I. Definitions and Branches (d) Range- it is the straight distance between
the muzzle and the target A. Definitions 1. Effective range- the distance in which the Forensic Ballistics is the science of shooter has total control of firearms identification which involves the the target scientific examination of fired bullets, fired shells, 2. Maximum range- the firearms, and other allied matters farthest distance the bullet can travel Ballistics- the study of motion of projectile (e) Velocity- it is the speed of the bullet per Forensic- application of science (knowledge and unit of time technology) to law, to settle legal issues for the (f) Air Resistance- it is the atmospheric administration of justice resistance encountered by the bullet Science- it is the systematic body of knowledge during its flight Motion- it refers to movements of the bullet (g) Pull of Gravity- it is the downward force that let the bullet drops Types of Motion (h) Penetration- it is the depth of entry of the ➢ Direct- it is the forward motion of the bullet to the target bullet caused by exploding force of gunpowder. 3. Terminal Ballistics- it is the branch of ➢ Rotary/ Rotational- it is the spinning ballistics that has attributes and properties movement of the bullet during its flight when the bullet has strike the target. due to helical formation of rifling. (a) Terminal Accuracy- it is the grouping of ➢ Translational- it is the deflecting of the bullets to the target bullet from the target upon its strike to an (b) Terminal Velocity- it is the speed of the object causing it to failure of hitting the bullet when it hit the target target. (c) Terminal Energy- it is the energy of the bullet when it hit the target B. Branches of Ballistics (d) Terminal Penetration- it is the depth of 1. Internal Ballistics- it is the branch of the bullet when it penetrated the target ballistics that have attributes and properties when the bullet is moving inside the firearm. 4. Forensic Ballistics- it is the study of firearm Attributes identifications (a) Firing pin hitting the primer (a) Field investigation- it is the branch (b) Ignition of priming mixture of forensic ballistics that concerns on (c) Combustion of gunpowder the collection of physical evidence (d) Expansion of heated gas from the crime scene (e) Pressure develops (b) Technical Examination- it is the (f) Energy generated analysis, evaluation and comparison (g) Recoil of the gun of the physical evidence submitted to (h) Velocity of the bullet inside the barrel the crime laboratory (i) Rotation of the bullet (c) Court Presentation- it is the (j) Engraving of cylindrical surface of the presentation of ballistic exhibit to the bullet court
2. External Ballistics- it is the branch of 5. Shot Ballistics- it is the new branch of
ballistics that has attributes and properties ballistics that deals with the study of smooth when the bullets is moving during its flight. bored firearms. Attributes (a) Muzzle Blast- it is the noise created in the muzzle of the firearm (b) Muzzle Energy- it is the energy created Classes of Shotgun Projectiles in the muzzle of the firearm • Birdshot- a projectile that are typically smaller and more numerous & (c) Trajectory- it is the actual curved path of commonly use for hunting the bullet
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• Buckshot- a projectile that is larger than birdshot and commonly use in law 1898- Paul Jesrich –took microphotograph of two enforcement and home defense. bullets for comparison • Single Projectile (Rifled slug) – a slug for shotgun. 1910- Victor Balthazard used enlarge photograph of Gauge bullets to determine the type of weapons Gauge is the nominal caliber of shotgun expressed in the ratio of weight of a lead ball 1920- Calvin Goddard, Charles Waite and Phillip to a pound whose diameter is equal to the bore. Gravell developed the bullet comparison microscope and established the Bureau of Forensics on 1923 Grade of Barrel’s Choke • Unchoked 1926- Goddard took over the Bureau and used the • Choked findings of ballistics examination by using the bullet 6. Wound Ballistics- it is the new branch of comparison microscope in the case of Saco and ballistics that deals with the study of the Venzetti effects of gunshot to human body 1991- Walsh Automation Inc. developed the Gunshot Wound- it is a wound incurred by a person Integrated Ballistics Identification System (IBIS) due to gunshot 1999- A memorandum of understanding between FBI Types of Gunshot Wound and ATF to use the National Integrated Ballistics • Entrance Wound- wound in which the Network bullet has entered • Exit Wound- wound in which the bullet went Important Personalities in Firearms out Types According to Range • Contact discharge- pressed against the skin Col. Calvin H. Goddard MD - Father of Modern up to 2 inches Ballistics • Close discharge- 2 to 6 inches Horace Smith – Founder of Smith and Wesson and • Distant discharge- beyond 6 inches Pioneered the making id the Breech-loading rifles. Features of GSW Daniel B. Wesson – Partner of Smith in revolver • Permanent Cavity- it is the damage in the making. skin incurred by the bullet John M. Browning – Wizard of modern firearms and • Contact Ring- burns incurred due to the pioneered the breech-loading single shot rifle. contact of bore to the skin John T. Thompson – Pioneered the Making of • Grey Ring- dirt deposits at the margin of Thompson Submachine Gun. wound composed of oil and scrape metals David “carbine” Williams – Maker of the first filing known carbine. • Micro Tears- small tears at the margin Alexander John Forsyth – Father of the Percussion usually caused by high velocity rifle ignition • Branding- burning of wound caused by hot Elisha King Root – Designed the Machinery for gases from gunpowder • Tattooing- deposition of unburned making Colt firearms. gunpowder around the wound Samuel Colt – Produced the first practical revolver. • Smudging- deposition of smoke around the Henry Deringer – He gave his name to whole class wound of firearms. Hiram Maxim – Automatic machine gun Factors that affect GSW James Wolf – Model 1885 rifle musket As to Target’s strength • Density of organ III. Firearms • Length of tissue A. Definition • Nature of media (air or water) Firearm- an instrument designed to propel bullets As to the Bullet Characteristic using the expansive force of gunpowder • Bullet Mass • Energy & Speed of the Bullet B. Typologies • Size and Shape of Bullet • Movement of Bullet i. Two Groups of Firearms ii. Long Arms/ Shoulder Arms – firearms meant to be fired from shoulder II. History of Firearm identification (a) Rifles- firearms that have single chamber, rifled barrel and barrel 1889- Alexander Lacassagne attempted to length of at least twenty two inches individualize bullets to firearm; the basis of comparison (22 inch.) is the lands and grooves marks found in the bullet
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(b) Carbines- firearms that have specifications similar to the rifles C. Parts of Firearm except that the barrel length that does 1. Pistol not exceed more than 22 inches. i. Frame Assembly- this consists of main (c) Shotgun- a smooth bored firearm frame, hand grip, charging spring, that can propel pellets in one shot magazine well, hammer, main spring, (d) Machine Gun- a firearm that is trigger, trigger guard, thumb safety primarily used for military that can button, slide release button, magazine propel large amount of bullets release button, and side straps (e) Sub Machine Gun- a firearm that ii. Slide Assembly- it consists of top strap, has mechanical specification similar ejecting port, ejector, extractor, charging to machine gun but propels handgun grip, front sight, rear sight, breech, firing bullets pin and firing pin spring iii. Short Arms/ Hand Arms iii. Barrel Assembly- it consists of the barrel (a) Pistol- a single chambered, firearm tube, chamber, bore, muzzle and rifling with charging slide and magazine fed iv. Magazine Assembly- it consists of mechanism magazine case, ramp, spring, magazine (b) Revolver- a firearm with revolving lips and magazine butt cylinder containing chambers and the actuation of hammer and rotation of 2. Revolver cylinder i. Frame Assembly- it consists of frame, 2. General Classification (internal construction) hand grip, side strap main spring, i. Smooth bored firearm- firearms in hammer, trigger, trigger guard, top strap, which the muzzles have no rifling cylinder release notch, and rear sight ii. Rifled Arms- firearms in which the ii. Barrel assembly- it consists of barrel muzzles have rifling tube, bore, muzzle, rifling, and front sight 3. Main Types of Firearms (acc. to iii. Cylinder Assembly- it consists of caliber/projectile propelled) cylinder, chambers, ejector, ejector spring i. Artillery- firearms in which the caliber is and yoke greater than one inch ii. Small Arms- firearms in which the 3. Long arms caliber is less than one inch i. Frame Assembly- it consists of frame, 4. Classification according to Trigger shoulder butt, trigger, trigger guard, rear mechanism sight and fore