INTRODUCTION TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE HUMAN PERSON REVIEWER

THE HUMAN PERSON AS AN EMBODIED SPIRIT

MAN- refer to the entire human race.

HUMAN- man as a species; modern human beings.

HUMAN BEING- used to distinguish man from other animals.

PERSON- more complex term; human being granted recognition of certain rights, protection etc.

PERSONHOOD- state of being a person who is actively aware he or she is perceiving and experiencing
reality.

HUMAN NATURE- distinguish humans from all other creatures.

SELF AWARENESS- having clear perception of oneself

RATIONALITY- human thought

SELF- he or she is perceiving and experiencing reality

SELF-DETERMINATION- capability of persons to make choices and decisions

FREE WILL- enables us to do actions whenever we want to

CONSEQUENCE- result or effect of an action or condition

MORALITY- goodness or badness of an act

DIGNITY- innate right to be valued and respected

SPIRIT- enables us to exercise thought, possess awareness, interiority etc.

HOW ARE THE BODY AND THE SPIRIT RELATED?

 The human person is an embodied spirit

HOW DOES MY HUMAN NATURE ENABLE ME TO EXPLOR MY LIMITS?

TRANSCENDENCE- ability to surpass limits

THE HUMAN PERSON IN THE ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL PHILOSOPHY OR ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS- studies the moral relationship of human

beings

THREE MAJOR VIEWS REGARDING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMANITY AND ENVIRONMENT.

 ANTHROPOCENTRISM- considers nature as the means. By which humans are able to meet their
needs and survive
 BIOCENTRISM- all organisms have inherent value and should be protected
  ECOCENTRISM- we have significant role as stewards or guardians of nature

ENVIRONMENTAL AESTHETICS- maintaining order in the environment

HOW CAN HUMANITY ADDRESS THE DAMAGE INFLICTED ON THE ENVIRONMENT?

ENVIRONMENTALISM- one important development that arose during the late 20th

-address the growing environmental problems

ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS- important philosophical view from environmentalism

-analyzes the relationship between humans and the environment

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ETHICAL VIEWS REGARDING THE ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS- emerged in the 1970s

-advocating human responsibility

SOCIAL ECOLOGY- applied an ecological and ethical approach in analyzing society

CLIMATE ETHICS AND CLIMATE JUSTICE – growing concern with climate change

ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE- fair distribution of environmental challenges

ENVIRONMENTAL AESTHETICS- focused on

WHAT CAN I DO TO UPHOLD ENVIRONMENTALISM AND CARE FOR NATURE?

SUSTAINABILITY OR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT- reconciling human activities and economic

development with the protection of the environment

THREE IMPORTANT PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABILITY

ENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRITY- maintaining the state of the environment

ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY- ensure that there is minimum to zero waste

EQUITY- conserved so that the next generation will be able to use them.

PRUDENCE- regulate one’s actions and behavior

FRUGALITY- being thrifty with the use of one’s resources

WHAT IS FREEDOM? WHAT IS THE ESSENCE OF FREEDOM?

FREEDOM IS AN INTRINSIC AND ESSENTIAL PROPERTY OF THE PERSON- human person is a free being

FREEDOM IS ROOTED IN THE HUMAN PERSON’S SELF DETERMINATION AND THE EXERCISE OF
INTELLECT AND FREE WILL- every action is freely determined and these actions define him or her

KINDS OF FREEDOM

 PHYSICAL FREEDOM- absence of any physical restraint

 freedom of mobility

 PSYCHOLOGICAL FREEDOM- a.k.a. freedom of choice

Free to perform action that he or she considers right and wise
 MORAL FREEDOM- uphold human dignity and goodness

WHAT MAKES US FREE? HOW DOES FREEDOM SHAPE OUR EXPERIENCES

TWO ELEMENTS THAT DEFINE FREEDOM

 VOLUNTARINESS- act out of his or her own free will and self-determination
 RESPONSIBILITY- person being accountable for his or her action s and their consequences

FREEDOM IS EXPERIENCED THROUGH THE ACT OF MAKING CHOICES

HOW CAN I EXERCISE MY FREEDOM IN A RESPONSIBLE AND BENEFICIAL MANNER?

 HUMAN FREEDOM SHOULD BE EXERCISED WITH CONTROL AND A RECOGNITION OF

REASONABLE LIMITS
 FREEDOM SHOULD ALSO BE EXERCISED WITH REGARD FOR KNOWLEDGE AND TRUTH
 WE SHOULD ALSO RECOGNIZE AND UPHOLD NOT ONLY OUR INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM BUT ALSO
THE FREEDOM OF OTHERS

INTERSUBJECTIVITY

HOW DO WE AS HUMAN PERSONS RELATE WITH OTHERS

RECONIZING THE SELF IN THE OTHER- how philosophers define interpersonal relations

INTERSUBJECTIVITY- mutual recognition of each other as persons

Carries the meaning of “a unique relationship between distinct subjects”

SEEMING- where