08-Nov-2023

Planning and Scheduling

CE441B : Construction Management

Instructor: Chirag Kothari

Department of Civil Engineering
 How can you calculate these Floats?
• Total float – time an activity can be delayed without causing a delay in the
completion of the entire project
• Free float – time by which start of an activity can be delayed without
delaying the start of the following activity

CE441B – 2023 - Chirag Kothari, IIT Kanpur

FF (i,j) = Ej – Ei – D(i,j)
• Independent float – time by which start of an activity maybe delayed
without affecting the preceding or the following activity (including their
floats)
IF (i,j) = Ej – Li – D(i,j)
• Interference float = Total float – free float

08-Nov-2023 Construction Planning & Scheduling – Part 3 2

 Solution for Exercise 6
4 6 6 8
F G 12 15
H
2 2
7 3 9 10 4 12 3
15 21
0 4 4 9 9 12 12 0 15
E
A L

CE441B – 2023 - Chirag Kothari, IIT Kanpur

K
6
4 5 3 15 0 21
0 0 4 4 0 9 9 0 12 12 14
6 8 D
4 6
B C 2
13 1 15
2 2
9 5 11 11 13

Only Finish to Start (FS) relationship is considered. No lead or lag considered.

08-Nov-2023 Construction Planning & Scheduling – Part 3 3
 Precedence revisited
• Logical relationship

• Four common types of precedence relationships

• Finish to start (FS)
• Start to start (SS)

CE441B – 2023 - Chirag Kothari, IIT Kanpur

• Finish to finish (FF)
• Start to finish (SF)

• Lag - the amount of wait time between two tasks.

• Lead - A successor activity can be started/finished (before these many

days) before the predecessor activity has finished.
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Precedence Network
 Precedence network
• Also, called Precedence Diagram Method

• Diagram resembles AON diagram

CE441B – 2023 - Chirag Kothari, IIT Kanpur

EST TF EFT
Activity Name
LST Duration LFT

• The lead/lag factor and activity relationship is represented on the arrows

Example – SS = 8 or FS = - 4 or FF = 2

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 Backward & Forward pass
• The forward and backward pass changes with the introduction of FF and SS
relationships.

• We will assume activity splitting is not allowed, i.e., activity once started
must get complete without pausing the activity.

CE441B – 2023 - Chirag Kothari, IIT Kanpur

𝐹𝑆 = 𝐸𝐹𝑖 + 𝑙𝑎𝑔
𝑆𝑆 = 𝐸𝑆𝑖 + 𝑙𝑎𝑔
• Forward pass – 𝐸𝑆𝑗 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑖 𝐹𝐹 = 𝐸𝐹 + 𝑙𝑎𝑔 − 𝐷
𝑖 𝑗
𝑆𝐹 = 𝐸𝑆𝑖 + 𝑙𝑎𝑔 − 𝐷𝑗

08-Nov-2023 Construction Planning & Scheduling – Part 3 7

 Backward & Forward pass
• Backward pass
𝐹𝑆 = 𝐿𝑆𝑗 − 𝑙𝑎𝑔
𝑆𝑆 = 𝐿𝑆𝑗 − 𝑙𝑎𝑔 + 𝐷𝑖
𝐿𝐹𝑖 = 𝑀𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑗
𝐹𝐹 = 𝐿𝐹𝑗 − 𝑙𝑎𝑔
𝑆𝐹 = 𝐿𝐹𝑗 − 𝑙𝑎𝑔 + 𝐷𝑗

CE441B – 2023 - Chirag Kothari, IIT Kanpur

The total float is given by

Float = LST - EST

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 Create a precedence network diagram
Activity Duration (days) Relationship
A – Earthwork 10 -
B - Steel fabrication 5 -
C - Shuttering fabrication 5 -
D - Plain cement concrete 5 A ; FS = 2

CE441B – 2023 - Chirag Kothari, IIT Kanpur

(PCC)
E - Rebar transportation 1 B; FS = 1 and D; SF = 1
F - Concreting of raft 15 D; SS=7 and D; FF=1
and E; FS=0
G - Wall shuttering 1 C; FS = 1 and F; SF=1
H - Concreting of wall 45 G; FS=0
F; SS =1 and F; FF=3
I - Fencing 5 H; FS =0
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 Solution – Step 1 (Network diagram)

A - Earthwork D - PCC F – Conc Raft

10 5 15

CE441B – 2023 - Chirag Kothari, IIT Kanpur

B – Steel fab E – Rebar trans H – Conc wall
5 1 45

C – Shuttering G – Wall I – Fencing

fab shuttering
5
5 1

08-Nov-2023 Construction Planning & Scheduling – Part 3 10

 Solution – Step 2 (LST & EST) SS=1
SS=7

FS=2 FS=0 FF=3

A – Earthwork D - PCC F – Conc Raft
10 5 15

SF=1 FF=1

CE441B – 2023 - Chirag Kothari, IIT Kanpur

FS=1
B – Steel fab E – Rebar trans H – Conc wall
SF=1 45
5 1

FS=0

FS=0 0
C – Shuttering FS=1 G – Wall I – Fencing
fab shuttering 5
5 1

08-Nov-2023 Construction Planning & Scheduling – Part 3 11

 Solution – Step 3 (Total float) SS=1
SS=7
0 10 12 17 19 34
FS=2 FS=0 FF=3
A - Earthwork D - PCC F – Conc Raft
0 10 10 12 5 17 19 15 34

SF=1 FF=1

0 5 12 13 20 65

CE441B – 2023 - Chirag Kothari, IIT Kanpur

FS=1
B – Steel fab E – Rebar trans H – Conc wall
SF=1 20 45 65
12 5 17 18 1 19

FS=0

0 5 19 20 FS=0 65 70
C – Shuttering FS=1 G – Wall I – Fencing
fab shuttering 65 5 70
13 5 18 19 1 20

08-Nov-2023 Construction Planning & Scheduling – Part 3 12

 Solution – Step 3 (Total float) SS=1
SS=7
0 0 10 12 0 17 19 0 34
FS=2 FS=0 FF=3
A - Earthwork D - PCC F – Conc Raft
0 10 10 12 5 17 19 15 34

SF=1 FF=1

0 12 5 12 6 13 20 0 65

CE441B – 2023 - Chirag Kothari, IIT Kanpur

FS=1
B – Steel fab E – Rebar trans H – Conc wall
SF=1 20 45 65
12 5 17 18 1 19

FS=0

0 13 5 19 0 20 FS=0 65 0 70
C – Shuttering FS=1 G – Wall I – Fencing
fab shuttering 65 5 70
13 5 18 19 1 20

08-Nov-2023 Construction Planning & Scheduling – Part 3 13

 CE441B – 2023 - Chirag Kothari, IIT Kanpur
08-Nov-2023 Construction Planning & Scheduling – Part 3 14