handle i. Single Action- firearm in which the ii. Barrel Assembly- it consists of barrel trigger releases only the hammer tube, bore, muzzle, rifling, front sight and ii. Double Action – firearm in which trigger chamber both pulls and releases the hammer iii. Stock Assembly- it consists of bolt, 5. Types According to Mechanical Construction hammer, firing pin, firing pin spring. i. Single shot firearms- a firearm that can discharge one bullet per loading IV. Ammunitions ii. Repeating Arms- a firearm that can A. Definitions discharge several bullets per loading Ammunition- is the complete unfired iii. Bolt Action Type- a firearm that has unit composed of cartridge shell, bullet, primer and outside bolt that is being pulled manually gunpowder. to load and eject ammunitions iv. Lever Action Type- a firearm in which the loading and ejecting of ammunition is manipulated by moving the outside lever B. Parts of Ammunition placed adjacent to trigger and handle 1. Bullet- it serves as the projectile of the v. Slide Action Type- a firearm in which the ammunition loading and ejecting is performed by 2. Shell- it is the metallic case that holds the parts pulling the handle below the barrel line. into one complete unit vi. Semi Automatic Type- it is the firearm 3. Gunpowder- it is the propellant that moves that propels single bullet in one squeeze the bullet upon its combustion of trigger 4. Primer- it is the part of ammunition that vii. Automatic Type- it is the firearm that ignites the propellant continuously propels bullets while there are available ammunitions in stock and C. Types the trigger is pressed. 1. According to Power
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i. Low power-cartridge that has a muzzle (a) Round velocity of less than 1,850 fps. (b) Pointed ii. High Power- cartridge that has a muzzle (c) Flat velocity between 1,925 fps and 2,500 fps. (d) Hollow Point iii. High Intensity- cartridge that has a (e) Wad muzzle velocity of more than 2,500 fps (f) Semi Wad 2. According to Firearm where it is used i. Handgun Ammunition- these are iii. Types According to Shape of Base ammunitions used in handguns usually (a) Flat base with straight shaped shells (b) Round Base ii. Rifle Ammunition- these are (c) Hollow base ammunitions that are used in long arms (d) Boat tail with bottle necked shell and pointed/ or boat tail shaped bullets. iv. Other Types iii. Shotgun Ammunition- these are (a) Armor Piercing- a bullet designed to ammunitions for shotguns with straight penetrate armors shaped shells with wad inside the shell (b) Tracer bullet- bullet that illuminates that pushed the pellets upon combustion when discharge to guide the shooter of gunpowder. whether the bullets strikes the target or not D. Bullet (c) Incendiary bullet- bullet that 1. Definition explodes due to explosives in the core Bullet- it is the metallic or non metallic and fuse at the nose. cylindrical part of ammunition that serves as (d) Fragmentary Bullet- bullet that its projectile dismember when it strike the target (e) Soft Point- bullet that has a hollow 2. Parts point but has a rubber that expands to i. Base- it is the part of the bullet that avoid penetration beyond the receives the impact of explosion of targeted human gunpowder ii. Heel- it is the part of bullet where the heel E. Shell and bearing surface meet 1. Definition iii. Bearing Surface-it is the peripheral part Shell/ Casing- it is the container for the of bullet that encounters friction with the ammunition and holds all the parts together. muzzle surface when the bullet moves iv. Core- it is the mass part of the bullet 2. Parts v. Cannelure-a depression around the i. Mouth- it is the opening where the bullet bearing surface that locks the bullet to the is inserted during manufacturing process crimp during manufacture process ii. Crimp- the part of the mouth that locks vi. Shoulder- it is the meeting point between the bullet to avoid unnecessary movement ogive and bearing surface iii. Cannelure- it is the part inside the bullet vii. Head Height-it is the length of the head where the bullet is based to avoid between the bearing surface towards the shrinking inside the shell point iv. Neck- it is the part that holds the bullet viii. Ogive-it is the curved part of the bullet v. Shoulder- it is the part that supports the extending from shoulder towards the nose neck ix. Nose/Point- it is the most anterior part of vi. Brass case- it is the tubular metallic part the bullet that hits directly the target that covers the propellant x. Meplat- it