1.9.

Ileal

a thai gained during lbe )"em on _at1C0U111. of 1M

dmic of J. R Joule. These apcrimmds IK ddait mClllp. 2.. but

1.9 H'EAT

We bow fmm apcricnce lhat a bot object bnJu.ph1 in GXMd. with a cold objeet. bocomc5
eooJer, wbeftas lhe cold object llecGmes warmer. A view is dm is
QUI lbe llot objc:ct to the ooldl ud we 1IYI1 som¢1liing be:i1 Q.10 1lJu
my tim heat always flows from a higher tempen1.1.Ure to alDift:l' one. 1bis Jea:b 10
ol as d» dfh.ing force fw tbc tra.nsf'a el CD£f1Y as lint. More [pneWdy., diD rate
ofM:ftt fro.m QD¢: 'bQtJy ro ·ID ·l flc bcla'Cim
the PW hen is DO lempemllDe dJa'e is DO Del tr.msle_-r af beat. Ill
tbc heal bcml 5turcd widdn 8 Lib wort.
it exWs omly ti· in ttttmit rmm one body h) aftDtller. in
a S)"Siem and en_ou in dte fuon olbta is addrd (()a 5)*111.
ilt is u !beat !bot as JdDebc imd tpoterlli:al of lbe .attl!I'IW and rmking
up
In spite of die n:i.tm'e of heat. 11 is Yin'IXI i.n rdalifm m its on tbe
')'5lem from 01' to vdlic:b iit i5 lmD5ferired. As a matter of faa. ldil ahou1 l '900 the
ddbritioQS 1'1( bfiite. of bad em die: tfinpecfjlbfe of .a unit o!
Thus me mlom long defined as 'tmu of 11=11 wbidl wben1t.nmsltlft'd to pam
oi VI lffMslcd ooe Cdsiu dlcBmfsh or (Btu).
Wti defined i8 tile qumlity Yl1 ht:D m Vi'lt pound mau uf r:;Died
its ooc AJJtbgu_Jb lbe$e 4dulitiom povldl a "Yi.d" for tbc
of beat units.. they depend oo matk wfl.b wmer Wid are llru:s subject Ia c1111np IllS
me.asuremcuts men. IICCI.JI'8te. The ·calorie and fDI!U) arrc now ,as lDlib of
eDeQY. and are Cfined !in relalion ro tbe jooJe;.. tbe Sl wm af enag,y• .eqnJJ t:o, I N m. "'bis, is
wbcn 3 di5otftmc of OQiCl mc'ta.
All odzr energy writs an: defined as 1IIDiliples of' 1M joukl. 1bc foot-pound/tWA for e:amp.le,
is cquivakns to J.lSS8119 J. tk ad.OIW to 4.1840 l. and ·Uu= (Btu) t UW1M 1ille Sl unit ol
power is lbe gymbo1 clefiJwJd as a ma.e or cme joo1e ps secoodL
Table IlL l of App. A provides m IMI of coll\'mOOn: fxtors for eDeJ:gY a wen
:U Ol!lla' writs_

DDAB•

1.1. Wlmt hi the tlf llotld wtun lll1ll its units io in wmdl 'ti:lc: die Coot,
and abe pcund lftiJU me defined as in See. l.l. and rbe unit ,o f f'oree u the poo114rJ!.
m.IM b.t Biw l(l.ba.) illi

Obras pro egidas por direitos de autc

16

1.2.. 1.:1Um1T u me tiandameut:d SI ,eJeeO'icld with (A) IS unit.

,
r.o, F.lectrrie po'li\-'er. (b)
l:d'J £lecoic rr&istBDt'e! (l'} Elecuie padrooee..

U .. Uquidl\':tpOr :P i!i arf'mlctic;m M'

by an cqu.:Jtion o ·the fuJm:
b
/ tb :M=o- ,r c+c
Here. tz.. b.. find cooamx. it m
P by
1J
IDP - /kPa=-A-
7
+C

Soow bow the in tile two equmo are ifldmd.

lA.. At '\la"MI! nn: tanparatJ.D do the Ccl.sius .aoa scab giYe

l!be sr.un.e 1l&Dni!!iical va1UI:7 \\'b!i.t is lhe

L!.
4 mm. 'W'tl.tf is the ;xppm::timate :nms in Jet of ·the mqtdted?

