(Plane and Solid Mensuration)

Hand-out No. 1

POINTS, LINES, PLANES, AND ANGLES

I. POINT  Points that lie on the same plane

A point is a zero-dimensional mathematical object are said to be coplanar.
that has position only and has no length, no width nor
thickness.
IV. ANGLE
II. LINE An angle is a space formed by two rays called sides
A line is a one-dimensional figure having no thickness sharing a common endpoint called vertex.
and extending infinitely in both directions. An angle is indicated by the symbol ∠ and three
characters, marking end of rays and a vertex of an angle which
Important Facts is the middle character.
 A ray is a straight line which is
limited from one side and Angle Measurements
infinite from another side. 1. Degree (°/deg) is defined as the unit of angle
 A segment or line segment is a part measurement wherein one complete revolution is divided
of a straight line which is limited into 360 parts.
from both sides. 2. Radian (rad) is defined as the unit of angle measurement
 Parallel lines are straight lines wherein one complete revolution is equal to 2π.
which lie in the same plane and do 3. Gradient (grad) is defined as the unit of angle
not intersect no matter how long measurement wherein one complete revolution is divided
they are extended. into 400 parts.
 Intersecting lines are two or more 4. Mil (mil), used in military science, is defined as the unit of
different lines that meet at the same angle measurement wherein one complete revolution is
divided into 6400 parts.
point.
 Transversal line is a line that cuts
Forms of Angles
across two or more lines.
1. Acute angle is an angle whose measure is
 Broken line is a set of line segments connected end to end. less than 90°.

2. Right angle is an angle that measures

exactly 90°.

3. Obtuse angle is an angle whose

 Points on the same measurement is more than 90° and
line are said to be less than 180°.
collinear. 4. Straight angle is an angle that measures
exactly 180°.
 Midpoint is the point 5. Reflex angle is an angle whose
exactly halfway between measurement is more than 180° but
two endpoints of a line less than 360°.
segment.
6. Circular angle is an angle that
III. PLANE
measures exactly 360°.
A plane is a flat surface that has length and width but
no thickness.
A straight line and a plane are perpendicular if the
Terms
line is perpendicular to every straight line drawn through its
1. Complementary angles are two angles
foot in the plane. A perpendicular to a p-lane is often referred
whose sum is 90.
to as a normal to the plane.
2. Supplementary angles are two angles
THEOREMS
whose sum is 180°.
 If two planes intersect, their
intersection is a straight line.

3. Interior and exterior

 The intersections of two parallel angles are the angles
planes by a third plane are formed by cutting two
parallel lines. parallel lines with a
transversal line.
 If two planes are perpendicular to
the third plane, their intersection is also perpendicular to
that plane.
4. Alternate interior angles are a pair of nonadjacent interior figure, identify the following.
angles on opposite sides of the transversal. Alternate a. All planes appear in the figure.
interior angles are congruent. b. The three points that are collinear.
5. Corresponding angles have the same position with respect c. The points that are coplanar.
to their lines and the transversal. Corresponding angles
are congruent.
6. Adjacent angles are two angles which have the same
vertex and a common side between them. The sum of two
adjacent angles is 180°.
7. Vertical angles are two
nonadjacent angles formed by
two intersecting lines. Vertical
angles are congruent.
3. Convert the following angles:
Degree Radian Gradient Mil
𝜋
(a) 15
rad (b) (c)
8. Dihedral angle is the amount of (d) (e) 250 grad (f)
divergence of two intersecting planes. (g) (h) (i) 2000 mil

4. Find the measure of the complement and supplement of

the following angles.
9. Two angles having the same number of angle a. 65°
measurements are said to be congruent angles. b. 25° 25’
c. 30° 24’ 15”

5. In the figure below, ̅̅̅̅

AB is parallel to CD cut by a
EXAMPLES transversal EF. Determine the number of degrees in each
1. Transform 135° into other forms of angle measurements of the other seven angles.
(radian, gradient and mil).
2. A certain angle has a supplement 4 times its complement.
What is the angle?
3. Two supplementary angles are in the ratio 2:1. Find the
two angles.
4. Two angles are complementary and the measure of one
angle is 40° less than the measure of the other. How many
degrees are in each angle?

ASSIGNMENT NO. 1
1. From the given figure, obtain the following:
a. All angles that have B as a vertex.
b. The sides of ∠V.
c. Another name for ∠BED.

2. From the given