POLICE ETHICS,

VALUES
&
POLICE COMMUNITY RELATION

By: Vincent Misalang

 ETHICS
The word Ethics was derived from
the Latin“ethnicus”,
Greek“ethnikos” which means
national, gentile, customary,
from “ethnos” which means
nations, people; akin to Greek
“ethos” custom.
 ETHICS
Ethics based on its etymological
meaning is taken to mean as a
philosophical science that deals
with the morality of human
conduct or human acts.

Ethics is practical science of

morality of human conduct.
 ETHICS
Ethics refers to the study
and philosophy of human
conduct, emphasizing the
determination of right and
wrong or to the basic
principle of right action.
 ETHICAL
It connotes condition in
accordance with right
principles, as defined by
given system of ethics or
professional
conduct(expected
behavior).
 ETHICAL STANDARD

It is a set of conducts
and behavior governing
a group, a class or an
organization
 CODE OF ETHICS
An important agency for
social control,
promulgated for all
professions and prescribes
duties of an individual
towards others
 IT IS A PRACTICAL SCIENCE

Ethics is also a science for it is

the result of series of studies, a
systematized body of data
reflected upon truth in relation
to action. Towards this discovery
of truth, sets of implied rules or
directions for thought or action
are established this makes the
ethics more a practical science.
 IT FOCUS ON HUMAN ACTS
-human acts are the material object of the study of
ethics

-it shall mean only those acts which are determined

by the free will

-it is characterized as acts done deliberately,

freely or voluntarily

-acts which are done by man but without the use of

the power of free choice are act of man

-therefore, acts of man are not human acts

HUMAN ACT
by means of freewill
ACT OF MAN
without freewill (action
performed by a human being but
without reflection and free
consent, e.g. digesting food,
instinctive reaction to some
external stimulus
 DIVISION OF ETHICS
Ethics has two major division:

GENERAL ETHICS presents the general

principles of morality of human acts

SPECIAL ETHICS provides for the

application of the principles of
general ethics to particular
department of human activity,
individual or social
 HUMAN ACTS
-Human act is an act which proceeds from the
deliberate free will of man

-in a wide sense, it means any sort of

activity, internal or external, physical or
spiritual, performed by human being

-however, as used in this text, it shall be

limited to those human acts which are proper to
man as man

-”know what is right from wrong”

CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN ACTS

Elicited acts are those human

acts that are complete or
adequate cause. They begin and
perfected in the human will
itself such as wish, intention,
consent, election and others.
Commanded acts are those which
are done in relation to the
dictates of reason? They begin
in the will but are perfected by
other faculties under the
control of the will.
HUMAN ACTS IN RELATION
TO REASON
MORAL those actions which are in
conformity with the norm of
morality

MORALITY the quality which makes

an act good or evil, right or
wrong.
MORAL VIRTUE it concerns those
actions that pertains to ones
duties towards others

MORAL ASCENDANCY an influence

that one person exercise over a
group of persons by reason of
exemplary nature
 BASES
OF
MORALITY
1.Social Norms unwritten standard
of acceptable behavior in
society
Customs the whole body usages,
practices, or conventions that
regulate social life, social
practices carried by tradition
that has obtained the force of
law
Tradition the handling down from
generation to generation of opinions
and practices

Culture the set of values,

conventions, or social practices
associated with a particular field,
activity or social characteristics. A
particular society that has its own
beliefs, ways of life, art etc.
2. LAWS OF SOCIETY written rules
of behavior, laws created by men
to maintain harmony and order

3. RELIGION a system of beliefs

and practices based on faith and
truths revealed to man by GOD
4. CONSCIENCE (voice of god) the
practical judgment of reason
telling us what should be done
and what should be avoided;
reflection is ones character
 CHARACTER
-refers to the traits of a person
shown through his thoughts, actions,
values and virtues

-the way someone's thinks, feels, and

behaves someone personality

-a set of qualities that are shared by

many peoiple oin a group, country etc
 CHARACTER
-the combination of mental
characteristics and behaviour
that distinguishes a person or
group

-”Character is what you do when

nobody’s looking”
 VALUES
-refers to anything that a
person considers important, such
as ideas or experiences

-these are one’s beliefs,

principles that are important,
cherished, upheld and defended
 VALUES
-they affect and influence how one
thinks and feel, what one perceives,
shape one’s goals, objectives and
aspirations

-these influence how one resolves

conflicts

-these dictate one’s lifestyle and

life’s choices and decisions
 VIRTUE/S
-the habit of doing what is good
or right
-the opposite of which is vice
-conformity to a standard of
right
-a commendable quality or trait
 Nicomachean Ethics
{nicomedian}
Aristotle defined a virtues
as a point between a
deficiency and an excess of a
trait
FOUR MORAL/CARDINAL VIRTUES