1.6. lftssures.ifiJl lD JJIJO{ntm) are mc:LmJ'ed with a dead•weig,ln gauge. The piSiiOn tfuun...
eta' O.l7'(in). Whtrl is abe Ina! in (Ibm) of dlc

L1. 1."be Rmding em a nwcmy maoommr at loptn t:o lht '1.1 one ft'ld)
• S6 1l1c of · 9.832 m - 1•
is 101 .18 li.h. Wlud is lbe mk:Pa beio_g of
mawry:u::!S . m13.534 gcm...3•

1.8.. "f1li: reading on o merau:y mmometer ru._ 70(C'F) ( ()JJQJLQ die at....., end) d
The local of • AtmOspbaic:
• 29.86(m JB,me in bcittg The dtMfty
<11 matWi)' a1 7 J I 3.s43 g 001 •

liqoid bob t tov.· are oftm 5ltll:1!d liquids IDlltb their

'-TIIpDr wbicb 11 temper.m:oe can be quite itmJe,. Th1.18. tH:IIwJ..Dt
Sl't.lmd as aliqukiiVGiPQI' syStel'n is at a ptrc::i51SUme ,c:lf2.58 • bar for • of 300 L
{>so ml) or·lllis kind is doae in splw'rictlltmll:s. Sug-

1.10. 'The .a fme p.ropemes ;ga_..es 1IDide by

E- H- t:n 18691Jld devdoptq tbt
he: -urked in .31 lllioe wwJ used n:zmary manmmuer
tu Qlt8t dan .wo bu.. htiRIB or maoomem: requimL
Obras protegidas por direi os de aut
UL , -
fmmwbieb " M'(l q.Alap
t"ticn of D. 9.8 Lm -l. lbe 9j!1fiDg aren.b J .08 un. When lbe imiml:ment pildc·
' lsod,cd oo M it radi the informatioo ilba1 the t 0.40 em.
Wlmt of

LU. 1'be 1i'ari-adoo Dl Ouid ilh, beight - described by ·dJe differenttll

,J p
-:o::::r-pg
tl:
HeR. p · QXci& dlmiil)r and g is the local acceknrn011 of gr.J\ily. ror ao s'JI:«<
gfl5, fJ :=: "l.( PfRT. \\;here is llllD1ar rr:rass and R me ps CODXW11!..
Modeting lbc al.mO.sphae WI Q()Wmn,of idA1 11 .
amhitnt _pres$lDit in = Uiilli!c) ro i.ewl Fm' tate
1\.f c _ 9' g moa-• ; \l'alues of R are gi\"eel in App.

t.u. A group ot eng:ioeen bas landed on 1he 1DDOIL and 01ey \\'isllto determine
of some rodr;s. They have a Jlrill! $Calc calibctted 10 I'C'4lll pounds mau at a LDalW)o
the of gJllrit)r is l1. 86(ft)h) :1. One of (be mooo lhu a
Gf' St;.UC. Wba1 d iU it!!. run lhc momf?
Tan I '(IIKl!OO);;:: S.3l(ft}( }- l .

l .l4. A 70·"\\-m ootdoof security burns. oo Ul booTS a da)1. A new bulb

and the tlfetime is aboo1 l .tt,J) 11 · $0. Ul pa- t
v..u is l..be priec of "ieauity.... per li,pl:?

LISe A i in a eylindet by a pisu:m. on whicb \\ ltl!u.

mass of dJe pistoo ami weight ntpther is 250{lbm). The local ·Of'
gravity is :U.] 69(tt)fi)-2 • and aimospbe.tic pressu:re is 31IJ.Ilfm Hg).

{a) '\\1ui1 i. the 11lne in flbtl if.IJe: by die atrd !the

:asmming no friaioo ben\!'CeO the and cyliDtfer1
(lJ) wtm is the pres.snre ru me p (psia)?
(c) If rtbt p in the Iii hraiftlt im p.l!binJJ pis.ton .alld ·ei&1n
UJJ9f-nrd. lf lhe pi;ston and iU'G raised i. 7(ft" wtm · 1ht dons !by tk
gas in (f1 Wh:u. is i.m potmitllil of the piisum aad

A .p . - coo.fined in a O.ot7.. by g pi.stoo. oo WIDcb Ri u

'The mti$S of lhe piston IJld b)gtther' JSO kg,. 1bc of gravicy
9.1 ml m 101.51 tPL
(a) WhUL is die fott.-e 'lrn oewmos. on the gil:'J.hy me dB: pmm. und
llhe no frielion bdlf,un dw piltwl .and eylinda"?
(b} Wba1 . (be preswre of the ps in tFa1'
(c} If rrbl! ga in me cyfmder ris il pos.bing the pisrm m1d weiP!
upwri lf (he pisron uDd wOP arc Q.S) m.. lbe done b)t rthe
gas iD kJ7·Wb:lt is me cb::mge in potcDlial en£JJY at ·tbe pistao ami

Obras proteg1das por direitos de autc

l:S

U& AD .mdmDObiJe lmimg a. lliJS! of 1.l501tg i:s 11. oM)· m - •. \Vhd is i:ts kinetic
mkJi1 How muss k cklot U.lltil 1\ to .a slop?

The ti:IJ'hinM ma hydroeledric plml are fed by lWter' fulling lfmm 3 50--m baght
Qf)iiOitUIJld 8% b.%
of me mmlliD:g tP.CJWa' in tr.msm· -· wbat b the m ilowrate of water required m
fKM .. 20Q..'Walt ll;gt,l buHJ?

