INTRODUCTION TO SOLID MENSURATION

SOLID MENSURATION
 another name for solid geometry, which is a field in mathematics
where measurements of 3dimensional
shapes are studied.
 Length, width and height are the three
most important measurements in solid
mensuration.
 traditional name for the geometry of three
dimensional space
 Pythagoreans dealt with the regular solids, but the pyramid, prism,
cone and cylinder were not studied until the Platonists
 Eudoxus established their measurement

VARIED APPLICATIONS OF SOLID MENSURATION

 It enables engineers to develop models and scenarios, as well as find
solutions mathematically, before ever utilizing or building any
resources.
 Used by Architects to examine and divide space, as well as to
design precise architectural plans. Geometry (together with color
and size) is used by designers to create visually attractive interior
environments
 In Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; volumes of chemicals and
liquids have to be calculated also has to find the volume or capacity
of a plant.
BASIC GEOMETRIC SYMBOLS
Meaning Symbol Example
Angle ∠ or ∡ ∠ABC
Triangle △ △ABC
Line ↔
Line Segment   ─ 
Ray →
Parallel ||
Perpendicular ⊥
Congruent ≅

Point
 A dot an exact location

Line Segment
 part of a line which has defined endpoints
 has a beginning point and an ending point

Ray
 part of a line that has one
endpoint (i.e. starting point) and it extends in one direction
endlessly.

Line
 A line is the path formed by a moving point
 a one-dimensional figure, which has length but no width
Types of Lines
HORIZONTAL LINES
When a line moves from left to right in a straight direction, it is a
horizontal line.

VERTICAL LINES
When a line runs from top to bottom in a straight direction, it is a
vertical line.

PARALLEL LINES
When two straight lines don’t meet or intersect at any point, even at
infinity, then they are parallel to each other

PERPENDICULAR LINES
When two lines meet or intersect at an angle of 90 degrees or at a right
angle, then they are perpendicular to each other.
INTERSECTING LINES
Lines that cross at one point and form
angles that are NOT right angles.

ANGLE
 derived from the Latin word ‘Angulus’,
which means ‘an angle’
 the figure formed by two rays meeting at a common end point
 An angle is represented by ∠

 In the diagram, the angle formed is represented as ∠PQR. The same

angle can also be represented as ∠RQP. The angle is measured
usually in degrees.

Types of Angle

ACUTE ANGLE RIGHT ANGLE OBTUSE ANGLE

less than 90° exact 90°
greater than 90°
and less
than 180°

STRAIGHT ANGLE REFLEX ANGLE FULL ANGLE

exact 180° greater than 180° exact 360°
Types of Groupings of Angle