Prudence
the ability to make decisions by
means of reason and sound judgment
the virtue that attracts the
intellect to choose the most
effective means for accomplishing
what is good and avoiding what is
evil
Fortitude
firmness of mind; the courage
to endure without yielding; the
virtue that gives a person
strength of the will; the virtue
that incites courage
 EXAMPLES OF FORTITUDE
Patience the ability to be calm
in enduring situations
Perseverance the ability to go
on despite obstacles
Endurance the ability to last
 TEMPERANCE
The ability to moderate
one’s instincts and
emotions; the virtue that
regulates a person’s
wants; also means self-
control
 JUSTICE
-the virtue that inclines the will
to give each what is due to him;
the virtue that inclines the will
to respect the rights of others
-”to render to each his due”
-”treats equal equally and unequal
unequally in proportion to their
inequality”
 JUSTICE
-the ability to moderate one’s
instincts and emotion’s; the
virtue that regulates a person’s
wants; also means self control
THREE DIVISIONS OF JUSTICE

Commutative Justice

Distributive Justice

Legal Justice
 COMMUTATIVE JUSTICE
-regulates those actions that
involve the rights that exist
between individuals
-calls for fundamental fairness in
all agreements and exchanges between
individuals or private social groups
-demands respect for the equal human
dignity of all person in economic
transactions, contracts or promises.
 DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE
-regulates those actions that involve
the rights that an individual may
claim from society
-concerned with the fair allocation
of resources among diverse members of
a community
-implies that society has a duty to
the individual in serious need and
all individuals have duties to other
in need
 DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE
-basis for the sayings:
“those who have less in life
should have more in law”

“from those to whom much is

given, much is expected”
 LEGAL JUSTICE
-regulates those actions which society
may justly require of the individual
for the common good
-according to legal justice, the State
may institute just laws and perform
such acts to further the welfare of
the community
-thus, laws are created to protect the
citizens
-in favor of the public interest
 RIGHT
-anything that is owed or due

- Something to which a person has

a just and lawful clain

- Anything that a person can

lawfully demand
 HUMAN RIGHTS
-rights pertaining to the rights
of man; inherent to man by
virtue of being a human being

-are the supreme, inherent and

inalienable rights to life,
dignity and to self-development
Supreme rights highest form of
rights

Inherent rights rights attached to

men as human

Inalienable rights rights that

cannot be transferred, cannot be
barrowed and cannot be taken away
 BILL OF RIGHTS
-a list of individual liberties,
freedom and rights guaranteed and
protected under Article III of
the 1987 Philippine Constitution
-protection of individuals
against abuses of the state
-protection of the rights of an
accused
DIFFERENT KINDS OF ETHICS

Special Ethics

Professional Ethics

Police Ethics
SPECIAL ETHICS the study of the
application of the general
principles of morality
 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
-a sub branch of special ethics
-a set of moral code to which
every profession must subscribe
-aims to guide the actuations of
the professional in the practice
of his profession
POLICE ETHICS a practical science
that treats the principle of human
morality and duty as applied to law
enforcement
-PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE CODE OF
PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL
STANDARDS
-BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ON THE
PNP CODE OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND
ETHICAL STANDARDS
-According to Section 37 RA
6975, “There shall be
established a performance
evaluation system which shall be
administered in accordance with
the rules, regulations and
standards, and a CODE OF CONDUCT
promulgated by the Commission
for members of the PNP..”
NAPOLCOM RESOLUTION NO92-4
the resolution issued by the
NAPOLCOM approving the draft of
the PNP Code of Professional
Conduct and Ethical Standards by
the PNP

approved on 12 March 1992

 LAWS RELATED TO THE PNP CODE OF
PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS

-RA 3019 The Anti Graft and Corruption

Practices Act
-RA 6713 Code of Conduct and Ethical
Standards for Public Officials and Employees
-RA 7080 Anti Plunder Act
-Peoples Law Enforcement Board Rules and
Regulations
-PD 1357 ill Gotten Wealth
-PD 46 Act punishing the receiving and giving
gifts of Public Officials and Employee
 NEGLECT OF DUTY OR NON
FEASANCE
the omission or refusal,
without sufficient excuse, to
perform an act or duty, which it
was the peace officer’s legal
obligation to perform, it
implies a duty as well as its
breach and the fact can never be
found in the absence of duty
IRREGULARITIES IN THE PERFORMANCE
OF DUTY OR MISFEASANCE