IJrh Bdmv is h of oC.Wl'YeBioo IIS!elol fM

None · ll'lnl i.i diet., but llbOst W witmn ± U"Se
DIJJeA.l (App. .A) 10 establiSb abe .a ct

• I hat
•
• l(bp} 0. ?l tW
• 1f mdQ 25 em
•
• Ill& 1.6 hi
• Uqpatn 1 li1et
• 1. m

Add yow- own items 10 1be .. "l'bc idea is l'O k=p the Q.lC\'-tnrioo racun si:mpk aud
easy co remembr:t.

L11.. Consider the: folkw.•iDJ proposal (tw a decimal .calmd'K The funtlamemJJ runit is tile
rda;tmaJ eq\W 10 the t\DIIIba" (SI) requimd for die
earib to a circ:uit of die sn__n. OdJu liUits are in tbB table bdow.
wbt.re tWimaJ mii!:N'b!runits ro
n· pros and ews or lbe proposal
D«imaJ Uttll Symbol Deftmiicm

Smoad l Y.r
MD ' Yr
Hour llr •I 'ir
Day Dy I 3 Yr
\\'en Wk l trl Yr
Mondl Mo t,o-1 y,
Year Yli

Obras proteg1das por direitos de autc

1.11. :Enqy eusti nzy JR'IIly willt ertaD
1 eoaJ g;JSQliiJei
'pr1'tc -I'
U.
11"\n(-m..l
_IOU
c,llml 'cltv ,Q Ctft
lfll ' .T 'IU" ... ' ,' a.., LO nrtf
'\.d,AI'n;JIMltULJIU Jllli!C'- _ 1:11 r-
1
daese.OD a common llwis diem inS Gr (ARWtif6Jth is appm.Ummdy
a

lo6(Btu).] fUf bGafi_og . ' of29 MJ q -libr

37rG Jm- 1

(a) lhmk oAicr dle du'« to atcQY cost iDS QJ- L.

(b) 6Jp1abl j:q 1hr fiESDlt$ 10( ftO (a). IIQ ad 'Ill-
, nm1 disadvmttqes of me dlree. eDaJY 5lOUI'CCS.

Ln Otemictd,.,pkmt cqplipmtnt mety pmpmtioo tome. ln Wnplest

eGSt C 'iMC!S wbh sW.e S die qJI(JIIIJ!Iric

c
Tbe expoocDt • 0 and For wide mity ofequjpum11)'peS
it i& ttpptoi.itmil:dy

·(al ForO< /} < tb;,J pe:rWJif.tl"re ,.ittJ

of Kale.""'l
(b) ·Comidc.J the case of 1 pberical stmrap hilt. 1lle 5iD by
irfireniaJI voiDI.'fiC S!bow dml fJ 2/ 3. On wl'&ll M would
)fW expect G 10 dc:peud?

tt>C p RllfkPa .rr c p lk_Pa

3.1 4t9
- 9.5 5.48 44.4 I 66.6
0"'
"""' P.4S S2-l 89.5
H.J 16.9 63·.3 ll9.
2JJ 2&.2 1S.S UJ7.

Cofrclat& 1tbe d;iiD by fitting thtm to lh.e fultllliDc

B
- - -
T{K +C
Th!U b. find A. .god C by aa lfeift'S5ion
lhe comp:ni:Sall of CiOil'mlmd wbh vaiiia. -wat h
YIAi' yt-h'::tiiiU DOt LI..MI tv..:t:n..... pDIDt
..-11..-. ..-.....· - - · • ...l.k:...
VJ

1.a (aJ bl IJJDPJEf 1970. b pl.lmp priQO of p5(1Jioc _ about $0.35(pJJ)""•.

I and lbe a\'eAge' mJ:e of mJlatjoo 108 about Wlml might
lr the pump pri.er in 20001 Wbar ·rondD5ion rni,!IB
fmm do e-akulaDon?

Obras pro egidas por direitos de autc

(b) A PhJ>.. bis 1970 at a. &alar; of Sl6..600()'r)- 1_ reti.red
m at Allay of How "R:0 did . keep up widl a_n
ildlaioo me of Sflt per
(..-) 1Uition _ at :rt'm'jor wm'lmfilius tho· UDinxl un· led
«on ruu;. b:y alnlt l4:t per lhi.s m wgest rnr
tl:m fu1uit tWii.W (Q(' "child o pm"iUe no tinaocinl
4id., 80 Q1JJJ:oal m.llali<m me gf p!r fi!m',. and a 'CUITI:OI tuiUoo of S25.0Cil()-71 •.
Recnll the compmmdliDleJe51 formubc

1 + ,,
· '111'•
!! - •
t•
C(tl)

•-httt! c c;m oo _ > ctr'T t mnnd h indL nod r is

a clednwl.

