Name Class Class 4A/B

Subject UOI - General Science Submission dateline 10 January

2024

Friction, Air Resistance, Water Resistance and Upthrust

Friction is the force that opposes the motion of an object when it comes into contact with another object or
surface. It acts in the direction opposite to the motion and is caused by the roughness of surfaces.

Air resistance, also known as drag, is the force exerted by air molecules on an object moving through the air. It
acts opposite to the direction of motion and increases with the object's speed and surface area.

Water resistance is the force that opposes the motion of an object through water. It is similar to air resistance
but occurs in water, slowing down the movement of objects.

Upthrust, or buoyancy, is the upward force exerted by a fluid (liquid or gas) on an object placed in it. This force
is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
You are required to take up one of the four projects stated below. You are required to submit a video of you
experimenting the project at home (no longer than 3 minutes) and create a poster pertaining to the Force of your
choice. Example: If you take up the experiment on Water Resistance, your poster should be on Water
Resistance. The video must be uploaded in your Google Classroom by the submission date.

Experiment 1

Friction Exploration:
Objective: Investigate the effects of friction on different surfaces.

Materials: Toy cars, various surfaces (wood, carpet, sandpaper), inclined plane.

Instructions:

● Roll toy cars down an inclined plane covered with different surfaces.
● Observe and measure the distance each car travels on different surfaces.
● Discuss how the type of surface affects friction. (in your poster)

Your poster should include:

● What is friction and Examples of friction.

● What are the materials used in your experiment?
● The aim and outcome of your experiment.
● Data of your experiment.
● Discussion on how the types of surface affects friction. Remember to explain about each surface clearly.
Experiment 2

Air Resistance and Paper Helicopters:

Objective: Explore air resistance using paper helicopters. Materials:

Paper, scissors, paperclips.

Instructions:

● Cut paper into helicopter shapes.

● Drop the helicopters from a height and observe their descent. Count the number of seconds it takes to fall.
● Experiment with different designs and discuss how air resistance affects their fall.

Your poster should include:

● What is air resistance and Examples of air resistance

● What are the materials used in your experiment?
● The aim and outcome of your experiment.
● Data of your experiment.
● Discussion on how the shapes of helicopters affect the time taken to descent.
● What are the limitations of this experiment?
Experiment 3

Water Resistance with Boat Designs:

Objective: Investigate water resistance by designing and testing boats. Materials:

Plasticine/clay, plastic containers, basin of water.

Instructions:

● Design small boats using plasticine.

● Place boats in water and observe how they move.
● Discuss the role of water resistance in boat movement. (in your poster)

Your poster should include:

● What is water resistance and Examples of water resistance

● What are the materials used in your experiment?
● The aim and outcome of your experiment.
● Data of your experiment.
● Discuss the role of water resistance in boat movement.
Experiment 4

Upthrust with Floating Objects:

Objective: Understand upthrust by experimenting with objects in water. Materials:

Various objects (plastic, wood, metal), basin of water.

Instructions:

● Place different objects in water and observe which ones float or sink.
● Discuss how upthrust (buoyancy) allows some objects to float. (in your poster)

Your poster should include:

● What is upthrust?
● What are the materials used in your experiment?
● The aim and outcome of your experiment.
● Data of your experiment.
● Discuss how upthrust (buoyancy) allows some objects to float.
 Criteria Excellent (4) Proficient (3) Basic (2) Limited (1)

Demonstrates an
excellent understanding
Shows a good
of the concepts (friction, Some understanding of Limited understanding
understanding of the
air resistance, upthrust, the concepts, but of the concepts, leading
Content Knowledge concepts. Information is
water resistance). inaccuracies or lack of to significant
mostly accurate with
Accurate information is clarity may be present. inaccuracies.
clear explanations.
presented with depth
and clarity.

Provides a detailed and

The explanation of the
clear explanation of the Provides a good
experimental setup is The description of the
experimental setup, explanation of the
Experimental Setup basic, and experimental setup is
including materials experimental setup, but
improvements are unclear or incomplete.
used and procedures may lack some details.
needed for clarity.
followed.

Presents detailed and

Presents good results Results are basic, and
accurate results with
with clear observations. observations lack Results are unclear or
Results and insightful observations.
Data is organized, but depth. Data absent. Observations
Observations Data is well-organized
some improvements organization needs are limited or absent.
and enhances
could be made. improvement.
understanding.
 A well-drawn
conclusion that A good conclusion that A basic conclusion that
Conclusion is unclear or
Conclusion and summarizes findings summarizes findings partially summarizes
absent. Reflection is
Reflection and reflects on the but may lack depth in findings, lacking depth
limited or absent.
significance of the reflection. in reflection.
experiment.

Exceptional use of
Good use of visuals
visuals, including Visuals are basic and
that contribute to
charts, graphs, or may not effectively Visuals are minimal,
Visuals and Graphics understanding, but
images, that enhance contribute to unclear, or irrelevant.
some improvements
understanding and understanding.
could be made.
engage the viewer.