the improper performance of

some act which might lawfully
done
 MISCONDUCT OR MALFEASANCE
-the doing either through ignorance, in
attention or malice, of that which the
officer had no legal right to do all, as
where he acts without any authority
whatsoever, or exceeds, ignores or abuses
his powers
-generally means wrongful, improper or
unlawful conduct, motivated by premeditated,
obstinate or intentional purpose
-usually refers to transgressions of some
established and definite rule of action
 INCOMPETENCY
-the manifest lack of adequate
ability and fitness for the
satisfactory performance of
police duties
-has reference to any physical,
moral or intellectual quality,
the lack of which substantially
incapacitates one to perform his
duties
 OPPRESSION
an act of cruelty,
severity, unlawful exaction,
domination or excessive use
of authority
DISLOYALTY TO THE GOVERNMENT

consists of abandonment or
renunciation of one’s loyalty to
the Government of the
Philippines or advocating the
overthrow of the government
 GRAFT VS CORRUPTION

Graft refers to abuse of power

while you are in the government

Corruption involves misuse of

public funds for personal gains
 PRIMORDIAL POLICE
RESPONSIBILITY
-the primary responsibility of
the police is CRIME PREVENTION
-Crime Suppression
-Crime Control
-Respond to the Crime Scene
-Protect and Serve the society
LIMITATION OF POLICE AUTHORITY

-laws set limits to the

authority of the police in the
performance of their functions
-police officers are not
exempted from obeying the law
they are enforcing
-knowledge of the law and other
responsibilities
LIMITATION OF POLICE AUTHORITY

-police officers must know and

understand the laws they are
enforcing

-police officers must know the

relationship of the PNP with
other law enforcement agencies
Proper Conduct and Behavior
police officers must be careful
with what they say and what they
do at all times, whether in
their personal lives or official
capacity
Conduct in Arresting Law
Violators police officers must
always abide by the rules and
prescribed procedures in making
lawful arrests
Firmness in Refusing Gifts or
Favors police officers must
NEVER ASK for, and NEVER ACCEPT
gifts or favors in exchange for
their help or assistance to
avoid misinterpretation
Impartial Presentation of
Evidence

-impartial = fair
-police officers must present
all evidence, whether the
evidence proves the innocence or
guilt of the suspect
 ATTITUDES TOWARDS POLICE
PROFESSION
-police officers must have a high
regard and respect for the police
profession

-police officers must strive to

improve their knowledge and skill
in order to serve the community
the best possible way they can
PROFESSIONAL POLICE PRINCIPLES

-PREVENTION OF CRIME AND

DISORDER

-COOPERATION OF THE COMMUNITY

-UNREASONABLE FORCE REDUCE

COMMUNITY COOPERATION
PROFESSIONAL POLICE PRINCIPLES

-USE OF REASONABLE FORCE WHEN

PERSUASION IS NOT SUFFICIENT

-IMPARTIAL ENFORCEMENT OF LAWS

-THE COMMUNITY ARE THE POLICE

-POLICE SHOULD NOT JUDICIAL POWER

PROFESSIONAL POLICE PRINCIPLES

-RULES OF ENGAGEMENT IMPARTIALLY

OBSERVED

-REDUCTION OF CRIME AND DISORDER

-POLICE DISCRETION
Prevention of Crime and Disorder

-it is the primordial

responsibility of the police
-it is the primary objective of
the police organization
Cooperation of the Community

-the ability of the police to

perform their duty is dependent
upon community support
-the police must secure the
respect and trust of the community
in order to gaiun their support
Unreasonable force to reduces
community cooperation

police officers must not abuse

their authority because it affects
the attitude and opinions of the
community towards them, which in
turn affects their desire to
cooperate
Use of Reasonable Force when
Persuasion is not Sufficient
police officers are allowed to
use force when dialogue is no
longer effective, but the kind
or degree of force must be
REASONABLE
Impartial Enforcement of Laws

-police officers must enforce

the law equally to all persons,
without regard to social status
-the law should apply to all
Police should not Usurp Judicial Power

