5

Expt No: '2 Dale : ,..6, 5'

-i\ 1, J

BATCH REACTOR· NON-EQUIMOLAR CONSTANT VOLUME SYSTEM

Al'M:

To detennine the rate constant for the reaction between non-equimolar concentrationH
of Sodium Hydroxide and Ethyl acetate in a constant volume batch reactor.

APPARATUS:

Conical flasks, Burette, Pipette and Stop Watch

CHEMICALS:

Sodium Hydroxide (Na OH)

Ethyl Acetate (CH3 COO C2H5)
Acetic Acid (CH3 COOH)
Phenolphthalein Indicator

THEORY:

In the batch reactor the reactants are charged in to a container, are well mixed and are
left to react for a certain period. The resultant mixture is then discharged. This is an unsteady
state operation where in the concentration inside the reactor varies with time but uniform at
any instant of time.

Writing the material balance

Input = output + disappearance + accumulation

For a batch reactor, first two terms vanish
Rate of loss of reactant A within the reactor due to chemical reaction = - rate of accumulation
of reactant A within the reactor
= =
(-r.JV -dNA/dt NAo dxA/dt
XA
therefore, t = NAo JdxA/(-rAV)
0
For a constant volume batch reactor,

XA
t = CAo JdxA/(-rA)
0
THE ORDER OF THE REACTION HAS ALREADY BEEN VERIFIED IN EXPERIMENT
I AND VERIFIED TO BE 2
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We use the integral method of analysis or dala or rcaclants . For the second order reaclion of
non-cquimolar concentrations of A and B, A+B . ... > products,

M=Cno / CAo

We get the expression KCAo(M-1)* t = In [(M-XA)/M(l-XA)]

The plot of in l(M-XA)/M(l-XA)] Vs time t gives a straight line of slope equal to

KCAo (M-1) from which we can detennine the rate constant K.

REACTION:.

In the present experiment the following saponification reaction between Sodium

Hydroxide(NaOH) and ethyl Acetate (CH3 COO C 2 H5 ) is studied.

NaOH+ CH3 COO C2 Hs .. .. . .> CH3 COO Na+ C2H5OH

PROCEDURE:

250ml of NaOH and 500ml of CH3 COO C2 H5 of known concentrations CAo and CBo
(CAo = CBo = 0.05N) are taken in to a conical flask and start mixing thoroughly. The conical
flask serves as the batch reactor. Then 10ml of he reaction mixture are taken separately in
each of the eight different conical flasks labeled 1 to 8. A reaction time of 5,10,15,20,25,30,
40 and 50 minutes is' given for each sample respectively. After the reaction time, the reaction
is arrested by adding excess Acetic acid solution of known concentration and volume (0.05N,
20 ml). The excess Acetic acid is estimated by titration against Sodium Hydroxide solution
of known concentration (0.05N) to determine the moles of unconverted Sodium Hydroxide in
the reaction mixture at the time of arresting the reaction. From this we can find out tQ.e
conversion XA at that instant.

OBSERVATION TABLE:

Batch No Time (min) Initial Volume of Volume ofNaOH

Acetic acid Added Rundown
Yo ml V,ml
1 5 1.0 .,...h l L.i -S
2 10 'l.O "°'1 \?. . ?
3 15 '1.0 _\ \ I ,'2-
4 20 '1.0 .-\ \ oA
5 25 'l.0-\ C\' 8
6 30
7 40
8 50
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CALCULATIONS:

Balch Volume of Volume of Moles of Concenlralion

No Acetic acid Acetic acid NaOl-1 NaOH XA M-X,JM( l-
not used used unreacted CA XA)
V1 ml (Vo - V1)ml Mole/liters
l 15 . 5
\ 1.\- . 5 '2 , ':)-5-wlt.- t.. 0 ·0 2 '.:l-S OJt~ ?,, , i 1,;
~

2 \ '2 -3 -=t ~,- 3 ,%~)dio-4- o ,01ss tl •» 2. . <.r3

3
-
\ l •2 <i? .. R 4,4-'>ll o- 4 0 , 0 ~4-0 ()/ll2, '1.. · 3,·51
4
-
Io ,C\ 9 .1- 4• ·~r;>4 I o- t-. 0 , O 1,, 5.5 o.-n 1- . 2.- a:!>
5 C\ ,g 5 Io-Lt
ID•2 , 'l- "'>O 0 .. 0510 0 •(.'\ 2..11 2..
6

Volume of acetic acid not used (V 1ml)
Volume of acetic acid taken (VO ml)
Volume of acetic acid used for arresting
Moles of acetic acid used
= Volume of N aOH used in the back titration
=20ml
= (V0 - V1) ml
= (V 0 - V1) * 0.05 * 10-3
= Moles of NaOH unused in the reaction
mixture at the time of arresting

Concentration of NaOH in the reaction mixture at the time of arresting the reaction (CA) =
Moles of NaOH unused / Volume of reaction mixture.
= [((V0 - V1) * 0.05 * 10-3 / 10*10-3] mol/lit
fuitial concentration of NaOH in the reaction mixture= CAo = 0.05/3 = ~ Mol/lit
0 0
Conversion= XA = (CAo - CA)/CAo • 1c.<,,
M= CaolCAo =2

GRAPH:

Toe plot of [(M-XA)/M(l-XA)] Vs time t gives a straight line of slope equal to KCAo (M-
l) from which we can determine the rate constant K.

Related Exercise: (i) Derive rate equation for non Equimolar system for elementary second
order reaction, (ii) analysis the result by doing the experiments with one reactant as excess.

RESULT:

For the saponification of ethyl acetate by Sodium hydroxide, the rate constant has
been determined and found to be