MOVING WELL AND UNDERSTANDING MOVEMENT: Learners develop their proficiency and inde

1. GROSS MOTOR SKILLS:

Is the ability that the student is acquiring to harmoniously (with control) move the muscles of his body and
maintain balance, in addition to acquiring agility, strength and speed in his movements.

TOPIC

BALANCE

AGILITY

STRENGTH

SPEED
 JUMPING

COORDINATE AND CONTROL

BODY MOVEMENTS
G WELL AND UNDERSTANDING MOVEMENT: Learners develop their proficiency and independence in movement, linking actions togeth

1. GROSS MOTOR SKILLS:

student is acquiring to harmoniously (with control) move the muscles of his body and
lance, in addition to acquiring agility, strength and speed in his movements.

DEFINITION

Balance is the ability to stay upright or stay in control of body movement.

Change the position of the body in an effective way.

Ability to overcome external resistance through muscle activation

Ability to move in a space in the shortest possible time

 Consists of fast, explosive movements which activate the fast-twitch
muscle fibers associated with building muscle, strength and power.

Motor coordination is the ability to coordinate muscle activation in a

sequence that preserves posture. The use of muscle synergies in postural
reactions and sway strategies in standing are examples of this
coordination and are described in the upcoming section on neural
control.

Movement is the change in the position of a body part with respect to

the whole body
ency and independence in movement, linking actions together in different and innovative ways. They enhance their control, fluency, a

2.FINE MOTOR SKILLS:

Fine motor skills involve small muscles working with the brain and nervous system to control movements in areas such
as the hands, fingers, lips, tongue, and eyes. Developing fine motor skills helps children do things like eating, writing,
manipulating objects, and getting dressed.

TOPIC

DOMINANT and NON-DOMINANT HAND-

FINGERS EYES

MANIPULATING OBJECTS

BOTH HANDS AND SMALLER MATERIALS

 actions together in different and innovative ways. They enhance their control, fluency, and variety in differentiate roles, in a range of

3. BODY AWARENES
2.FINE MOTOR SKILLS:
Is how conscious and connected you are to yo
uscles working with the brain and nervous system to control movements in areas such
as kinesthesia, or the awareness of the positi
ue, and eyes. Developing fine motor skills helps children do things like eating, writing,
parts in relation to muscles and joints. In short,
manipulating objects, and getting dressed.
your body is in spac

DEFINITION TOPIC

In human biology, handedness is an individual's preferential use of one

hand, known as the dominant hand, due to it being stronger, faster or
more dextrous. The other hand, comparatively often the weaker, less MOTOR PLAN
dextrous or simply less subjectively preferred, is called the non-dominant
hand.

Object manipulation is when someone performs by physically interacting

BODY THROUGH
with one or more objects.

Ambidextrousness is the ability to skillfully use both hands. It's similar to

mixed-handedness, which involves using different hands for different INTEROCEPTIVE
tasks

PROPRIOCEPTIVE
SPATIAL AWARENESS
n differentiate roles, in a range of activities, on different surfaces, and with different equipment. Also, learners develop their understa

3. BODY AWARENESS: 4. NON LOCOMOTOR SKILS or AXIAL MOVEMENTS:

cious and connected you are to your own body. It's also known Defined as movements of the body where one or more parts
esia, or the awareness of the position and movement of body maintain contact with the ground (or apparatus), in which
tion to muscles and joints. In short, it's how you recognize where transportation of the body through space, or from place to place is
your body is in space. not required.

DEFINITION TOPIC

Motor planning is a skill that allows us to remember

and perform steps to make a movement happen. BENDING
We use motor planning for all physical activities.

The position and movement of body parts in

FLEXING
relation to muscles and joints.

Interoception is the perception of sensations from

inside the body and includes the perception of
physical sensations related to internal organ
STRETCH
functions such as heartbeat, respiration, and satiety,
as well as the autonomic nervous system activity
related to emotions.

The proprioception definition is the body's ability to

know the relative position of neighboring parts of
SWING
the body and the intensity of muscular effort being
utilized in movement.
 Spatial awareness is knowing where your body is in
space in relation to objects or other people. To have
good spatial awareness you also need to understand TWIST
and respond to a change in position from these
objects.

