E494 V8

Public Disclosure Authorized

REPUBLIC OF YEMEN
Public Disclosure Authorized

MINISTRY OF WATER AND ENVIRONMENT

URBAN WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATI025N

PROJECT

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT

Public Disclosure Authorized

TAIZ GOVERNORATE

TAZCW 1
Rehabilitation of Water Network in Eastern Part ofTaiz

TAZCW2
Rehabilitation of Water Network in Western Part ofTaiz
Public Disclosure Authorized

TAZCW3
Rehabilitation of Wastewater Treatment Plant and Extension
of Main Trunk line in Easter Taiz

TAZCW5
Rehabilitation and Extension of Sewerage System

August - September 2007

 REPUBLIC OF YElVIEN
MINISTRY OF WATER AND ENVIRONMENT

URBAN WATER SUPPLY AND SAN ITA TI025N

PROJECT

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT

TAIZ GOVERNORATE

By: Amer A. AI-Ghorbany (M.Se)

August - September 2007

TABLE OF CONTENT

List of Abbreviations ............................................................................ III

List of Tables ................................................................................ IV
IN"TRODUCTION ................................................................................ 1

CHAPTER ONE ................................................................................. 2

1.1 Project Description .......................................................................... 3
1.2 Governmental Coordination & Consultation.. . . . . ... ... ... . .. . ......................... 5
1.3 Public Consultation .......................................................................... 5
1.4 Negative Environmental Impacts ......................................................... 5
1.5 Environmental Mitigation Measures ..................................................... 8
1.6 Main Findings ............................................................................... .12
1.7 Recommendations .......................................................................... 12
1.8 Photographs ................................................................................. 13

CHAPTER TWO .............................................................................. 14

2.1 Project Description ......................................................................... 15
2.2 Governmental Coordination & Consultation ........................................... .16
2.3 Public Consultation ......................................................................... 16
2.4 Negative Environmental Impacts ........................................................ 16
2.5 Environmental Mitigation Measures ..................................................... 19
2.6 Main Findings .............................................................................. .24
2.7 Recommendations ................. , ., ...................................................... 24
2.8 Photographs ......... '" .................................................................... 25

CHAPTER THREE ........................................................................... 26

3.1 Project Description ........................................................................ 27
3.2 Governmental Coordination & Consultation ........................................... 29
3.3 Public Consultation ......................................................................... 29

I
3.4 Negative Environmental Impacts ........................................................ 29
3.5 Environmental Mitigation Measures .................................................. 33
3.6 Main Findings .................................. " ... , ............. ' ..... , .. , ............... 36
3.7 Recommendations. . . . . .. . ............................. , ................ , ................. .3 7
3.8 Photographs .............................................................................. ".38

CHAPTER FOUR............................................................................. 41
4.1 Project Description ......................................................................... 42
4.2 Governmental Coordination & Consultation ............... , .......................... ..4 3
4.3 Public Consultation ...................................................................... ..44
4.4 Negative Environmental Impacts ....................................................... .44
4.5 Environmental Mitigation Measures .................................................... .47
4.6 Main Findings ........... , ................................................................. 51
4.7 Recommendations .. , ........... , ........................................................... 51
4.8 Photographs ........................................ , .......... , ........................... 52

II
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMP Enviroqmental Management Plan

ESO Environmental Safety Officer

GoY Government of Yemen

IDA fu~rn~~n~D~cl~mem~eocy

NWSA National Water and Sanitation Authority

Pill Project Implementation Unit

PMU Project Management Unit

UWSSP Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project

WB World Bank

WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant

III
 REGISTER OF TABLES

Table 1.1: Scope of Work and Work Executed

Table 1.2: Potential Negative Impacts during Construction phase

Table 1.3: Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Table 2.1: Scope of Work and Work Executed

Table 2.2: Potential Negative Impacts during Construction Phase

Table 2.3: Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Table 3.1: Scope of work and Work Executed

Table 3.2: Potential Negative Impacts during Construction phase

Table 3.3: Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Table 4.1: Scope of Work and Work Executed

Table 4.2: Potential Negative Impacts During Construction Phase

Table 4.3: Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures

IV
INTRODUCTION

The Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project (UWSSP) is one of the biggest projects
working in water and sanitation sector in Yemen. The project aims to provide efficient
and sustainable service to ensure environme~tal and social stability in accordance to the
Five Year Development Plan, the Millennium Development Goals and Poverty Reduction
Strategy.