Obras protegidas par d1reitos de autc

PROBlEMS
2J!. A ~ ~ g ~tr til.kd wkh 2S q of wattt at 211'C ' fttttd widJ a~~
w .mis ~e to mm by ~IIY ading oo wdgm.of mass. 15 kg. 1"be weigm falls
ly ~ 3 dWaueo of s m iD drlvmg tbe mnu. Assmnin~. lhll aJt l\~rk. d~
OJl the. weigbl Is ~ [I) dtc: water WJd dlat lhe I~ ~let"dlion cf gnrl'it)' is
~.1m s;-Z.. e:
(a) 'l'tle anJOtttll of\\\~ d ,- re lht: u~­
tb) 1bc ~-cncJ'l.S' ~e oflbe. ~r:
1(c) Thetimtl ~of1he . nw.fur men Cp = 4.JsU ·~ -· ~·
(.d) 'l'be amount of beat that lnOISl bt- ~val from die walt~ ro return i~ to its initial
pemhlre.
(d 11bc IDt*l ~ ,e~mnae of the~ betllnse of ( i) dMl ~ pf'l nwmrtg tM
!Wight-. (2} 1be process oli «ding the Ware~' btl~ ro RS iDhi.aJ .empemmre"' &lid C3)
boch~roplkr.

U lt~«k ~lb. 2, I for IUl insUlated~ 11Jat ~JC$ in ~rnl~~tt 41-cmg wilb k
RR't' and has, a ~beat t~ ~qni\"illem to 5 kg of wate:t wart ~~ pK!bfcm ~

(#') ~ ~ gdi ~~ lk 5J5)~, (ft)"'lJe ~ ailone ~die~

U AD en.. iltiliaJJy ;n 1R.St, u dr~l orno a~~ &Wf~ 311dJ breaks. Jlh the eu
tttaf.cd as the 5)'1 -m.
(a) Wbal is lhe sip of W?
(b) . t~ ~p of £,~,
1(c) 'Whal b A.£r?
(4) Wbar R All'?
(e) What is the 5ip of Q?
!ln.~ lthls p~i assume me pass:age m wm len~ time for mr brobli egg m
mum to irs initial ~· Wba is dJe origi:D of the hr.aJ. ~11111$fer ·o f put ( ~)'?

U ADd«::Dc illOlM ltfidcr :«~ lmd dfaw.s g.1 ~~ 41 ] 10 \"Dl~X. ~~ I J;S(bpt

of~~~ What ii b l:'&t"e of Ileac transfer from the mawr,. in kW?

2.& OBc ~of p;s. in ad~~~ a four-S't\q) ~_,ynllmic ~le. Ust"

~be dam gh"eD in the followiag table 10, delmmiae ~ \'3 fOf IDe miuin8
q m
. - i.e... U die •

I Step A.U'fi QJJ ~V/1

I! -lOO· 1 -6.b>
23 't' -lJmO ?
l4 7 ~BOO 300
41 4JOO ? .
')t

il~U 1 1 -l.400

Obras proteg~das por direitos de autc

 51

.16. Cotm~~~mt on the ~i~Jility of coofiog JOW' kildHm in die 5U1DIIlCr IJ)' ~~dOOr
~» the electrkally powcmd rcfrigeratO£.

2.1. ~[~~quadrupte.-pulmeoo.'tlii~ ofi(U Mbumd l4.11£'

for fU1J.r1Jilase equilibrium ofollOcropic miid fOii'IDS oflhe ~ c:~JcmXaJ,S-r:niannone.
Bv.aln~ tbt dtmn

m
U i A closedL ~e· ~tem eontnns. sp.~ I 3Dd 2 wapodliquid equilibrium..
S~ 2 is a \19'f li&flt @ia. ~DJ.iidly irosolullre In the lli'PJid fit- 'iJbe Vi1ptY ph
cmt~-ns both ~ i and 2. Soome additkJDaJ moles; of~ 2 ac added ~ die
'JMml,. \\itiro i& ~ ~ 10 its mil.hll T a.nd P. As .111 re:sWlt of tille: pracess. dots
the lwl numb,er of moles of liqnidl inaetu:. decmlse. or- moain ~~

u, A ·~mr compriw.t "' cht~ J,4-(li~ and~ dltafiol ~ -s a ~~~

\~&lpOI'iliquid sysrem a
YPC and 55 kPa lt is fc:Jmld. after ~be addition of some pure
dlimoL tiJ:d die an c.1n be RIW1Rd 'l u ~·~~urn B1 U. iniWd T BfidJ
~» . ID "'n:u. ~1m~~ changed~ and mwbat ~bas u·mH chaqaed?

2.10. For lbe sy5lml ~bed ill Pb. 2.9~

(a) How 1m1DJ ]Jb~e ~k:s in 3ddiLio:n w T ~ P ~ lbc~· Sl'J''*' 1t0 b
me ~i'OOM of bcxb plufses?
(b) lflbt~nmaod~~metore-tnai:Pihccsane_, m~thc d\~~~
of lhe 8}'5tem be cbmged (by adding or removinJ material) widxJut ~the
mmpus:itkins of the liquid Wid npor ~?

