‫‪Tanta University‬‬

‫‪Faculty of Nursing‬‬
‫)‪Master’s degree (preparatory‬‬
‫‪2023-2024‬‬

‫‪Prepared by:‬‬
‫هبه السيد سلين‬ ‫هي عبد الونعن علي‬
‫ايناس اسواعيل هحود‬ ‫ايواى هحود صادق‬
‫عالء أحود هحود‬ ‫رقيه هحب عبد الحلين‬
‫فوزية ساهي حاهد‬ ‫فاطوه شبل عبد الوجيد‬
‫هند عادل رزق‬ ‫هرين هحود عبد السالم‬

‫‪prof.Dr/ Gehan Abdel-Hakim‬‬

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Objectives:
 General objective:
 At the end of this seminar the student will able to discuss using
computers in nursing research.
 Specific objective:
At the end of this seminar the students will be able to:
 Define data, nursing informatics, nursing research, software , hardware,
qualitative and quantitative research.
 Mention the objectives of computer use in nursing research.
 Mention some examples of computer applications that support nursing
research
 Discus the uses of software program in qualitative and quantitative
research.
 List differences between qualitative research and quantitative research methods.
 Enumerate Advantages and disadvantages of using nursing informatics.

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 Outlines:
1. Introduction.
2. Definition of basic terminology .
3. The objectives of computer use in nursing research.
4. Some examples of computer applications that support nursing
research.
5. The uses of software program in qualitative and quantitative
research.
6. Differences between qualitative research and quantitative research methods.
7. Advantages and disadvantages of using nursing informatics.
8. Legal and ethical issues related to computers used in nursing
research.
9. References.

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  Introduction:
Computer programs, new technologies, and the Internet can be used
both to facilitate research design planning and data collection, as well
as provide the context for a research study.
Data and technology factor more heavily than ever on quality
patient care in today’s healthcare system. As technology increases in
complexity and scope, involving more healthcare roles and types of
data analysis, so does the demand for project management and astute
leadership. Among other responsibilities, Nurse Informatics Specialists
(NIS) manage and implement technology initiatives so clinicians’
workflow is more efficient, which improves patient care, and the
bottom line. To accomplish these goals, it is essential that the NIS has
excellent Project Management skills.

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 Definition of basic terminology :-
Data:
Information such as facts and numbers used to analyze something or make decisions.

Nursing informatics:
The practice and science of integrating nursing information and knowledge with
technology to manage and integrate health information.

Nursing research:
It is the use of informatics in the discovery and management of new knowledge
relating to health and disease.

Hardware:
The physical component of a computer system are collectively called hardware.

Software:
Refers to the medium containing set of instruction that instructs the hardware how to
perform particular tasks.

Quantitative Reseaech:
Collecting and analyzing numerical data to describe characteristics, find correlations, or
test hypotheses.

Qualitative Reseaech:
Type of research that aims to gather and analyse non-numerical (descriptive) data in
order to gain an understanding of individuals' social reality, including understanding
their attitudes, beliefs, and motivation.

Secondary research:
Collecting existing data in the form of text, images, audio, avideo and recording.

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The objectives of computer use in nursing research:
1. Work fast, and accurate
2. Problem identification.
3. Records client informations.
4. Decumentation client status and medical recordes keeping.
5. Provide access to other department.
6. Used to manage client scheduling.
7. Provide access to standarized form and policies and procedures.
8. Research dissemination.
9. Research design.
10.Store large amount of informations, text, sound and pictures.
11.Save time.
12.Ideas can be understood quicly and easily through presentation.
13.Data collection, analysis.
14.Literature search.

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 Some examples of computer applications that support nursing
research are:
1. Topic identification:
Through on line literature searches, Email and discussion group and visiting
Websites.
2. Literature searches:
Choose the topic of the research then search about it from current
researches available on the Web, database, on CM-ROMs, with full text
retrieval.
3. Resource files:
Computer used to provide the history, data, anything about previous
researches.
4. Data collection tool:
Through database, spreadsheet and graphes.
5. Proposale preparation:
Through Word processing programs.
6. Data collection:
Through using various programs that used to sort and collect data as
hospital information systems, spreadsheets, databases.
7. Data analysis:
Through statistical and thematic
8. Final report:
Word processing, charts, tables, statisticale graphes are easily and quickly
done on computer.
9. Sharing of results:
Current research finding can be shared through using Web and other
electronic venues.
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 The uses of software program in qualitative and quantiative research:
Quantitative Reseaech:

Data
Analysis
Data
Coding
Data
Collection

1- Data Collection:

The process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest, that help
one to answer stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes.

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 2- Data Coding:

The process of converting data into a form that can be analyzed.

It involves assigning numerical or categorical codes to data items, such as responses
to survey questions or demographic information.
Coded data can then be analyzed using statistical software or other tools.
3- Data Analysis:
Is the most important part of any research.
Is the process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming, and modeling data with the
goal of discovering useful information, informing conclusions, and supporting decision-
making.