The total cost of the project is approximately (US$150) million of which the approved
credit amount by the International Development Agency (IDA) -for phase (1)- is
approximately (US$130) million and the committed amount by the Government of
Yemen (GoY) is (US$20) million.

Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project has included Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA), along with Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Mitigation
Program for civil works contracts signed by the project.

One of the overall objectives of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and
Mitigation Program is to ensure the possibility of correcting the planed measures to
mitigate adverse impacts. Many of these impacts have been foreseen, but the degree of
each impact may differ from the one expected.

This report summarizes the implementation progress of the Environmental Management

Plan and Mitigation Program for civil works contracts in Taiz governorate for months
August - September 2007. The report was prepared by Environmental and Safety Officer
(ESO) based on monthly progress reports of consulting companies supervising civil
works, meetings held with consulting firms, contractors, public and field visits to
construction sites.
 Republic of Yemen
Ministry Of Water and Environment
Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project

CHAPTRER ONE

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT FOR CONTRACT

NO: TAZCW-l

AUGUST - SEPTEMBER 2007

2
1.1 Project Description
-Project name: Rehabilitation of Water Network in Eastern Part ofTaiz

-Contract NO: T AZCW #1

-Name of the contractor: Arabian Trading Enterprises

- Name of the consulting firm: Stanley Consultant Inc.

- Location: Eastern Part of Taiz

-Contract description & performance

The project contract covers 4 main components as shown in table 1.1.

- Contract dates
• Commencement date: 25.05.2005
• Contract period: 18 months (547 days)
• Extension time awarded: 313 days
• % of work Executed: 91
For more information about contract 1, please refer to the Monthly Progress Report
(June-July2007).

3
 Table 1.1: Scope of Work and Work Executed

%
I Scope of work Work executed
Complete

1- Establishment of reinforcement ReselVoir #3 is complete with regard

concrete water reselVoir at Tha'abat to concrete work and water tightness
with capacity of 4000m3. . test for one of its 2 cells and the other
IS In process.

2- Establishment of reinforcement The second and final water tightness

concrete water reselVoir at Taiz test for reselVoir # 4 has passed.
Water Supply and Sanitation Local
Corporation yard with capacity of 91

• 6000 m3.

3- Construction of Water Pumping - Painting work in progress

station at the main yard including
-Electrical and mechanical work in
supply and installation of three
progress.
centrifugal pumps and pertinent
• electromechanically equipment -Landscaping in progress .

4- Replacement of deteriorated The contractor IS completing the

network In east part of Taiz installation of all secondary lines,
including supply and installation of risers, pipes and water meters at the
170.000 HDPE, 32.800 PVC and houses. Approximately 150 water
15.857 DI and 14.500 water meters. meters are being installed and most
piping connections have been made
and disconnection points for the AI-
Shamasi area have been made.

I I

4
1.2 Governmental Coordination & Consultation

All construction works on contract #1 are coordinated with governmental sector through
the information and provision of related authorities with drawings for locations and
. .
timings for schedule constructions works. However, closer consultation was done through
the existence of representative of related authorities. Such representatives included
representatives of:

I-Taiz Water Supply and Sanitation Local Corporation

2-General Traffic Management

3-Taiz Local Electricity Authority

4-Taiz Local Communication Authority

1.3 Public Consultation

No large-scale public consultation or awareness campaigns were performed during the

project implementation. However, the PIU performed an adhoc consultation campaign by
talking with residents in construction areas.

1.4 Negative Environmental Impacts

Potential impacts of construction phase on environment -as identified in the EIA study-
are assessed in table 1.2.

5
 Table 1.2: Potential Negative Impacts during Construction Phase

I Issue Impact
Degree of actual
i
Impact

Public Safety Potential injury and death Low

Noise and Construction
. Disturbance
Air Quality (excL dust)
Dust
Nuisance value that may in extreme cases Low
affect health
Nuisance value that may in extreme cases
affect health of general population. Low
Vulnerable groups could have much higher
I health threats.
I
i Traffic on local dirt roads Moderate