1.1 L A rmnk aJIItDiniog lO kg of ,.~r at 2a>c is fitted v;idl a :s.tirr.a dial r.Sr.diven \\~ to
* •'Uier.
the WB..Jiu at tbr rst.r of 0..25 k,W. Hwr l'OOJ does it
m rise ro Jo•c if M Ileal is r~• tmm l.be water1 P{lf
fot cbt ltlt\pmllute of lbc , Cf
Cp ;;; 4.1 lk.l .q-1 I

2.11. HG4t io the amtJUnl ol 1.5 kJ is ~ to a closed ~.., wbilc ~ io~ cnerv
~ 'blf 12 tl~ How nDl£b Me.Q)I is tr.11Werred as wort? Por process caumtg
the 5IDle rd'ump d ~ 'buJ for which* t..L-ork ~ ~ l.tovl modi~ is~

2.13. A steel eding weiplog 2 ~ bas an iniliat teAlpmdlll'e of ~ 40, kg of WUia'

initially at 2SC1: b coolainrd in a pafctdy in..~trd 5tftl tant ~& S lJ. The
e:rsting is JJmne&wd in k wah:r and tbe ~· • aUuwcdJ to ·miiiO llD cquih1witmL
Wb21 its linaJ ~~? ~ rc«c:c• of ,~ or c~ UDd :USWnC
eDMtam specme beati ot 4.18 kJ tg-1 K- t for wuter and! 0.!0 kl t,- 1 K-l foi s.r.ee.l

:Z..It. AD ifib'()fi"JjB~iMe
11Did (p ~ ~) is ~I in a ilb"lilil.ud ~ylinda' fined
with a fri«i~ piswn. Can mergy -,1Xt be~ lO cbc IU:J? ' tis me
dmop miJ!Jitat'131 ~cAme ftaid wM8 me ~dt'e ~ i.ncn:ased :t:tcm P. · pt1

l-15. One k8 <Jiliq\lid 'V«~ fill 2S1C:

(ol ~cs a ....pc:ramre ~of l K.. Wlmt is AU'.. mkft

Obras proteg~das por direitos de autc

 (b) ~~# ~q.e In elewtioo ~ 1be ch~ in poten~W en«g,Y llEp i lbe
s;une ll.Vc for put (a). W'hal - .6z. iin ~~Et£~'5?
(c) k ~~ t'Fom re Ill fiD:d w1ocit 11. The dtmge ill kinelk eDell) AE¥ i8
the arne A:Ui. fgr pm (a). Wb__at is MJ mm -I?
~ - di.@ Ike MSWrs ~(be~ p~ ~
%-..16. Am elewU: JDOIOT runs "1wtu uodCJ load. owio,g to ioa.:ro.il ~'UI"libill~ It ~
~ mat tbe ~ !energy be minimked b}l lbermany Wulil.ling the
mawr ·L'USinJ. ComrDI!tlt ailiei1ly ou this ~-
2..17. lbydmturbU!e ~ ·111 a ll=:ad of 50 m of go · 1. klfd and oWJe;t CI..IDduiti a1\!
2m mdiamd¢J.. ~~die~ l(!liN"tl d~elapat lby ·die. fulbific for all Qot:fd
~doci1y of s II) -i-

1lL Liquid"'.,- EU J80-C and J CKQ.7 kPa has QJI ~energy (01.11an utbill"fll'Y s~aJe)
o£762.0 tJ tg~ 1 mid a~ ¥0111011! o 1.128 c ~- ~.
(u) ·WfKn u ib mtb:llpy?
(b) 1l!te wamJ' ~ tmmghl ID dle \!apot" Sblte at ~C and 1.5()() ~ 'Where iiS internal
enCJIY · 1.184-.4 kJ tg- 1 a:.Dd it$ .';(ttt;ifitH·olnme 1:$169..7 cmJ ~-JJ. Cabllatt 6U
and l1H for lhe ~

119.. A.~llil boUy .111 itrlrud ~e~~~~ To iJ 1i~ in a bam of water m initiW te~
atiiFe t . Heat is IDmf'~;.~loJi from ~ dd 1o th¢: water~ ;. mre (/ = J{ - (T, - f ~,.
wbrft: X • a commm and 7: mcll T ore ms~u val~ of the rempentures m
·ttm wmt and did ~ an ~ f• T as 3 flmlltlon of tbJDe r _ Cla:k
)lOUT , b. f~ dlc ldoiliftg ~ 1r m 0 and f ;;:;: oc. lgDQre dreeu of ~ W
~ IU1d iJit ~lh.: beats fm lbom WDtcl' :tru!l s:olitl

l.24L A 6it of eGOUill)D mail operatiom ~

ud SLnate.pip; bclil ~chrm~r: 1(lt) [)ouble-pipe heal-~ (d Pump:

(d)l 0:15 . (t) CAs~ fl) ~~ (g) oal~

Dcvtklp e simpfitkd fM'rJ cf tbe ~ Steady-~ ~ balance upproprb~ f-M

am opema.ioo. SJme ca.many, and justifJ•. _, .ass:umpUoas y<JU make•

.2.21., Ihe Reyookts number ~ · dimm~ ~ \Yhich c~ the i:m~~-fa.y

of thl . Far large R~ :1 tlow il mtlbolent:. for small b, iii: is laminar. Pew ptpe ftow,
IRes upD/14 w~ D is piped~ and fl. ~ d)tnnm1c ~ty~
(s) If D Wld 11 ure fiMcL v.-IW Iii me elfcecl of~ mass fi~T.IIe mon Rc1·
(h) If mJiDd p. aR fiHd.. wh:il is !be~ uf iru:rea~ D on lte?

