Compaction and Stabilization

Equipment
Chapter 5
Topics and review questions

Prepared by Dr. Abdullah Alsehaimi and Dr. Ahmed Taha 1

Compaction of soil and rock
What is Consolidation?? can be thought of as the weight of soil(the load)
slowly coming into equilibrium
Consolidation is governed by??

What is the objective of soil Compaction? Compaction seeks to

improve soil properties for the purpose of:???

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Compaction methods
What are the Compaction methods??

The effectiveness of different compaction methods:

Table 5.1 soil types vs. the method of compaction

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Types of compacting equipment
Equipment manufacturers have developed a variety of compactors and each of these incorporates
at least one of the compaction methods.
What are The common types of compacting equipment ??

Table 5.2 principal method of compaction used by various compactors

Table 5.3 Appropriate project compaction equipment based on material type

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Types of compacting equipment
• Tamping rollers :??

Soil Compaction Equipment and Production

Prepared by Dr. Abdullah Alsehaimi & Dr. Ahmed Taha 5

Sheepsfoot Roller

• Small projections for kneading action

• Clayey or silty soils
• Good for fine grained soil and for aerating
• the soil to reduce the water content.
• Contact pressure = 1400-7000 kN/m2

(Das, 2000)
Types of compacting equipment
• Impact compactors ??
• Towed impact compactors ??
• Rapid Impact compactors ??

Soil Compaction Equipment and Production

Prepared by Dr. Abdullah Alsehaimi & Dr. Ahmed Taha 7
Types of compacting equipment
• Concept of Vibrating compactors :

Vibration has two measurements??

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Types of compacting equipment
The degree of compaction is a function of what??

How to optimize the roller speed with vibratory frequency??

The speed of the vibratory compactor expressed by the vibratory frequency and
desired impacts per foot is??
Speed of compactor, mph= ??
See example 5.1

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Types of compacting equipment
• Pneumatic-tired rollers : apply the
principal of kneading action to affect compaction
below the surface (Figure 5.6)
Four parameters must be known to determine the
compacting ability of pneumatic rollers:
1. ___
2. ___
3. ___
4. ___

• Pneumatic-Tired rollers with

variable inflation pressures:
• Are suitable for which kind of soil??

Soil Compaction Equipment and Production

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Types of compacting equipment
• Smooth-drum vibratory soil compactors : whether single dual-drum
models, generate three compactive forces: What are the three compactive
forces??
1. ___
2. ___
3. ___
These rollers (Fig 5.3) are most effective on Which kind of soil??

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Smooth-Wheeled Roller

• Sandy (non-cohesive) soils and

clayey soils
• 100% coverage
• Contact pressure = 300-400 kN/m2
• Static or vibratory
• “Proof” rolling (smooth surface)

(Das, 2000)
Soil Compaction Equipment and Production 13
Smooth-drum vibratory soil compactors
• Vibration has two measurements , What are they ??

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Smooth-drum vibratory soil compactors
• Amplitude may range from ____ to____inches or more while
frequency may range from ____ to ____ vpm or more.
• The degree of compaction is a function of What??
• ____
• ____
• ____

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Smooth-drum vibratory soil compactors
• What is the use of A test strip ??
• How to optimize the roller speed with vibratory frequency??

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Smooth-drum vibratory soil compactors
• Working speed ???
• The speed of the vibratory compactor expressed by ???

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Types of compacting equipment
• Padded-drum vibratory soil
compactors

Soil Compaction Equipment and Production

Prepared by Dr. Abdullah Alsehaimi 18

Soil Compaction Equipment and Production 19
Types of compacting equipment
• Compaction wheels
• Manually operated vibratory-plate compactor
• Manually operated rammer compactors

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Applicability for Soil Types

(Coduto, 1999)
Roller Production Estimating
The production formula for a compactor is
Compacted cubic yard per hour = ?????
Example 5.2

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Soil Stabilization
What is Soil Stabilization???
Whar are two kinds of stabilization??
In engineering construction, stabilization most often refers to ???

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Soil Stabilization
The two primary methods of stabilizing soils are????:
What are Stabilizers and what they are used for??

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Prepared by Dr. Abdullah Alsehaimi 25
Stabilization of Soils with Lime
How does lime reacts with high plasticity clay soils??
Lime can be used to ???
• Soil-Lime Chemistry
https://youtu.be/wOjwU_8zSe4

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Stabilization of Soils with Lime
• Lime Stabilization Construction Procedures
https://youtu.be/CkQqMHFnxwM

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Stabilization of Soils with Cement
• Soil cement construction procedures
• https://youtu.be/91ZUHoX2Mgw

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