TURNING

CURLING

SWAY

EXTENDING

RAISING
ROTATING

SHAKING

PULLING

FREEZE

ROCK
nd with different equipment. Also, learners develop their understanding of describing and analyzing movements and patterns. They ob

4. NON LOCOMOTOR SKILS or AXIAL MOVEMENTS:

Defined as movements of the body where one or more parts 5. LOCOMOTOR SKILLS:
maintain contact with the ground (or apparatus), in which Locomotor skills allow them to move through different
ansportation of the body through space, or from place to place is environments, moving their body from one place to another.
not required.

DEFINITION TOPIC

To move a body from a straight position to a curved

WALKING
or angular position.

This occurs when the angle of a joint decreases. MARCHING

To move or draw out part of your body by extending

RUNNING
oneself or a body part.

To move a body part back and forth that is suspended

JUMPING
from above.
 To turn a part of your body back and forth. CRAWLING

To move around on an axis. Rotate your body around. HOPPING

Move a limb (elbow or knee) from a straightened

CLIMBING
position to a curled or coiled position.

To move a body part from side to side while your

GALLOPING
body is on the ground.

Extension – straightening a joint. This occurs when

SLIDING
the angle of a joint increases

Lifting and raising movements like in arm extensions

SKIPPING
are examples of non-locomotor movements
 This is where the limb moves in a circular movement
around a fixed joint towards or away from the midline LEAPING
of the body.

To move or sway with short , quick irregular

JOGGING
movements.

Exerting force onto an object to make it move toward

the source of the force (Physical Education a
Kindergarten Curriculum Guide, n.d.).

Don't move any body part and be in a still position

with nothing moving.
To move a body part back and forth while your body
is on the ground.
ing of describing and analyzing movements and patterns. They observe, discuss, interpret, and evaluate movements, rules, and strateg

6. MANIPULATIVE SKILLS or OBJECT CONTROL SKILLS (OCS):

5. LOCOMOTOR SKILLS: Movement skills that require an ability to handle an object or
Locomotor skills allow them to move through different piece of equipment with control. They include skills such as
environments, moving their body from one place to another. kicking, striking, dribbling, or catching a ball. Can also be referred
to as 'object control skills'.

DEFINITION TOPIC

Walking is the transfer of weight from one foot to the

other while moving forwards or backwards. One foot is
UNDERHAND THROW
always in contact with the ground, and the arms swing
freely in opposite directions.

When you are walking at a faster pace than usual, and

with purpose. When a child is marching, they will
swing their arms by their sides in a controlled way, and CATCHING
they'll bring their knees upwards in a more organized
and uniform manner than running.

Is a rapid movement that involves transferring weight

from one foot to the other with a brief loss of contact BOUNCE
with the ground by both feet.

Moving going up and down, with both feet in the air at

once; can also mean jumping off a height or jumping DRIBBLING
forward.
 Is a slow creeping mode of locomotion consisting of
forward motion while the children's weight is PASSING
supported by their hands (or forearms) and knees.

Is a continuous rhythmical locomotor skill,

characterised by taking off and landing on the same KICKING
foot.

Climbing is locomotion over vertical or steeply inclined

ROLLING
surfaces.

Forward movement - front foot stays in front, back

LIFTING
foot never passes front foot.

(sidewards movement - feet don't cross) -feet go apart

PULLING
and then together.

Skipping requires alternate motion from the left side

to the right and then continues to alternate from left PUSHING
to right.
 Like a long step but both feet come off the ground. STRIKING TOOLS

Is a rapid movement that involves transferring weight

from one foot to the other with a brief loss of contact OVERHAND THROW
with the ground by both feet. Keeping the same paste.
d evaluate movements, rules, and strategies and use success criteria to improve their own and others’ movements. Demonstrate the a

LLS or OBJECT CONTROL SKILLS (OCS):

equire an ability to handle an object or 7. BASIC PHYSICAL ABILITIES:
ith control. They include skills such as Basic physical abilities, also known as basic physical skills, are essential components of
g, or catching a ball. Can also be referred performance can be improved through their training.
'object control skills'.

DEFINITION TOPIC DEFINITION

A throw made with the arm

or hand below shoulder
level.