1.11. M i:neooitpi'6~b1t (/J, ~ ~J Uqnid flows stmttily lbroogh «~Udul1 of ciradar

cmss-seetioo and ~ng dilmecer. At localio11 ~. lbe db_meter is. 2J em and lbe
vclomy · lllil s-l; siOC'OdiXIl 1, w dimueseris S4}_m.

Ob as pr otegidas por d1 reitos de aut<

 S9

(tJ)W1m ~ lbe \~ allocation 2'1

(b) Wbat - d.c kineti~y ctanae (l kJ- 11) or die ftuid betw~ locations I lWd l ?

l.%3... A ~~ of W'IIID Vi'lta" is piO!doocd iD a ~,.ftOW" mixm~ pn~.•·ess by coolbioiDJ

I .0 kg s- I of ooot wa.ter WI n iJ,C with OJ lts - 1 of bDti \dtft m1:5~C Durin_g ntixiPs.
beat is lost to the :sunuundinp at the ra1e of 30 ld 5-I . Wbat i5 the b:.mpemtlll'e or ·tbe
watm-W3ltt'~? ~me1bc~IW li¢'Btofwi'Wl~Qoo$tJBlf• 4.J8 1kl l:.B- 1 K- 1 •

124. Gas is bled fmm a tank. · ~ beat ma:oder belween the pB and the lnnk. ~
lhlt tmd aag ~produce tbeditrmmti:d ~
diJ dm
--"'= ;;-
.H '- U m
Here. U md m refer 10· tim gas remaining in lhe taok; H ' lhe ~~caftwpy of dt~
p ~in~ lha taDk. Under wb:n ~ndioms rean Oil! amJIIlCl H' ..... H'!

12S. W3rer a1 WC .HOM! in a t!b'aigll.t oo.rizoom pipe in wmm ~ is oo ~ or

·ntOO ba~C .:.- work with tbe S\mWildiop. [ velOcity ts 14 m - • in a pipe with
em i.ntemal 6\~ of 1~5 emrumil it ftD\w iruo il secdoD \l!llae. me pipe. diameter
~pdy me~s- Wihat is 8le ~ cbmge of dl: ~ if the down_~
dWne:ler is 3.8 em? If i1 b 1..5 cmj? \VIm i ax ~mum lempemlm'e dtmge ror an
--*~-
RUiUpme. m .m......... Jlpe
lo(JJ;
. ....
2.26.. YtfiJ 150) tmol pa- bour af air is c~~ rmm P1 ~ 1.2 hat to ~
6.0 bar tn ~
a :steady-tlow ~- Detl!\~ rneebmicaJ powu l§ 91.8 kW. Tempera.tures and
wloeili~ at¢:

T1 ~lOOK T"J=520K
lflel ::e: 10m - I ..
"" ; l.S ms- 1
&imate lbl: ra1e of llem: rn er fmm lh: ~ Assuaae for air dial Cp = ~ R
3llld rbat ~mhalpy b ~ uf~

:U7i0 Jtrogm ~tit steady tft ~gh . ~ insuJMed pipe: with mside dJiarneter
,o f lj(tp}. A ~ dfop l'l!$1llttt fmm ll\lW lbmu&b 1 ~ ·~ liW~ Jug
upmemn fnim1lbc vai~ ~he p:essmtl is IOl(psia). lhc rtr.oqx:cll\!lni. is 120 lllld
lhe aRnge ~ocity i:s :20(ftt(sr 1. ll1he pressure jD&t down.~~rem~ fmm (he\~
is X>tpsiaJ. wba1 " me ~, ~ ·kl£ ~ lbal P vf T · coMtm1..
Cv = (S/2}R•.U1d C, ;: fff!) R~ (Val~ fQr Rare givRJ in PPr A.)

l.JL Wamr flows t:hrougb haril.mtal coil heated &om die oo_t!k.ie by hiib«m~ ltoe
~ AS it ~ tbraup rfbe Olil lbG -.-r ~· from liquid II :!U)t kPa
iWd SIJ1C tu YaJXK' at ~00 tPa and ~25 C ben~ ¥doo'ty is :J m .. - I .:d.)d its -.it
~~Y is 200m s'"''. ~ ·the bAt mmsfm:'cd ~ ~ cW1 pe:r Wid RmS of
WD9'.. E.nJbaipjj· of lbe inkl and OUlkt 1m11m am~
lllfee 334.9 tl g-1 ; Ollifel: 2..726.5 tJ tg- 1

