Macro-Perspective in Tourism and Hospitality Module 3

MACRO PERSPECTIVE IN
TOURISM AND
HOSPITALITY
BENJO MANZANO QUIDULIT
Course Instructor
Introduction
This course provides a comprehensive understanding of the tourism and
hospitality industry, going beyond the typical view of tourism. It covers
common concepts and terms used in various sectors and aims to enhance
local and industry knowledge. It explores the structure and impact of
tourism on the global economy and society, as well as its integration with
other local industries. The course also examines the factors influencing
the history and future of tourism worldwide and in the Philippines.
Additionally, it introduces the sustainable goals of tourism and addresses
topics such as child protection and risk mitigation in tourism destinations.
Students will also gain an appreciation for global organizations and their
influence on tourism trends.
2
Topics
Topic 1
THE MEANING Topic 7
AND
IMPORTANCE TRENDS IN
OF TOURISM TOURISM AND
AND HOSPITALITY
HOSPITALITY Topic 6
Topic 2 TOURISM AND Topic 8
HISTORY OF Topic 4 HOSPITALITY SUSTAINABLE
ORGANIZATION MANAGEMEN
TOURISM AND
IMPACT OF T IN TOURISM
HOSPITALITY
TOURISM AND AND
Topic 3 HOSPITALITY Topic 5 HOSPITALITY
SCOPE OF ECONOMICS
TOURISM OF TOURISM Topic 9
AND RISK
HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT
IN TOURISM
AND
HOSPITALITY
1ST TERM
3 TOURISM AND
HOSPITALITY 2023- 2024
Module 3: SCOPE OF TOURISM
1ST TERM
4 TOURISM AND
LEARNING Outcomes:
- Explain the direct and indirect components of the

tourism and hospitality network.
- Discuss tourism and hospitality industry network and
supply
components
- Evaluate the role of Industry stakeholders
1ST TERM
5 TOURISM AND
THE COMPONENTS OF TOURISM and
HOSPITALITY
Goeldner and Ritchie (2012) discuss the inter-relationships among the
various components of the tourism industry. Tourists are the reason for the
existence of the tourism and hospitality industry. Natural resources and the
environment represent a key factor in attracting visitors. The built
environment which refers to infrastructure, superstructure, technology and
information is another dimension that greatly affects tourism. Across these
are the processes and systems that help design, develop, manage, and
measure activities, programs, and to ensure that tourists enjoy their
experience.
The TRAVEL INDUSTRY is a Tourism and Hospitality network, which includes
both the private and public, that are involved in the development,
production, and marketing of products and services to serve the needs of
the travelers.
1ST TERM
6 TOURISM AND
DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN
TOURIST ANA EXCURSIONIST
a. Tourist (Overnight Visitor) –visitors
staying at least 24 hours in the
destination.
b. Excursionist (Same-Day Visitor) –visitors

staying less than 24 hours in the
destination visited and not making an
overnight stay, including cruise travelers
but excluding travelers in transit.
7
THE COMPONENTS OF TOURISM and HOSPITALITY
DIRECT PROVIDERS SUPPORT SERVICES DEVELOPMENTAL

ORGANIZATIONS
1ST TERM
8 TOURISM AND
- Includes businesses that are associated with travel,
such as airlines, hotels, restaurants, ground
transportation, travel agencies, and retail shops.
- These businesses provide services, activities, and

products that are consumed and/or purchased directly
by travelers.
DIRECT PROVIDERS
- They represent the sectors of the industry that are
visible to travelers.
1ST TERM
9 TOURISM AND
- It includes specialized services such as tour
organizers, travel and trade publications, hotel
management firms, and travel research firms.
- It also includes basic supplies and services such as

contract laundry and contract food services.
SUPPORT SERVICES - Support services sell goods and services directly but
not exclusively to tourists.
1ST TERM
10 TOURISM AND
- It includes planners, government agencies, financial
institutions, real estate developers, and educational and
vocational training institutions.
- These organizations deal with tourism development which