Anticipating where a ball

can be intercepted as well
as the ability to complete
the movements that
position the hands at that
location.
Strength is the amount of force a
muscle can exert against a
resistance. The amount of force
STRENGTH that can be exerted by a muscle
depends on the size and number of
the muscles involved, as well as
When an object such as a the type of muscle fibres used.
ball bounces or when you
bounce it, it moves upwards
from a surface or away from
it immediately after hitting
it.

To dribble a ball is to tap it

continuously as it bounces
on the ground.
 A pass consists of an
intentional transfer of the
ball/material from one
player to another of the
same team.
Flexibility refers to the ability of
muscles, joints, and soft tissues to
move through an unrestricted,
pain-free range of motion. It
FLEXIBILITY involves the capacity of these
structures to stretch, lengthen, and
contract without limitations,
The kick is a manipulative allowing for smooth and efficient
striking skill characterised by movement.
producing force from the
foot to an object.

Ball rolling is a manipulative

skill where a child exerts
force onto a ball which is on SPEED The ability to move all or part of the body a
a surface that supports the
object

The resistance in physical education is the ability of an orga

Refers to the act of moving a long period of time, as well as its ability to resist, endur
something from a position trauma, injury or fatigue. Muscular endurance is the bod
RESISTANCE
on a lower surface to a tired. Resistance is usually used in reference to aerobic an
higher one of high resistance varies according to the type of effort; m
exercise, and hours or days for low intensi

Movement is toward the

The ability to coordinate the movement of your arms, legs,
body. Dragging the object to GROSS BODY COORDINATION
body is in motion.
make it move.

A physical force steadily

applied in a direction away GROSS BODY EQUILIBRIUM The ability to keep or regain your body balance or stay up
from the body exerting it.
 Activities in which players
score points by striking an
object and running to Stamina is the mental and physical ability to sustain an acti
designated playing areas or talk about stamina, they often use it to refer to the feeling
STAMINA
prevent opponents from doing an activity. Endurance refers to your body's physical
scoring by retrieving the an extended period.
object and returning it to
stop the play.

The overhand throw is a

complex motor skill that
involves the entire body in a
series of linked movements
starting from the legs,
progressing up through the
pelvis and trunk, and
culminating in a ballistic
motion in the arm that
propels a projectile forward.
ers’ movements. Demonstrate the ability to select and perform appropriate skills to produce effective performance in practical activitie

8. MOVEMENT PATTERNS:
Movement patterns allow the body to be coordinated in tho
C PHYSICAL ABILITIES:
movement patterns of lateral motion, weight transfer, forward
skills, are essential components of physical fitness since physical
down motion, and coordinating upper and lower body mov
e improved through their training.
applied biomechanics to improve the physical techniques in
activity or sport.

SUBTOPIC DEFINITION TOPIC

Static strength is the ability to

apply a force where the length
STATIC STRENGTH of the muscle does not change SIMPLE COORDINATION
and there is no visible
movement at a joint.

Explosive strength is the speed

at which you can use your
strength! It involves heavy
EXPLOSIVE STRENGTH BODY THROUGH
loading in shorter high speed
movements for a few repetitions
with long rest periods between.

The ability to exert muscle force

repeatedly or continuously over
DYNAMIC STRENGTHG time. This involves muscular WEIGHT TRANSFER
endurance and resistance to
muscle fatigue.

The ability to use your

abdominal and lower back
TRUNK STRENGHT muscles to support part of the FORWARD MOTION
body repeatedly or continuously
over time
 Defined as the ability to flex or
EXTENT FLEXIBILITY stretch the trunk and back LOWER BODY MOVEMENTS
muscles as far as possible-

Dynamic flexibility was defined

DYNAMIC FLEXIBILITY as the ability to make repeated, BIOMECHANICS
rapid, flexing movements.

ity to move all or part of the body as quickly as possible HIP HINGE

al education is the ability of an organism to strive and remain active for

as well as its ability to resist, endure, recover, and have immunity to
ue. Muscular endurance is the body's ability to move without getting
ally used in reference to aerobic and anaerobic exercise. The definition
es according to the type of effort; minutes for high intensity anaerobic
e, and hours or days for low intensity aerobic exercise.

e the movement of your arms, legs, and torso together when the whole
body is in motion.

egain your body balance or stay upright when in an unstable position.

nd physical ability to sustain an activity for a long period. When people
ey often use it to refer to the feeling of being peppy or energetic while
ance refers to your body's physical capability to sustain an exercise for
an extended period.

