Crizaldo, Althea Riel S.

PLANE GEOMETRY

Basic Concepts of Geometry

POINT LINE RAY

does not occupy space but has a a straight or curved continuous starts at a fixed position and
fixed position extent of length without width proceeds to one (1) direction

COLLINEAR LINE SEGMENT PERPENDICULAR

POINTS a piece or part of a line having LINES
two lines that intersect and
points that lie on a straight line two endpoints form a right angle

CONGRUENT INTERIOR ANGLE

SEGMENTS ANGLE angle formed between two
segments that are comprised set of points consisting the
of the same length union of two rays that have a adjacent sides of a shape
common point (VERTEX)

ACUTE ANGLES EXTERIOR ANGLE

angles measuring between 0° COMPLEMENTARY angle formed between a side of
and 90° pair of angles whose sum is 90° a shape and and adjacent side
extending outward

RIGHT ANGLES ADJACENT

angles measuring exactly 90° pair of angles that has the SUPPLEMENTARY
same side and vertex pair of angles whose sum is
180°
OBTUSE ANGLES
POSITIVE ANGLES
angles measuring between 90°
and 180° take a counterclockwise VERTICAL /
OPPOSITE
direction
pair of angles formed when 2
lines intersect
STRAIGHT ANGLES NEGATIVE ANGLES
angles measuring exactly 180° take a clockwise direction
QUADRANTS OF
ANGLES
REFLEX ANGLES Between 0° to 90° in QI
COMPLETE ANGLES Between 90° to 180° in QII
angles measuring between Between 180° to 270° in QIII
angles measuring exactly 360°
180° and 360° Between 270° to 360° in QIV
 Crizaldo, Althea Riel S.

PLANE GEOMETRY

Triangles
- a polygon of 3 sides

RIGHT OBTUSE
ACUTE
TRIANGLES TRIANGLES TRIANGLES
posses a right angle; have a
all angles are acute possess an obtuse angle
hypotenuse and 2 legs

ISOSCELES EQUILATERAL SCALENE

TRIANGLE TRIANGLE TRIANGLES
with two equal sides all angles and sides are equal all sides and angles are unique

ALL EQUILATERAL TRIANGLES ARE ISOSCELES BUT NOT ALL ISOSCELES TRIANGLES ARE EQUILATERAL.

Quadrilaterals

- a polygon of 4 sides

TRAPEZOID
has one pair of parallel opposite sides; isosceles PARALLELOGRAM
trapezoids have congruent non-parallel sides and has 2 pairs of parallel sides
base

RECTANGLE SQUARE
has 4 right angles rectangle whose all sides are equal
 Crizaldo, Althea Riel S.

PLANE GEOMETRY

Circles
- set of points equidistant from a point called the center

RADIUS CHORD DIAMETER SECANT LINES

connecting center and any line segment joining any 2 chord that passes through line that intersects a circle in
point (r) points the center two (2) points

TANGENT LINE CENTRAL

line that intersects a circle in ARC ANGLE
any part of a circle angle with vertex at the
one (1) point center of the circle

Congruence of Segments and Angles

MIDPOINT OF A LINE
THE NUMBER LINE SEGMENT
has Infinite number of points; has a center at the
divides a line segment into two parts with equal
origin (0); every number is called a coordinate
measures

BISECTOR OF A LINE DISTANCE FORMULA

SEGMENT distance between two points on a number line
a line that passes through the midpoint of the line
(Line Segment AB = |x sub 2- x sub 1|)
segment

ADDITION OF LINE DIFFERENCE OF LINE

SEGMENT SEGMENT
adding segments; aka Addition Postulate subtracting segments; aka Subtraction Postulate
 Crizaldo, Althea Riel S.

PLANE GEOMETRY

Basic Postulates and Theorems

POSTULATES
statements that are accepted
even without proof (aka axioms)

SUBSTITUTION POSTULATE MIDPOINT OF A LINE

if A > B and C is such a quantity smaller than B, SEGMENT
segments are divided by midpoint giving them
then we can substitute C for B to obtain A > C.
equal length

ANGLE BISECTOR OF A
ALTITUDE OF A TRIANGLE
a line segment drawn from any vertex TRIANGLE
perpendicular to the opposite side of the triangle a line segment that bisects any angle of a triangle
and terminates to the opposite side

SIMILAR TRIANGLES EQUIANGULAR TRIANGLES

triangles with the same shape but not the same
all angles of a triangle are equal (60°)
side

EQUILATERAL TRIANGLES CONGRUENT TRIANGLES

all the sides of a triangle are equal triangles with the same shape and same size

SAS POSTULATE
THEOREMS REFLEXIVE
PROPERTY OF Side-Angle-Side
statements that require proof EQUALITY (IDENTITY)
before accepted as true a = a or ∠A = ∠A
ASA POSTULATE
Angle-Side-Angle
TRANSITIVE SYMMETRIC
PROPERTY OF PROPERTY OF
EQUALITY
EQUALITY ∠ SSS POSTULATE
∠ ∠ ∠
If a = b, then b = a; If A =
If a = b and b = c, then a = c
B, then B = A
Side-Side-Side