is the diameter of the bullet’s vii. Extracting groove- a groove around the nose. anterior part of shell that is being held by the extractor of firearm for easy extraction 3. Types during unloading i. According to mechanical Structure viii. Rim- it is the part of shell that prevents (a) Lead Bullet- the type of bullet that is the shell from moving forward while made up of lead, tin and steel inside the chamber (b) Jacketed Bullet- type of bullet that is ix. Base- it is the part of shell behind the rim covered by copper/nickel strips that x. Shell head- it is the surface of the rim prevents it to be dismembered where stamps are located xi. Stamp- these are entries indicating the ii. Types According to Shape of Nose brand and caliber of ammunition
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xii. Primer Pocket- it is the space at the base ii. Boxer- smaller primer in which the anvil where the primer shall be inserted is placed inside the cup xiii. Vent/Flash hole- it is the hole extending from primer pocket towards inside the 4. Types of Priming Mixture shell that allows flame to combust the i. Corrosive propellant. ii. Non corrosive
3. Classifications V. General Characteristics of Firearms
i. According to Shape (a) Straight- shell with no shoulder A. Definition (b) Bottle necked- shell with shoulder General Characteristics pertain to the set and neck is smaller than shell of indicators that comprises the identity of the (c) Tapered- an obsolete type used in Jet firearm. magnum .22 B. Types of General Characteristics 1. Class Characteristics- these are ii. According to Rim characteristics of firearms that is within the (a) Rimmed- the diameter of rim is will of manufacturer. larger than the diameter of the shell 2. Individual Characteristics- these are (b) Semi rimmed- the diameter of rim is characteristics of firearm that is beyond the quite larger than the diameter of the control of manufacturer shell (c) Rimless- the diameter of rim and of C. Class Characteristics the shell are equal 1. Parts of Class Characteristics (d) Rebated- the diameter of rim is i. Caliber smaller than the diameter of the shell ii. Number of land (e) Belted type- the shell has a ring iii. Number of groove above the extracting groove iv. Height of land v. Depth of groove F. Gunpowder vi. Twist 1. Definition vii. Pitch of rifling It is a solid powdered substance inside the shell that is combusted to propel the bullet 2. Common Class Characteristics i. Steyr Type 4R-GL 2. Types ii. Smith and Wesson Type 5R-GL i. Black powder-it is composed of the iii. Browning Type 6R-G2X following iv. Colt Type 6L-G2X (a) Potassium Nitrate (Saltpeter)75% v. Webley Type 7R-G3X (b) Carbon 15% vi. Army Type 4R-G3X (c) Sulfur 10% D. Individual Characteristics ii. Smokeless type 1. Sources i. Imperfection of Machine Tools G. Primer ii. Wear and tear of firearm parts 1. Definition It is the part of the ammunition that ignites 2. Striations- these are tiny scratches left by the the gunpowder by means of percussion firearm to shells and bullets it discharges; these markings are identical to all shell and 2. Parts bullets that were discharge from it i. Priming cup- the metallic container of sensitive material E. Marks left by the Firearm ii. Priming mixture- it is a sensitive 1. Bullet material that ignites by percussion i. Land mark- mark left due to friction that iii. Disc- it is a paper placed above the occurred between land and bearing mixture to avoid displacement surface iv. Anvil- it is a metal where the mixture was ii. Groove mark- mark left between crushed against to ignite landmarks iii. Skid mark- marks left indicating the 3. Types of Primer movement of bullet without spinning; it i. Berdan – primer that is large and anvil is occurs usually on eroded muzzles attached to shell of ammunition
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iv. Slippage mark- marks left usually to 2. Sketches over sized bullet 3. Evidence Log Sheet v. Shave mark- marks left to bullet in which 4. Report a part was sliced due to imperfect 5. Labels and Tags alignment E. Collection of Evidence 1. Firearms must be collected by inserting shoe 2. Shell lace/strings/ or handkerchiefs to trigger guard i. Firing pin mark- mark left by the firing for lifting. pin at the priming cup 2. Shells, bullets, and ammunition may be picked ii. Breech face mark- marks left by the using tweezers or thongs; hand picking is breech to priming cup due to pressure allowed provided that gloves are worn prior to against it during combustion