tends to be more complex and broader in scope than the
production of daily travel services.
DEVELOPMENTAL
- The decisions and results of tourism development are more
ORGANIZATIONS long-term in nature than the first two categories which deal
more with operations.
1ST TERM
11 TOURISM AND
Natural Resources
SUPPLY
COMPONENTS
CATEGORIES OF Infrastructure
TOURISM AND
Transportation and
HOSPITALITY Transportation Equipment
Superstructure
-it includes the climate, weather, landforms, terrain, flora and
fauna, bodies of water, beaches, natural beauty and water
supply drinking, sanitation and similar uses and its
attractions represent the primary reason for travel.
- Geophysical-landscape-aesthetic: These include mountains,

rivers, volcanoes as well as phenomena such as the Aurora
Borealis, and the blooming of cherry blossoms.
Natural - Ecological-biological: These refer to "organisms and

Resources ecological events or processes" (Cruz, 2014, p.7) such as the
wildebeest migration in Serengeti.
1ST TERM
13 TOURISM AND
- Consists of all underground and surface developmental
construction such as water supply systems, communication
networks health care facilities, transportation terminals, power
sources, sewage/drainage areas, streets/highways, security
systems, airports, railroads, roads, drives, parking lots, and similar
tourist service installations.
- Hospitality resources – include the cultural wealth of an area
which makes possible the successful hosting of tourists. It refers
to the general feeling of welcome that the visitors receive while
visiting a destination area.
Infrastructure - It is the way that tourist services are delivered by service
providers. As well as the general feeling of warmth from the local
population.
1ST TERM
14 TOURISM AND
It includes ships, airplanes, trains, buses, limousines,
taxis, automobiles, cog railways, aerial tramways,
and similar passenger transportation facilities. (land
travel, sea travel, and air travel)
Transportation and
Transportation
Equipment
1ST TERM
15 TOURISM AND
These are above-the-ground facilities services such
as airport buildings, passenger traffic terminals,
hotels and other types of accommodation,
restaurants, shopping centers, places of
entertainment, museums, stores, and similar
Superstructure structures.
1ST TERM
16 TOURISM AND
STAKEHOLDERS
A tourism stakeholder is described
as an individual, organization,
and/ or community interested in
the industry’s success.
17
Tourists and Visitors
Owners and Shareholders of Tourism and Hospitality
Enterprise
Property Owners Government
Civil Social Groups Communities
Suppliers Academe
International Organizations Indigenous People
Media Competitors
STAKEHOLDERS Intermediaries Employees
Non-Government Organizations (NGOs)
1ST TERM
18 TOURISM AND
The stakeholders
represent either
the supply or
drive demand for
products and
services.
19
1. DEMAND SIDE – tourists are classified based on
their origin
a. Domestic Tourists
b. International Tourists
1ST TERM
20 TOURISM AND
2. SUPPLY SIDE – based on their function and contributions to the industry.
a. Resource Providers – these include government agencies, parks, museums,
heritage and traditional landowners.
b. Tourism Operators – these are private companies running tourism-related
businesses such as airlines, hotels, restaurants, transport, and attractions. These also
include travel intermediaries such as tour operators and travel agencies.
c. Tourism Managers – these refer to tourism commissions and other
organizations involved in planning policy formulation, implementation, and
monitoring of tourism activities.
d. Infrastructure and Support Services – these refer to private and public
agencies that are primarily involved in road, bridge, and highway construction and
Maintenance; the design, building, and upkeep of airport, prier, terminal, and other
Similar structures; as well as the provision of electricity. Water, sewerage, waste
Disposal, and other related service
1ST TERM
21 TOURISM AND
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MACRO PERSPECTIVE IN

- Explain the direct and indirect components of the

b. Excursionist (Same-Day Visitor) –visitors

DIRECT PROVIDERS SUPPORT SERVICES DEVELOPMENTAL

- These businesses provide services, activities, and

- It also includes basic supplies and services such as

- These organizations deal with tourism development which

- Geophysical-landscape-aesthetic: These include mountains,

Natural - Ecological-biological: These refer to "organisms and

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