LINES

Line - a collection of points along a straight path that extends endlessly in both directions.

Line Segment - a line having two endpoints.

Parallel lines - lines that do not intersect or meet each other at any point in a plane. They
are always parallel and are equidistant from each other. Parallel lines are non-intersecting
lines. Symbolically, two parallel lines I and m are written as / || m.

Perpendicular lines - formed when two lines meet each other at the right angle or 90
degrees.

Two or more lines that share exactly one common point are called intersecting lines. This
common point exists on all these lines and is called the point of intersection.

A transversal - defined as a line intersecting two or more given lines in a plane at different
points.

Ray – a line with only one endpoint and extending in only one direction.

Opposite Ray – a line with a common endpoint, but extending in opposite direction.

Linear Pair of angles are formed when two lines intersect at a single point.

POINTS AND PLANES

Point – is a position in space, has location, but no dimension, length, width and thickness.

Collinear points – points that lie on the same line

Non-collinear points – points that don’t lie on the same line.

Coplanar points – points that lie on the same plane

Non-coplanar points – points that don’t lie on the same plane

Plane – is a flat surface that is extending infinitely along its length and width.
 ANGLES

When two rays combine with a common endpoint and the Angle is formed.

Parts of an Angle

Vertex - the point where the arms meet.

Arms - the two straight line segments from a vertex.

Right Angle - An angle whose measure is ninety degrees (90°) is known as a right angle and it is
larger than an acute angle. In other words, when the arms of the angle are perpendicular to each
other they form a right angle.

An angle whose measure is more than zero degrees 0° and less than ninety degrees 90° is known as
an acute angle.

An angle whose measure is more than ninety degrees (90°) and less than one hundred and eighty
degrees (180°) is called the obtuse angle. An obtuse angle measures between ninety degrees (90°)
to one hundred and eighty degrees (180°).

The type of angle that measures 180 degrees (180°) is called a straight angle.

An angle whose measure is more than one hundred and eighty degrees (180°) and less than three
hundred and sixty degrees (360°) is called the reflex angle.

The type of angle that measures or equals to three hundred and sixty degrees (360 deg) is known as
a complete angle.

When the sum of two angles is 90 ^ c , then the angles are known as complementary angles. In
other words, if two angles add up to form a right angle, then these angles are referred to as
complementary angles.

When the sum of two angles is 180°, then the angles are known as supplementary angles. In other
words, if two angles add up, to form a straight angle, then those angles are referred to as
supplementary
 TRIANGLE

Triangle - can be defined as a closed figure that has three vertices, three sides, and three
angles.

Triangles Based on Sides

A triangle is said to be a scalene triangle if none of its sides is equal. If none of the sides is
equal, then the angles are not equal to each other.

A triangle is said to be an Isosceles triangle if its two sides are equal. If two sides are equal,
then the angles opposite to these sides are also equal.

A triangle is said to be an equilateral triangle if all its sides are equal. Also, if all the three
sides are equal in a triangle, the three angles are equal.

Triangles Based on Angles

An acute triangle is a triangle whose all three interior angles are acute. In other words, if all
interior angles are less than 90 degrees, then it is an acute-angled triangle.

A triangle is said to be a right angled triangle if one of the angles of the triangle is a right
angle, i.e. 90°.

Obtuse triangles are those in which one of the three interior angles has a measure greater
than 90 degrees. In other words, if one of the angles in a triangle is an obtuse angle, then
the triangle is called an obtuse- angled triangle.
 QUADRILATERALS

Quadrilateral – two dimensional shape with 4 angles, 4 sides, and 4 vertices .

Vertex - The meeting point of a pair of sides of a polygon is called its vertex. For example,
the shapes such as cube and cuboid are 3-dimensional shapes.

Side - The line joining two vertices is called a side.

Adjacent Sides - Any two sides of a polygon having a common endpoint are called its
adjacent sides.

Square

A square is a quadrilateral that has four equal sides and four right angles.

Rectangle

A rectangle is a type of quadrilateral that has equal opposite sides and four right angles.

Parallelogram

A parallelogram is a quadrilateral whose sides are parallel to each other.

Rhombus

A rhombus is a quadrilateral with all equal sides.