FIRST QUARTER — UCSP: SOCIOLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIAL SCIENCE
❛ notes ni rai ‧₊˚✧ STEM 12 A ❬ subject reviewer ❭ 🗓: sep | 04 | ‘23
☆ SOCIAL SCIENCE
⧽ the discipline under which identity, culture, society, and
politics are studied.
⧽ comprised of disciplines that study the overall function of
a society, as well as the interactions among individual
members of an institution.
⧽ Anthropology, Sociology, and Political Science are
among the disciplines under Social Science.
⧽ more on interactions, behaviors, intrapersonal relations
with other people.
culture ──────────────
⧽ a complex whole which encompasses the beliefs,
practices, values, attitudes, norms, artifacts, symbols,
knowledge, and everything that a person learns and
shares as a member of society (Edward B. Taylor).
⧽ consists of beliefs, behavior, objects, and other
characteristics common to the member of a particular
group or society.
⧽ all the ways of life including arts, beliefs and institutions
of a population that are passed down from generation to
generation.
⧽ only humans have culture (they are superior among all of
the species).
⧽ the only way to change culture is through adaptation and
the only way culture can be adapted is through
socializing.
⧽ Indirect Culture — adaptation through observations
⧽ Direct Culture — adaptation through interaction with
other people
society ──────────────
⧽ an organized group/s of independent people who share
a common territory, language, and culture, who act
together for collective survival and well-being.
☆ ANTHROPOLOGY
⧽ according to 18th century anthropologist Edward Tylor:
○ Anthropology — is a behavioral science that
deals with the study of culture - its components,
characteristics, functions, modes of adaptation,
cultural values, and practices.
⧽ Anthropology came from the Greek words:
○ Anthropos = man / human beings
○ Logos = study
⧽ is the scientific study of man, his works, his body and his
behavior and values over time; study of culture.
⧽ is the study of human beings and their ancestors.
goals of anthropology ──────────────
⧽ describe and analyze the biological evolution of mankind.
⧽ describe and assess the cultural development of our
species.
⧽ describe, explain and analyze the present day human
cultural similarities and differences.
⧽ describe and explain human biological diversity day.
the 4 branches/disciplines of anthropology ─────────
1. PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY — branch of
anthropology concerned with the origin, evolution, and
diversity of people. (ex. Charles Darwin Theory of
Evolution)
2. CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGIST — investigate
contrasting ways of human (and groups of people) on
how they think, feel, etc.
→ we have multiple personality because of the
difference in environment.
→ how people who share a common cultural
system organize and shape the physical and
social world around them, and are in turn
shaped by those ideas, behaviors, and physical SOCIOLOGY?
environments.
→ hallmarked by the concept of culture itself
3. ARCHEOLOGISTS — they cover information about
human cultures
→ study about artifacts of humans.
→ a person who studies human history and
prehistory through the excavation of sites and
the analysis of artifacts and other physical
remains.
4. LINGUISTICS — study of human sense of language and
communication system; study of the relationship
between language and culture.
☆ SOCIOLOGY
⧽ a behavioral science that deals with the study of society -
its origin, evolution, characteristics, dimensions, and
basic social functions.
⧽ SOCIETY — is a group of people living together in a
definite territory, having a sense of belongingness,
mutually interdependent of each other, and follows a
certain way of life.
⧽ is a repetitive behavior
⧽ science of society . the interactions taking place, and
social behaviors which is viewed as an aggregate of
individuals (Robertson, 2009).
⧽ focuses attention in all kinds of social acts, relationships,
organizations, structures, and processes.
⧽ came from “socius” = companion or group or society and
“logos” = study.
⧽ seeks to discover the general principles underlying all
social phenomena and social relationship and ro
establish laws of change and growth in social changes
(Jayapalan).
goals of sociology ──────────────
⧽ understand ourselves better and mankind.
⧽ help with decision making, both own and that of larger
organizations.
⧽ gather systematic information from which to make a
decision, provide insights into what is going on in a
situation and present alternatives..
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ANTHROPOLOGY AND
● culture represents the beliefs and practices of a group,
while society represents the people who share those
beliefs and practice.
● they cannot exist without each other.
☆ POLITICAL SCIENCE
⧽ a systematic study of politics and government
⧽ also dwells on the study of the foundations of the state
and the principles of government.
⧽ examines the way people govern themselves, the various
forms of government, their structures, and their
relationships to other institutions.
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 ⧽ politics — involves a set of activities that are associated 2. Culture is Learned
with making decisions in groups or other forms of power a. Enculturation – is a process of learning your
relations between individuals, such as the distribution of own culture.
resources or statuses. b. Acculturation - is a process of accommodating
⧽ came from the word “polis” = city; sovereign state and desirable traits from other culture.
“scire” = to know or study c. Deculturation – culture has been lost and even
⧽ according to Northwest University, political science is the cultural trait itself is in the process of being
study of politics and power from domestic, international, forgotten.
and cooperative perspective.
3. Culture is Shared — implies that a particular behavior
goals of political science ────────────── cannot be considered as a culture if there is only one
⧽ be immersed in current affairs and build an person practicing it. Culture is shared intergenerational.
understanding on the local, national and international
politics. 4. Culture is Adaptive — culture is a tool for survival that
⧽ learn how political activities are organized in and out of humans use in response to the pressures of their
our country. environment.
⧽ provide substantially critical and scientific contribution to
government and society. 5. Culture is Maladaptive — culture can also cause
problems for the people who subscribe to it.
☆ IMPORTANT PEOPLE IN SOCIAL SCIENCE → these problems arise when environment is
change and culture has remained the same.
⧽ Charles Darwin
→ Theory of Evolution
6. Culture Changes — the final characteristic of culture it is
⧽ Edward Burnette Tylor
never static. This dynamism of culture is due to changing
→ Progression of Civilization
needs of humans as they interpret and survive in their
⧽ Franz Boas
environment.
→ Father of Modern Anthropology
⧽ Henry Otley Beyer
→ Father of Philippine Anthropology
☆ end of lesson 1 and 2 ☆
GOALS:
1. understand our biological origin
2. analyze our traits and our species
3. recognize the ways of human
4. understand the impact of this cultural significance to our
civilization.

☆ CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE
1. Culture is Everything
a. Material Culture – includes all tangible and
visible parts of culture, which includes clothes,
foods and even buildings
b. Nonmaterial Culture – includes all intangible
parts of culture, which consist of values, ideas
and knowledge.

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