collection. iii. Chamber mark- mark left by chamber to shell F. Marking of Evidence iv. Pivot mark- mark indicating the spin of 1. Place initials and date shell inside the chamber 2. Don’t use X v. Extractor mark- mark left by extracting 3. Place marks on barrel, slide, frame, and pin when the shell was pressed against it cylinder in case of firearm vi. Ejector mark- mark left by ejector to 4. Place marks on brass case and mouth in case shell head during automatic withdrawal of shell when it was discharge 5. Place marks on ogive and base of the bullet vii. Magazine lip mark- mark left by magazine lip during feeding process G. Preservation of Evidence 1. Place the firearm on envelopes or paper bags VI. Crime Scene Search 2. For bullets and shells, wrap each to a piece of cotton and place separately either in film caps A. Definition or coin/mail envelope. It is the act performed to identify, collect, record, mark and preserve physical evidence VII. Gunshot Residue Analysis found in the crime scene A. Definition B. Activities During the Search Gunshot residues are particles left in the 1. Identification- it is the recognition of objects hands after firearm discharge. in the crime scene that have evidentiary value. 2. Recording- it is the keeping of evidence’ data Gunshot residues analysis- it is the and information. evaluation made to a person to determine whether 3. Collection- it is the act of recovering physical such has discharged a firearm or not by evidence from the crime scene establishing the presence of gunshot residues in 4. Marking- it is the placing of marks to hands and other body parts. evidence for securing prior to storing in evidence room B. Types of Gunshot Residue Analysis 5. Preservation- it is the placing of evidence to 1. Dermal Nitrate Test (Paraffin Test)- a test container with proper tags and labels using paraffin wax as primary reagent and detects the presence of Nitrate Compounds C. Identification of Ballistic Relevant Items 2. Harrison and Gilroy Test- a test using Dilute 1. Types of Evidence Relevant to Ballistics Hydrochloric Acid, and other reagents to i. Firearm determine the presence of priming mixtures ii. Fired Bullet like lead, mercury, and barium. iii. Fired Shell iv. Ammunitions VIII. Technical Examination v. Gloves A. Laboratory Equipment vi. Magazine 1. Bullet Comparison microscope- a device vii. Silencer used to compare fired bullets and fired shells 2. Stereoscopic microscope- a device used to 2. Requirement for Evidence’ Admissibility determine the whether the serial number of i. It must be relevant firearm is real ii. It must be material 3. Shadowgraph- it is used to determine the class characteristics of firearm D. Recording of Evidence 1. Photographs
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4. CP-6 Projector- it is a projector that displays the magnified images of bullets and shells that are being compared 5. Bullet Recovery Box- it is a box used in test firing 6. Helixometer- it is a device used to determine the pitch of rifling 7. Micrometer- it is used to measure the precise measurement of an object 8. Caliper- it is used to measure the accurate size of an object 9. Torsion balance- it is used to measure the weight of projectile 10. Onoscope- it is used to examine the internal muzzle of the firearm 11. Taper gauge- it is used to measure the caliber of firearm 12. Electric Gun Marker- it is used to place marks in the found specimen 13. Chronograph- it is used to measure the speed of the bullet
B. Problems Encountered in Ballistics Examination
1. Problem No. 1- the specimen is one piece of bullet; the purpose is to determine the firearm source of the found bullet 2. Problem No. 2- the specimen given is one piece of shell; the purpose is to determine the firearm source of the found shell 3. Problem No. 3- the given are one piece of firearm and one piece of fired bullet; the purpose is to determine whether the found bullet has came from the recovered firearm. 4. Problem No. 4- the given are one piece of firearm and one piece of shell; the purpose is to determine whether the found shell has came from the recovered firearm 5. Problem No. 5- the given are two or more pieces of fired bullets; the purpose is to determine whether the fired bullets are identical or not 6. Problem No. 6- the given are two or more pieces of fired shells; the purpose is to determine whether the fired shells are identical or not 7. Problem No. 7- the given is one firearm only and the purpose is to determine whether the firearm is serviceable or not.