Removal and disposal of non usable soil Low

Waste Soil Material
materials
I

I Hydrogeology, Geology and I Negligible

• Negligible
i Topology

i Fauna, Flora and Ecology

• Archaeology/Cultural Negligible
Negligible
Heritage

OtT site works

Project offices Negligible Negligible

Material Stockp'les
I Access Not significant
i

i Pre-Fabrication Yard Resources use, Access, Storage Low

i

• Equipments Maintenance Storage and use of Chemicals, industrial I Low

and Cleaning waste disposal (especially oils). i

Potential scale of operation. Possibility for

Borrow Pits numerous new sites. Access reqUlrements. Moderate

resource needs.
i I

6
I Access and construction Mix of heavy construction traffic and existing Low
traffic traffic will be a potential source of accidents
I
Resource Use
I
i Water Effect on existing resource users Low

Borrow material Reduction in quantum of resources available Low I

Permanent Impacts

Land acquisition None None

Property take None None I

i

I Cultural Properties None None

Flora and Fauna Minor Not significant

Malaria Threat to public health Not significant

i Dried Sludge Disposal of large volume of material Not applicable

I
Population relocation and None
None
settlement

Productive land loss None None

Employment loss Negligible None

Low
Storage and use of hazardous chemicals.
Flushing and Disinfection
Disposal of wastes and resources use

Existing system Maintenance of supplies during construction, Low

isolation of new systems from old, ensure
connection of all consumers, prevention of
return of illegal connections

Flushing Existing Lines Handing and disposal of flushing chemicals Low

7
1.5 Environmental Mitigation Measures

As identified in the EIA study, the project may cause some negative impact to the
environment. Therefore, some measures were put to mitigate these impacts. Potential
negative impacts, mitigation measures, implementation responsibility and situation are
summarized in table 1.3.

8
 Table 1.3: Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures

,--~~
----

Item Potential Negative Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Implementation

Responsibility Situation
--c~

Sewage from destroyed Contamination from proper Controlled transport to WWTP. Temporary Contractor Not applicable
cesspit and households disposal of sewage disposal measures and waste dilution if
necessary. Cesspit Sampling. ,

Improved living Increase in incidence of A malaria abatement program will be ESO in conjunction No Program was
conditions for malaria designed and implemented under the project with local malaria designed
Anopheles and health officials
f--~ .
Dned wastewater Improper use and lack of ~ Sludge re-use policy study to be performed PIU Not applicable
sludge storage space and financed under the project
I Industrial pollution Contamination of urban Survey of Polluting Industries ESO Not applicable
environment and sewage
system
~-~

Effluent and influent ' Low quality wastewater Regular Sampling will be included in the Independent Not applicable
monitormg at WWTP mitigation measures sampling contractor
----

Soil & Ground Water Contamination soil and
groundwater in construction
areas and downstream of
WWTP
~~~
Proper clothing and worker education. Proper Contractor, Not applicable
disposal if warranted. Soil and groundwater independent sampling
downstream of the WWTP and in the project contractor (lab tests)
area will be monitored to determine if
contamination has occurred

9
~~~

Disturbance during Use of heavy equipment restricted from 7 p.m Contractor, Works restricted to •

construction to 6 a.m. proper noise muffling devises, independent sampling daytime hours. No
traffic routing and monitoring contractor (lab tests) complaints received.
r---~

Dust Disturbance during Use of dust suppression measures such as Contractor, Contractor sprayed
construction wetting, dust covers and speed restriction. independent sampling water on soil in
Monitoring will be carried out. contractor (lab tests) project areas. No
complaints received
r-
Water use: on and off Water contamination. Contractors will be required to bring all water Contractor, Pill, Contractor using own
site Reduced public water level on site in tankers and only be allowed to fill TWSLC water sources. Water
their tankers at approved sites. Water storage use on site is minimal.
provisions must be made.
!-----~~

