
- Indirect damaging of coral reefs include
silting of reefs, pollution by nutrients that
leads to algal growth, overfishing, and global
warming which sickens and kills corals.
Physically killing the corals is the direct way
of damaging them. These include dynamite
and cyanide fishing, and uninformed divers
catching marine life, ripping corals in the
process.
1. Climate Change
- global climate cause a variety of risks to our
health, ranging from altering patterns of
infectious diseases to deaths in extreme
temperatures.
Prevention and Management of Environmental
Health Issues
● Solid waste Management
- is a method to minimize solid waste effect on
human health by proper segregation,
effective collection, transportation, and
disposal of wastes.
● Zero Waste Management
- is an efficient way in making the most of
recycling, reducing waste, and ensuring
 products are reused, repaired, or recycled
back into the environment and market.
● Community Recycling
- is a program supported by citizens interested
in a clean environment to contribute
improvement in the community.
● Community Action Program
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