Obras protegidas par d1reitos de autc

l.D~ s~ IteM!! ~t ~1 ~ lb~ 4 con~g.. in ~ ~t', lS em luna :md
wil:b an inlet diame of S em. Allbe ~ (~ 1). the. ~re WH1
~ ~ )2>50C ,apd 100•~ gdJ tbe ~icy it 30m s-•,
A!tlhe mutt~ t
l). tbe steam mmpemme md pressum ~ 2WC and 3:50 ~ Propmy vnlw:s are:
lie = 1.112.5 .kJ _q-l v~ ;;;;; 38&6~ err ,-•
H-! .. 2:.945.1 kJ g-l v1 .. 661.1S err ,-•
Wbl; is fbe \~ Gf the steam ar 1he ll!i'JUl) exit, md what is the exit c.fiameter1

(.o) T1mx lBO~ , of niamgen 8l C., MIIIILin£d in • ~ -..usaL is heated tfi11S('JP'C.

llow muCh ~ rs mq-~ If lh: ~ u ~lig!Dlc !Deal ~? If tht"
Vlii1Lti:D1I. wellbs 1 a
100 kg ud ba,. o.s
ca:p:acity of u tg-l oc--•.
bow much ~1
~~~uirorl
(b) Foar odes or n.i:trogal at 2rxt~c is COiltained i.n a ~llinder mrnngement
How lmJdJ kat liiUSl be et~ ~· w.bkh · bpt at amtant
from 1bis
~ lfD .CXJOI it to we it dle beiit cu~y of d.e p8lfm Wid q~:Hm.ao:- is oc-
,.~tl

l.JL. In ~he foBti\lring ~ Crv = 3 .m Cp ::= 7(&u rQ!IO)c)-L - ~ for ni:trO;en ps:

(R) "l"bnx pound lliDI.c:.s of niiio.gcn 11 M m

), CODtmoedl II dajd ~. ~ ~ to
J~FJ__ How lfilldJ beat~ ~teqllllRd ifh \~bas .. ~le.heM e•pa¢ily?1f
il '_ . , l00tlbm)md ~b ~) of0.12f8tul)(l"-J..... ,...... bcrw OIIIdl
lbeilll$~7
(b) 'Fa:u' pmmd mo of ailm at F) is eoota:ined in :t prwnlcy.l.i.mfl1:r :m-ang_e-
JDmt.. l!f'!M• mucb hCid m~ I); cnr.u:--ttd :fiirQIQ ~hi$ ~~ ·whidJ ~ kq;Ml at wq-
~ to cool ir to 1150 if me Ileal ' city m ~ pisu>n :u.dl cyl.indcr
- ~td ?

2.J!., Font llheeq-Uillkm fnr the. wad cf m"ee8iblle:. ~~ c~ of l ~ of gu

u
in Ill piMoo(eyt:ind« 51mlbly tbo mobgwlumt d tt. ps is~ by

II:T
V==-p+b

131 Stmn m2txl(p$a} ad (J(X)f'.F} (5t* JJ, m1~ a turbme lhrovP a )..inch..~
pt~ ith o ~ of IO(ft)(s)-1 • 1"hh! ob:anSt Dtm the ftlrbiDr b c.mkd through a
1CModb-diameli9"pQ:Ie md mat S{j)Ma) zmd ~ lsmte l:J. \Vh:l.t is the power output
of 11be r~?

H1 == LJ22.,l(BUIH )-~, V] s 3tMS(ft)3 (1bm)-L

IQ_ -1.J48.6(Bto)~)-~ V1 ~ 7S"'W4(f'lj3 (lbm)- 1

Obras proteg1das por direitos de autc

 61

2...K. O:i:dKm di~ ~ - dlll!IS:. •~-<x.ded OJIDpt~ at e(ID(litious PJ IS(pM) and =

Tt ~ 5()(9f\ aad is disdl~ B1 ctll.\dili , _ .Pi, ~ SlC(~ aadJ T2 ~ ZCJ(){~f).
1b.e tnlMng CO:! How5 Olmogb a .a...~ta pipe wilfl a -.·ekJclty of20(tl)(sl- 11 •
and i:s di¢b1ifld ~ ~ 1-incb-<1~ ~ 1bc aft wwt supplied - die
cmnp~r lis 5.JMI(Btu)(mr)])-i . Wka1 is the ~..uansfer m.tt from llle com~
in (Bm)(hr)- 1?
Ht ; 307(8tu)(lbia)- 1 ~v~ ;: !t2S(A)~(lb,J - 1
Ill - 330(8tu)(lb.)-l "~~ :: O.l80l) 1 CU\nl .... 1

by.
Q!::il.H - I VtJP

2;.J6. OD: kilogram of air is ~Olld revenaibb at con:S&a.m ~m from Ill ini:WII stare a
3M K and l bar Wltili m \'01umr: tri~ CaleoJ.m; W ., Q. AU"' lllDI1I AH for lhe
~ As.swne f• rur lllat PV/ T::: 8JJ4 UQ mo~.-~ IC.-1 and C,- •19 J
J'llOJ_, x- ~ ~

2.38.. (n) An ~ fluid 1tp ~ ~amsmm} flows ~ a pipe of amstmt cmss.-

