INFRARISK Summer Workshop 2018 – 18th July 2018 – IST - Lisbon

Seismic Risk Assessment of “Placa” Buildings. Cost-effectiveness

Analysis of Techniques for Risk Mitigation.
1st year
Author: Vasco Bernardo (vbernardo@lnec.pt)
Supervisors: Dr. Paulo Candeias (LNEC) and Dr. Aníbal Costa (University of Aveiro, Portugal)
Tower of Delle Rocche castle after Emilia Earthquake, 2012

ANALYSIS AND MITIGATION OF RISKS IN INFRASTRUCTURES | INFRARISK-

! July 18
Outline

Ø Introduction and Motivation

Ø Objectives
Ø The “Placa” Buildings
Ø Seismic Risk Assessment
Ø Working in Progress
§ Statistics of the Elements at Risk
§ Advanced Tools for Structural Vulnerability Assessment & Risk Mitigation
§ Experimental Modal identification – 1st Case study

Ø Research Plan

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Motivation

Amatrice, 2016 (M= 6,2 and depth=10 km)

Ferrara, 2012 (M= 6,0 and depth=5 km)

Coburn & Spence, 2002
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Motivation

Ø Save and protect human lives

Ø Reduce the impacts and losses
Ø Building safe structures
Ø Conservation and restoration of built
heritage

Staying a step ahead of a natural disaster

WE MUST!!

Minimize future losses

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Objectives

• Seismic risk assessment of “Placa” buildings in Metropolitan Area of

Lisbon (MAL):
• uncertainty in earthquake event (magnitude, depth, source, seismic waves
propagation);

• uncertainty in the structure response;

• effect of the interaction with adjacent buildings (block response).

• Understanding and predicting local and global failure mechanisms;

• Define strategies for seismic risk mitigation based in cost-

effectiveness analysis;

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 Portugal Masonry Buildings Typology

“Pré-Pombalinos” “Pombalinos” “Gaioleiros” “Placa”

(before 1755) (1755-1880) (1880-1930) (1930-1960)

R.S.C.C.S. – First Portuguese regulation for seismic design – 1958

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The “Placa” Buildings

Roof – Timber Structure

Interior walls

RC Slab (Lopes, 2008)

Exterior walls Foundation

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 Weak Points and Typical Failure Modes

Ø Vertical structural elements with

low resistance to shear and
bending;
Ø Very heavy structure;
Ø For horizontal shaking, floors and
roofs can disconnect from the
walls;
Ø Pounding on adjacent buildings;
Ø Addition of floors or structural
changes (openings or removed
walls);

FEMA & ATC, 1998

Vertical bending, Kevinsh 2017 Out-of-plane behavior

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Seismic Risk Assessment - Basic Definition

HAZARD x VULNERABILITY x EXPOSURE

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Seismic Risk Assessment - Framework
Seismic Risk Assessment
Absolute Risk (detailed method)
Relative Risk (rapid method)
Seismic Hazard
Probabilistic or deterministic Seismic Hazard assessment
Seismic Hazard
Peak Ground Acceleration Vulnerability of buildings
• Empirical - damage probability matrices, index
Vulnerability of buildings vulnerability methods, macroseismic method, rapid
(census data) screening method, damage probability matrices.
• Analytical - Capacity spectrum based method,
collapse mechanism based methods, vulnerability
Population Exposure curves and damage probabilities matrices
(census data)
Population Exposure (Census)
• Building inventor (typology, usage, age, materials,
occupancy)
• Residents: number per buildings
Risk Economical and social losses
Losses Low
level? High
• Cost of repair and replacement of building damages
and indirect costs.
• Injured people (HAZUS model)

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 Work in Progress

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Global Statistics of Elements at Risk (Census 2011)

PORTUGAL MAL

(RSCCS – 1958)

“Placa”: ~1.1 M “Placa”: ~97 k

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 Disaggregation of Census 2011 Data for Buildings – M.A.L.
0%
RC Typology:
URM1 0%
5,0% URM2 83%
22 297 RSM
Other 15%
2,2%
26%
RC
6,4% URM1 28%
URM2 37% Floors:
28 955 RSM
Buildings (448 957)

Other 7,4%
1,2%
RC 49%
12,0% URM1 32%
URM2 16%
54 006 RSM
Other 2,1%
0,6%
RC 67%
13,4% URM1 25%
59 963 URM2 7,6%
RSM
Other 0,7%
0,3%
RC 73%
URM1 23%
18,7% URM2 3,1%
83 916 RSM
Other 0,2%
0,5%

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 Tools for Structural Vulnerability Assessment & Risk Mitigation
Ø Macro Element Formulation: Ø Applied Element Method:
• Tremuri (non-linear beam element for • Real simulation of masonry (brick +
modeling piers and spandrels – in mortar);
plane); • Useful to determine standoff distances,
safety perimeters and potential
• 3DMacro (discrete elements) collateral damage;
• Visualize scenarios and their
consequences;

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 Experimental Modal Identification
1st Case Study: Group of “Placa” buildings (Bairro de Alvalade)

7,0m
17,5m

Rua Guilherme Faria – Bairro de Alvalade

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 Experimental Modal Identification
1st Case Study: Group of “Placa” buildings (Bairro de Alvalade)
Reference building

f = 5,81 Hz

f = 7,47 Hz

f = 9,22 Hz
f = 10,6 Hz
Ks=?

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 Research Plan

Time line

Vasco Bernardo / Seismic Risk Assessment of “Placa” Buildings. Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Techniques for Risk Mitigation. 17
 KEEP
CALM
AND

DO
SOMETHING
BEFORE

THANK YOU!

Diário da Républica nº73

Vasco Bernardo / Seismic Risk Assessment of “Placa” Buildings. Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Techniques for Risk Mitigation. 18