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3. The straight imaginary distance between the muzzle and the target a. Trajectory b. Range c. Yaw d. Velocity 4. The “bouncing off” or deflection of a bullet from its original trajectory a. Misfire b. Recoil c. Keyhole shot d. Ricochet 5. “Shot pattern” made by a shotgun discharge can be use to determine… a. Size of shots b. Distance from which it was discharge c. Shotgun gauge d. Identity of the shotgun used 6. A handgun with 6 lands and grooves with left twisted rifling in its barrel a. Colt b. Smith and Wesson c. Browning d. Webley type 7. Bullet designed to prevent the adherence of metal land to the inside portion of the gun barrel a. Lead b. Incendiary c. Jacketed d. d. Tracer 8. What are the two main types of firearm? a. Smooth and rifled b. Artillery and small arms c. Machine guns and shoulder arms d. Shoulder arms and handguns 9. A “rifling less” firearm a. Smoothbore b. Boreless c. Rifled bore d. Barrel less 10. Marks found at the anterior portion of the fired bullets caused by the forward movement of the bullet from the chamber before it initially rotates due to the barrel 1. The helical grooves in the bore of a firearm rifling barrel that imparts rotary motion to a a. Land marks projectile b. Skid marks a. Lands c. Groove marks b. Rifling d. Stripping marks c. Grooves 11. A type of rim in which the diameter is smaller d. Striations than the body of the cartridge 2. Firearm mechanism by which the cartridge a. Rimmed case or shell is withdrawn from the chamber b. Semi – rimmed a. Ejector c. Rebated b. Suppression d. Rimless c. Extractor 12. The distance advance by the rifling before it d. Discharger reach a 360 deg. turn in the barrel
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a. Pitch of rifling 22. This is the composition of a black powder b. Helical grooves a. Potassium nitrate 75%, Charcoal 15%, c. Gyroscopic stability sulfur 10% d. Range b. Potassium nitrate 75%, Charcoal 10%, 13. Equivalent of caliber .22 sulfur 15% a. 5.59 mm c. Potassium nitrate 15%, Charcoal 75%, b. 7.63mm sulfur 10% c. 5.56mm d. Potassium nitrate 15%, Charcoal 10%, d. 11mm sulfur 75% 14. The part of the firearm that closes the rear of 23. A form of explosive basically composed of the bore against the force change nitro – cellulose and nitroglycerine a. Chamber a. Black powder b. Slide b. Primer c. Breech block c. Propellant d. Firing pin d. Smokeless 15. The following are the markings found on fired 24. Rifling refers to… cartridge shell; except… a. Barrel a. Firing pin mark b. Pistol b. Shearing marks c. Lands and grooves c. Rifling marks d. Magazine d. Breech face marks 25. The part of the gun where the bullet passes 16. Which of the following is not part of pistol? through a. Barrel assembly a. Barrel b. Cylinder assembly b. Magazine c. Slide assembly c. Chamber d. Frame/receiver d. Slide 17. This is caused by the bore imperfections 26. When the trigger of a semi-automatic pistol is a. Rifling pulled, the gun… b. Grooves a. Fire once c. Lands b. Keeps on firing d. Striations c. Fire once and reload 18. The father of percussion ignition d. None of the above a. Forsyth 27. Early hand guns lacked accuracy because of b. Goddard the absence of… c. Schwartz a. Sights d. Horace smith b. Scope 19. The instrument use for measuring pitch of c. Riflings rifling d. Lead Projectiles a. Caliper 28. To match a bullet recovered from a victim b. Onoscope with a suspect’s weapon, the gun must be… c. Helixometer a. Examine under microscope d. Taper gauge b. Fitted to the questioned bullet 20. *A metal containing a highly sensitive c. Disassembled chemical compound that would easily ignite d. Test fired or burst into flame when strike by firing 29. An exit wound is __________ than an a. Cartridge case entrance wound and has ________margins. b. Propellant a. Smaller, inverted c. Primer b. Longer, inverted d. Powder charge c. Smaller, everted 21. These are combustible materials containing d. Longer, everted within themselves all oxygen needed for their 30. A gunshot contact wound, shows what on the combustion which burn but do not explode skin? and function by producing gas which produce a. A clean hole explosion b. Nothing a. High explosives c. A star pattern b. Propellant d. Small circular holes c. Primary explosives 31. The so called Rate of Twist is interpreted as… d. TNT