~iond Mea. u lht now is __.y. $bcwt mac ~locitr u ,and - ~ ~-ute
q ame oonsmnt
(h) A d~miw~y re.acti\-e g~ Sll'f:mlt How!li s:uadlly rrbmngb a pip: of ~or~
~ ma T~ and pm.sum vaey with pipe 'LmldL \Vbicb of the
lollowm:g.,q:uDI:ilRs ~ ~'I oon:swtt .n .11. q. s1

139. '1"'le muJranical~rv bakmc~ prmidas .a b • ror ~esti~ prcssuiC drop owiq
tB :Urietion in ftnid llow. For i'Ceady low of m me~'ble ftnid iDa borimmJ.l pipe
o ~~r aos- sccti<JMJ ~ it may ~ Viritam.
AP ? ~ . .2
ll.L + gf;ppu - 0

where /F ls lbe Famringfriail.mjhemr. QurdDLI 11 gi\"e'S die fdll09riDg ~ for

I f1 for rorlrulent do.:

Obras pro egidas por direitos de autc

 Hie. Re is die Re)'DDL~ mDJlbu (see Ph 2.21~ and £/ D is the ~ontess pipe
~ Tumkllmt How~ for Re > l~.

l.'l:l9s.tat_rl dit ftovl of liquid wazu , C. For QDC of dtr: seu of t~ditioos ,gi\-en
-liD!". ~ m(in q - I) ad API A L (iD kl?a m- 1). As.mme € I D 1a O.fXXH.
fQE' liqul4 ~a( 25-~ p c 996 q m- 1, and fl. :::! 9.0· x lor' kg m-• - •.. ·~
tbat die llmv w1nrbole:At.
~(a) D 2 em. u:::: i m s-1
tg

(bJ D - S ~ u = I (0 s- 1
( c) D ~ 2 em.. u ;:; ;: S m - I
1
(d) »= :Sga • ~s m-s-t

2.AL Sil. ~ ~t m
~ p1~ sia~~ m~ ~~ ,e~roleum lf'rac ...
limlation tem: medml~ ~ ~ i~ n-bllf~ and n~ A
~ biR:I of t&csc- ~ • in '"li;JIOfltiq~d GQQifibrium ~n 1 ~ '~t On~-
~y plmse-rule variables in addilioo to T and P do the: oompos:itions of tl:Je ~-s
~
If T and Pare m ~n die same. ~ l.ba'e. any way rube ~tioo oftbe t~ Qtm-.
w1be.. eao be - pel (h)· adding or reJilD\!iq ~) witbmd &\ff'~
mt.~ ofitr ?

24 lEiby1me a turbine 10 bar and 4SO IK-. aDd ~ Ql l ·{ :atml) and l l:S ~ ~
m1!:! 4.5 kg ~-I ~ fbt, r.;Usl c ofi'~ mtbinc. Stmc fillY ~um )'00 fl:lake_
i

Dma: Ht = 7' 1.1 ll:l ~ 536.9' kJ .t~ 1 C/i =U S~~ :!OO)(Ilfl/ k\V'to_m

2A1 ~ hca:tin1 olahGID!: 10 ~ i& ~m~III__~!e must b.lli\Qdekd. ~lUI open ~

~ .apaD.Sion or the ~. air m. etmm~DJ. ~ results in leabg.e of :atr
w dJO out.doc>J~ J\ umin& ~bot tJJC molar pr~~ of air lwing the ~ arc ~
eme ~ ~bose c£ l.be air in me ~ ibow mat ~ .Wld itOOle ~ )fieM the
followmg di:tfa-cntia~ GJUlion;

Q=
-
~PV~+
dJ
~~
41

~ a 1IIm~ we of brat Uiln!fer lD lh:. air :in~ hllnc. and r is time. Quantilies p .
v" n:. and (j refer ro [~ m ioldie~.
1.44.. ((J) Wattr How ~ ~~M-IIOU!e ut o pn.:U bose. Filllil u ~ ror min ~I'Jru.,
of fine ~J\t /'1. !DDRml ~ Pl.. ~ b;n;e d!t~ D1 ~ d POUlc

Obras proteg~das por direitos de autc

 61

CUtkt di~ 8}. ~ $teady ftw~ WM1 ~ ~IPric ~ 1\Jr

liquid .l et mndded tm m1.-om~ luicl, Hz_- R t := (~- Pi)Jp (\'W'
~ I[~Qf't,

{b)1 llfi ~ me 1t1uw canntJI ~ imly i~ we ~~ T1 > 7i, owm.g to 1DI.tid

liictioo. Hence. 8 1 - H1 _. C(T2 ~ Td + (P2 ~ Pt )/p, where C is. the specific
hc;nuf~ ~DilaU!yi bow~ ir:dusiQnof~~·don·~
lhe \<1liue wlit as found mPan (4)?
1

Obras proteg1das por direitos de autc