Qualitative Research;
Methods of qualitative research :

Observation : Recording what you have seen, heard, or encountered in detailed field notes.

Interviews: Personally asking people questions in one- on –one conversations

Focus group: Asking questions and generating discussion among group of people.

Surveys: Distributed questionnaires with open- ended questions

Case Study Research: Is another example of qualitative research that involves a

comprehensive examination of a particular subject, person, or event.

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Steps of qualitative data analysis:

Prepare and organize your data.

Review and explore your data.

Develop a data coding system.

Assign codes to the data.

Identify recurring themes.

1- Prepare and organize your data: Print out your transcripts, gather your notes,
documents, or other materials.
2- Review and explore your data:
 This will require you to read your data, probably several times, to get a sense of
what it contains.
 Examine the data for repeated ideas that emerge.
3- Develop a data coding system:
 Use highlighters, notes in the margins, sticky pads, concept maps, or anything else
that helps you to connect with your data.
 Based on your initial ideas, establish a set of codes that you can apply to categorize
your data.
4- Assign codes to the data: Identify recurring themes, language, opinions, and beliefs.
For example, in qualitative survey analysis, this may mean going through each
participant’s responses and tagging them with codes in a spread sheet. As you go
through your data, you can create new codes to add to your system if necessary.
5- Identify recurring themes: Link codes together into cohesive, overarching themes.

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 Differences between qualitative research and quantitative research methods:

qualitative research Quantitative research

methods methods
1. Sample size Small Large

2. Analytical Focus on describing Descripting the

objectives individuals characteristics of
experiences and beliefs population
2- Types of Open- ended question Closed-ended question
question asked
3- Data collection Use semi- structured Use highly structured
instrument method methods such as
such as in depth structured observation
Interviews, focus groups using questionnaires
and and surveys
participant observation
4- Form of data Descriptive data Numerical data
produced

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 Advantages and disadvantages of using nursing informatics:

Advantages disadvantages
 Improved Communication Leads  A Threat to the Human Element
to Improved Patient Care.

 Improved Accessibility to stored  Malfunctioning equipment

data from any device.

 Decreased Human Error  Data and Security Threats

 Better Education  Lack of Empathy When Treating

Patients

 Solution to Nursing Shortage  Computer literacy

 Legal and ethical issues related to computers used in nursing research:

1- Patient privacy and confidentiality.
2- Reporting design and data display.
3- System implementation.
4- Curriculum development.
5- User involvement and accessibility.
6- Informed consent.
7- Copyright of material on the web.

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References:

 Richards, Joy A. Nursing in Digital Age.Nursing Economics, 19(1), pp. 6-

11, 34
 https://hubvela.com/hub/technology/advantages-disadvantages/nursing
 https://www.nursing-informatics.com/kwantlen/nrsg3220.html
 https://www.google.com/search?q=Differences+between+qualitative+research+and+quantitative+research+me
thods&sca
 Greenwood B. what technologies do registered nurse use? [Internet] work-
chron.com. URL Available from: https://work.chron.com/technology-
registered-nursesuse- 4282.html
 Klimpel K. How Digital Technology is Transforming Health Care. [Internet]
2021. AMN Healthcare. Inc., URL Available from:
https://www.rn.com/nursingnews/ how-digital-technology-is-
 Anderson D, Fox J, Elsner N, Shah S, Hefner M, Kalra P et. Al.,
transforming the future of clinical development. Deloitte Insights: A Report
by the Deloitte Centre for Health Solutions. URL Available
from:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305194025_Use_of_a_Computer_Soft
ware_Program_for_Qualitative_AnalysesPart_2_Advantages_and_ Disadvantages1
 Dr Tsatsou P.The Role of Digital Technologies in Social Research in the
UK: An Emerging Digital Research Community? [Thesis report]UK. Dept.
of Media and Communication, University of Leicester. URL available
from:http://2plqyp1e0nbi44cllfr7pbor.wpengine.netdnacdn.
com/files/2020/07/Project-ReportT satsou:pdf
 Lupton D. Towards critical digital health studies: Reflections on two decades
of research in health and the way forward. University of Canberra, Australia.
Health (2021) Vol 20(1). 49-61.
 Dr Tsatsou P.The Role of Digital Technologies in Social Research in the UK: An
Emerging Digital Research Community? [Thesis report]UK. Dept. of Media and
Communication, University of Leicester. URL available
from:http://2plqyp1e0nbi44cllfr7pbor.wpengine.netdnacdn. com/files/2014/07/Project-
ReportT satsou:pdf
 Lupton D. Towards critical digital health studies: Reflections on two decades of
research in health and the way forward. University of Canberra, Australia. Health
(2021) Vol 20(1). 49-61.
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