ROTATIONAL AND DIAGONAL

effective performance in practical activities.

8. MOVEMENT PATTERNS:
s allow the body to be coordinated in those simple, basic
of lateral motion, weight transfer, forward motion, up and
d coordinating upper and lower body movements. Also
nics to improve the physical techniques in each physical
activity or sport.

DEFINITION

Is defined as the ability to exercised partially

or in stages that can then be connected until
a correct motor performance is achieved.

The complete development and harmonious

union of the body and the mind develop
through natural total-body activities,
primarily on the play level, the physically,
mentally, and socially integrated and
effective individual.

This is the ability to safely move your weight

from one side of the body to the other

The body movements that implies toward a

goal in a forward sequence
Lower-body exercises are designed to build
strength in the lower back, hips, glutes, and
legs. Lower-body exercises include lunges,
squats, deadlifts, and more. Exercising your
lower body builds foundational strength for
everyday

Biomechanics is the study of human

movement including the interaction between
the participant and equipment

The hip hinge is essentially limiting the

movement potential of the entire system to
having all flexion and extension driven from
the hip joint. The goal is to have the spine
stay neutral throughout the entire
movement.
 TAKING PART: Learners participate positively in a variety of individual, pair and group activities and deepe
collaborative, leadership and social skills, understand that people have differen
Fg to Tr 1th to 3rd
Topics 1st period Game rules Fair play and honesty

Games with rules is a level of play that

imposes rules that must be followed by the
The sports/games include playing according to the
players. It requires self-regulation by the
Definition rules and not having an unfair advantage. Fair and
children who play, so they can successfully
honest treatment of people.
follow the rules and curb their own personal
ego needs.

Topics 2st period Collaborate with other´s Sportmanship

Definition Collaborating happens when two or more Sportsmanship means playing within the rules and
people work together to achieve a common understanding and using sports etiquette. It is
goal. Therefore, collaboration skills cover playing fairly in the spirit of the game, showing
everything it takes to work well with others respect and fair play to opponents and graciousness
and deliver results as a team in both victory and defeat.
and group activities and deepen their understanding of concepts of team and group work. They develop their
and that people have different movement strengths and give supportive feedback.
4th to 6th 7th to 11th
Leadership tactics Co-responsability

Leadership is considered as a behavioral process that

Cooperative and co-responsibility is an activity that
influences individuals and groups toward set goals.
establishes a common goal between group members,
Tactics, generally refers to a player's system of acting,
who then work together toward this, cooperating and
system of various alternatives of decision-making
supporting one another. Through the cooperation of
responses, which allows in a time-bounded concept of
peers, the effectiveness of individual learning is
a goal realize player's conduct and team's conduct
improved, and group goals can be achieved.
within the short-term relation.

Team effort Leadership

The sport/games require people to follow written and

The combined efforts and action of a group, especially unwritten rules to make it fair. It expects people to
when effective and efficient, to achieve a common behave responsibly to ensure respect, fairness, and
purpose or goal safety. In this way, it promotes social values
 REFERENCES

Resources for Further Exploration

-ChooseMyPlate.gov. Alexandria, VA: United States Department of Agriculture (USDA),
Center
for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, n.d.www.choosemyplate.gov
-EatSmart Nutrition Education. Lynnwood: Washington State Dairy Council, n.d.
www.eatsmart.org
-Health and Physical Education. Olympia, WA: Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction.
www.k12.wa.us/HealthFitness
-Medical Dictionary Online at The Free Dictionary by Farlex. medical
dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/
-National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
www.cdc.gov/nchs
-National PE Standards. Reston, VA: SHAPE America (Society of Health and Physical
Educators),
n.d. www.shapeamerica.org/standards/pe
-Nutrition.gov. Alexandria, VA: United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 2015.
www.nutrition.gov
-PE Central. Blacksburg, VA: PE Central, 2015. www.pecentral.org
-p.e.l inks4u: Promoting Active and Healthy Lifestyles. Ellensburg: Central Washington
University, 2016. www.pelinks4u.org