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a. The ratio of the complete rotation made by c. A person has been near a discharge firearm the bullet for every inch it travels down the d. A person did not fired nor handled the gun barrel firearm b. The directional twist of the lands and 38. It is the original part of the bore left after grooves of the rifling inside the gun’s barrel c. The angular direction of the gun rifling grooves are formed. d. None of the above a. Rifling 32. Cartridge Case, ejected from a pistol after b. Striations firing will have the impression of this c. Lands mechanism of the pistol gun on its primer d. Grooves a. Hammer 39. . Branch of ballistics that deals with the b. Firing pin rotation of the bullet in barrel. c. Extractor a. interior d. Ejector b. terminal 33. If a firearm is discovered submerged in water, c. exterior the investigator must perform this to d. forensic maintain its worth for forensic examination 40. This type of weapon originally designed for a. Take it out of the water and immediately the convenient use for cavalrymen or troops dry it to avoid rusting on horseback. b. Take it of the water and sealed it in a plastic a. carbine container w/o drying b. musket c. Sealed it in a plastic container while still c. revolver under water d. pistol d. Drain the water before actually picking it 41. The metal cup containing the highly sensitive 34. This is done to safely remove any ammunition priming mixture of chemical compound, in the chamber of a semi-automatic pistol or which when hit or struck cause explosion. handgun a. shell a. Removing the magazine b. cartridge case b. Pulling back the slide components c. casing c. Opening the cylinder d. primer d.Locking the hammer and pulling the trigger 42. Type of the bullet that contain a compound 35. Any difference in the bullet’s class at the base usually similar to barium nitrates; characteristics is conclusive that these were which is set on fire when the bullet is fired from different firearms. Such statement projected. The flash of smoke from this is… burning permits the flight of the bullet to be a. True seen, especially at night time. b. False a. explosive or fragmentary c. Partially True b. armor piercing bullet d. Partially False c. tracer bullet 36. The “Firing distance” or the distance from d. incendiary bullet which the weapon was fired is established by 43. A colt type firearm has a class characteristic examination of: of- a. The recovered bullet a. 6 lands and 6 grooves right hand twist b. The firearm b. 5 lands and 5 grooves left hand twist c. The target c. 7 lands and 7 grooves right hand twist d. Test bullet d. 6 lands and 6 grooves left hand twist 37. Primer residues deposited on the palm of the 44. A cartridge with the priming mixture placed hand suggests that… in the capacity formed in the rim of the a. A person handled and at the same time cartridge case is termed- fired a weapon a. rimmed type cartridge b. A person handled the weapon after it was b. center fire cartridge discharge c. rim fire cartridge
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d. rimless type cartridge 45. . Primer are used for igniting the propellant charge by means of a blow from the firing pin on the primer cup producing flame that passes through the- a. bore b. vent or flash hole c. primer anvil d. primer disc 46. A bullet covered with thin coating of a copper alloy to prevent leading is known as- a. jacket bullet b. metal case bullet c. plated bullet d. metal point bullet 47. The tumbling of the bullet in its flight and hitting the target sideways as a result of not spinning on its axis is known as- a. ricochet b. hang fire c. keyhole-shot d. misfire 48. A fired shell should be marked by the recovering officer with his own initials and corresponding date of recovery on the – a. cylindrical surface of the bullet b. peripheral surface of the bullet c. nose or anterior portion of the bullet d. circumferential groove of the bullet 49. When picking up firearms at the scene of the crime great caution should be exercise by the collecting officer- a. inserting a rod or pencil into the bore b. with a handkerchief or small string inserted through the trigger guard of the gun c. hold the barrel of the gun d. insert the finger on the trigger guard 50. The primer of the cartridge is the igniter of the- a. priming mixture b. cartridge c. propellant powder d. caliber 51. The true caliber of the gun is the- a. bore diameter b. groove diameter c. nominal caliber d. none of the above