Hazardous chemicals Improper disposal of
chemicals used to flush water
lines
. Concentrations limited to WWTP's technical
~~~.--
Supply of proper training and safety gear. Contractor Contractor supplying
Spill contingency plan training to workers.
Contractor disposing
chemicals at approved
sites
TWSLC, WWTP Concentration limited
capacity to treat Staff, Independent to WWTP's technical
sampling contractor capacity to treat
(lab tests)

10
-Medical Clinic Construction site related A temporary clinic will be established in ;0 Unn "'''''''''''' "f)'
mJunes project areas that do not have easy access to
local facility
Public Consultation Unnecessary disruption of An extensive public consultation program will PIU Interviews with
affected communities continue to be undertaken, including the use residents in project's
of radio, TV, town meetings, and household area have been
surveys undertaken. No larger
scale interview
performed

I ESO & Infonnation Non-Compliance with An Environmental Safety Officer (£SO) will PIU, TWSLC
ESO is contracted
Campaign Management Plan be hired to monitor mitigation measures and
since Aug.2007
disseminate relevant information
--------

i Environmental Non Compliance with Semi-annual reviews performed to examine ESO, with assistance To be implemented
Reviews Mitigation Plan compliance with mitigation plan, regulatory from WB
requirements, and to identify potential Environmental
environmental problems Specialist as part of
IDA supervision
mission

11
1.6 Main Findings

1- During site visit to the reservoirs # 3&4, it was noticeable that measures for
workers safety were not completely practiced. Although workers applied some
safety measures, other measures were neglected like wearing protective
helmets.

2- Stairs used to reach the roof of reservoir # 3&4 were not provided with side
protective bars. Stairs of reservoir 4 was not safely fixed with enough
supporting stands.

3- Reservoir 4, inside TWSLC, has open chamber that holds outlet pipes of the
reservoir. This chamber is not designed with a water exit which means that the
open chamber will be collecting water in each rain event. This shall create a
potential media for water transmitted diseases and also increase the corrodibility
of pipes inside the chamber.

4- No major areas of non-compliance with the Environmental Management Plan

were identified during the filed visit to contract #1.

5- Contractor's equipment was serviced in private workshop. Other restrictions

were applied to insure a full control over the oil and diesel change for
equipments. Such measures included the prohibition of providing motor-oil,
lubricants or diesel on site or outside the workshop.

1.7 Recommendations

1- It is highly recommended that a generator is used to pump the collected water in

the outlet chamber that holds pIpes coming out of reservoir #3. According to the
consultant, the generator is the most feasible method to get the water out of the
chamber and prevent the potential negative consequences of the water which will
be collected inside the chamber.

12
1.8 Photographs

Outlet Chamber where some unwanted water is already collected

13
 Republic of Yemen
Ministry Of Water and Environment
Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project

CHAPTRER TWO

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT FOR CONTRACT

NO: TAZCW-2

AUGUST - SEPTEMBER 2007

14
 2.1 Project Description
-Project name: Rehabilitation of Water Network in Western Part of Taiz

-Contract NO: TAZCW #2

-Name of the contractor: Kahlan Trading and Contracting Company

- Name of the consulting firm: Stanley Consultant Inc.

- Location: Western Part ofTaiz

-Contract description & performance

The contract scope of work is mainly to replace the deteriorated water network in west
part of Taiz (see table

- Contract dates
• Commencement date: 25.05.2005
• Contract period: 18 months (547 days)
• Extension time awarded: 306 days
• % of work Executed: 89
For more information about contract 2, please refer to the Monthly Progress Report
(June-July2007).
Table 2.1: Scope of Work and Work Executed

Scope of work WOI'k executed % Complete

I

- Replacement of deteriorated All main and secondary lines are completed.

water network in western part
ofTaiz. Supply and installation
of about 289,239 m of pipes
• and 16,000 of water meters.
The contractor is proceeding with the
installation of the risers pipes and water meters.
Approximately 150 water meters are bemg 89
installed daily. A large area in the western part
ofTaiz has been disconnected

15
2.2 Governmental Coordination & Consultation

Coordination between the PIU and governmental sector was mainly achieved through
representatives of main related authorities which are:

I-Taiz Water Supply and Sanitation Local Corporation

2-General Traffic Management

3-Taiz Local Electricity Authority

4-Taiz Local Communication Authority

2.3 Public Consultation

Public consultation is undertaken during the project implementation through an adhoc

conversation with citizens in construction area. However, no large-scale public
consultation was performed.

2.4 Negative Environmental Impacts

Potential impacts of construction phase on environment -as identified in the ElA study-
are assessed in table 2.2.

16
 Table 2.2: Potential Negative Impacts during Construction Phase

Degree of actual
Issue Impact
Impact

Public Safety Potential injury and death Low

I Noise and Construction
Disturbance