-Usurp = take on, assume

-Judicial Power = the authority to
judge and impose penalty
-police officers have no authority to
decide if the suspect is guilty or
not, and cannot impose the penalty
that they want
Reduction of Crime and Disorder
the test of police efficiency
is the reduction of crime and
disorder until totally
eradicated, not by evidence of
police presence and action lin
dealing with the community
Rules of Engagement Impartially
Observed
police officers must always
abide by the prescfribed
procedures in conducting police
operations
Abuse of Discretion
-the use of discretion in such a
way as to deprive a person of
his right
-police officers must never
ABUSE POLICE DISCRETION granted
to them
Police Discretion
the act or the liberty to
decide according to the
principles of justice and the
police officers ideas of what is
right and proper under the
circumstances
 PNP CORE VALUES
-Love of God
-Respect for Authority
-Selfless Love and Service to
People
-Sanctity of Marriage and Respect
for Women
-Responsible Dominion and
Stewardship over Material Things
-Truthfullness
 POLICE OFFICERS CREED
-I believe in God, The Supreme
Being, a Great Provider, and The
Creator of all men and everything
dear to me. In return, I can do
no less than love him above all
by obeying his word, seek his
guidance in the performance of my
sworn duties and honor him at all
times.
 POLICE OFFICERS CREED
I believe that respect for
authority is a duty. I respect
and uphold the Constitution, the
laws of the land and the
applicable rules and
regulations. I recognize the
legitimacy and authority of the
leadership; and obey legal
orders of my superior officers.
 POLICE OFFICERS CREED
I believe in selfless love and
service to people. Towards this
end, I commit myself to the
service of my fellowmen over and
above my personal interest.
 POLICE OFFICERS CREED
I believe in the sanctity of
marriage and the respect for
women. I shall set the example
of decency and morality and
shall have high regard for
family life and value of marital
fidelity.
 POLICE OFFICERS CREED
I believe in the responsible dominion
and stewardship over material things.
I shall inhibit myself from
extravagance and ostentatious display
of material things. I shall respect
private and public properties and
prevent others from destroying them.
I shall help protect the environment
and conserve nature to maintain
ecological balance.
 POLICE OFFICERS CREED
I believe in the wisdom of
truthfulness. I must be
trustworthy and I shall speak
the truth at all times.
 PNP STAND ON BASIC ISSUES
PNP Image PNP members shall possess the
following virtues:

HONOR
INTEGRITY
VALOR
JUSTICE
HONESTY
HUMILITY
CHARITY
LOYAL TO SERVICE
Delicadeza
-sense of pride and self worth
-police officers must be able to
sacrifice self interest in the
name of duty
-police officers must not do
anything that would bring dishonor
to himself and to the PNP
organization itself
Police Lifestyle

-police officers must live a

simple, yet credible and
dignified life, free from greed,
corruption and exploitation
-police officers must set a good
example
Political Patronage

Police officers must NEVER ASK

for recommendations from public
officials in matters pertaining
to promotion, assignment, awards
and others
Commitment to Democracy
police officers must never
forget that they are public
servants and they must at all
times uphold the Constitution
and be loyal to the country, the
people and the PNP organization
Commitment to Public Interest
PUBLIC INTEREST for the good of the
people or community
-police officers must always uphold
public interest over and above personal
interests
-police officers must respect the fact
that their resources are funded by
taxpayers money and should be used wisely
and economically to avoid wastage of
public funds
 POLICE ETHICAL
STANDARDS
Ethical Standards
-refer to established and generally
accepted moral values and ethical acts
1.Morality
2.Judicious use of Authority
3.Justice
4.Humility
5.Orderliness
6.Perseverance
7.Integrity
Morality
-police officers must adhere to
high standard of morality and
decency and shall set good
examples for others to follow
-they must not be involved with
illegal activities
-they shall be loyal to their
spouses
Judicious Use of Authority
JUDICIOUS = wise;proper
-police officers must exercise
proper and legitimate use of
authority in the performance of
duty
Moonlighting
an act of public employee pursuing or
following any calling or occupation, or
the act engaging in any business, which
includes but not limited to all
activities, jobs, work and similar
function performed, engaged in or
undertaking by him, in or off duty hours
with or without compensation, which is
inconsistent or incompatible with the
duties or functions
POLICE CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS

Customs
-rules of conduct formed by
repetition of acts, uniformly
practiced as social rules
-established usages or social
practices carried on by
tradition that have obtained the
force of law
POLICE CUSTOMS ON COURTESY

Courtesy
a manifestation or expression
of consideration and respect

Salute
the usual greeting by uniformed
members in recognizing persons
entitled to a salute
Salute National color and standard –
refers to the Philippine Flag
Address or Title – PNP members who
are junior in rank must address
senior members with SIR OR MA’AM
Courtesy Call – when a police officer
appears before a superior officer as
a sign of respect and in
acknowledgement of the latters
authority or position
PNP ETHICS DAY

-celebrated yearly on January 7

-started on 7 January 1995 and
celebrated every year thereafter
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING
AND
GOODLUCK