Air Quality (excl. dust)
Nuisance value that may in extreme cases Low
affect health
Nuisance value that may In extreme cases
affect health of general population. Low
Vulnerable groups could have much higher
health threats.

Traffic on local dirt roads Moderate

• Dust

Removal and disposal of non usable soil Moderate

Waste Soil Material
materials
Hydrogeology, Geology and Negligible
Negligible
Topology

Fauna, Flora and Ecology Negligible Negligible

Archaeology/Cultural Heritage Negligible Negligible

. OfT site wo.·ks

I
Project offices Negligible Negligible

Material Stockpiles Access Not significant !

Pre-Fabrication Yard Resources use, Access, Storage Low

Equipments Maintenance and I Storage and use of Chemicals, industrial Low

Cleaning waste disposal (especially oils).
Potential scale of operation. Possibility for
Borrow Pits numerous new sites. Access requirements. Moderate

Water resource needs.

17
 Mix of heavy construction traffic and existing i Low
Access and construction traffic
traffic will be a potential source of accidents
Resource Use

Water Low
• Effect on existing resource users

Borrow material Reduction in quantum of resources available Low !

J
i Permanent Impacts

Land acquisition None None

None None
I Property take

None None I

I Cultural Properties

Not significant
I Flora and Fauna Minor
i
•
Malaria Threat to public health Not significant

Dried Sludge Disposal of large volume of material Not applicable

• Population relocation and None

None
settlement

Productive land loss None None

Employment loss Negligible None

Low
Storage and use of hazardous chemicals.
Flushing and Disinfection
Disposal of wastes and resources use

Existing system Maintenance of supplies during construction, Low

isolation of new systems from old, ensure
connection of all consumers, prevention of
return of illegal connections

I Flushing Existing Lines I Handing and disposal of flushing chemicals Low

18
2.5 Environmental Mitigation Measures

As identified in the EIA study, the project may cause some negative impact to the
environment.
. Therefore, some measures were put to mitigate these impacts. Potential
.
negative impacts, mitigation measures, implementation responsibility and situation are
summarized in table 2.3.

19
 Table 2.3: Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures

---

Item Potential Negative Impact Mitigation Measures Implementation Implementation

Responsibility Situation
Sewage from destroyed Contamination from proper Controlled transport to WWTP. Temporary Contractor Not applicable
cesspit and households disposal of sewage disposal measures and waste dilution if necessary.
Cesspit Sampling.
---

Improved living Increase in incidence of A malaria abatement program will be designed ESO conjunction No Program was
conditions for malaria and implemented under the project with local malaria and designed
Anopheles health officials
--- --
Dried wastewater I Improper use and lack of Sludge re-use policy study to be performed and PIU Not applicable
I sludge storage space financed under the project
Industrial pollution Contamination of urban Survey of Polluting Industries ESO Not applicable
environment and sewage
system
--- !---- .
I Effluent and influent Low quahty wastewater Regular Sampling will be included in the Independent sampling Not applicable
monitoring at WWTP mitigation measures contractor
Soil & Ground Water Contamination soil and Proper clothing and worker education. Proper Contractor, Not applicable
groundwater in construction disposal if warranted. Soil and groundwater independent sampling
areas and downstream of downstream of the WWTP and in the project area contractor (lab tests)
WWTP will be monitored to determine if contamination
has occurred
-

20
 Noise Disturbance during Use of heavy equipment restricted from 7 p.m to Contractor, Works restricted
construction 6 a.m. proper noise muffling devises, traffic independent sampling to daytime
routing and monitoring contractor (lab tests) hours. No
complaints
received.
r--~ ~--~~

. Dust Disturbance during Use of dust suppression measures such as Contractor, No complaints
cons truction wetting, dust covers and speed restriction. independent sampling received
Monitoring will be carried out. contractor (lab tests)
Water use: on and off ! Water contamination. i Contractors will be required to bring all water on Contractor, PIU, Contractor usmg
. site Reduced public water level site in tankers and only be allowed to fill their TWSLC own water
tankers at approved sites. Water storage sources. Water
provisions must be made. use on site is
mmimal. I
r--=~:::~ ~----- ~-- ~---~

Hazardous chemicals Improper disposal of Supply of proper training and safety gear. Spill Contractor Contractor
chemicals used to flush water contingency plan supplying
lines training to
workers.
Contractor
disposing
chemicals at

21
 -----

approved sites
,
---

Concentrations limited to WWTP's technical TWSLC, WWTP Staff, Concentration I

capacity to treat Independent sampling limited to

contractor (lab tests) WWTP's
technical
capacity to treat

Medical Clinic Construction site related A temporary clinic will be established in project ESO Unnecessary
injuries areas that do not have easy access to local facility
Public Consultation Unnecessary disruption of An extensive public consultation program will PIU Interviews with
affected communities continue to be undertaken, including the use of residents in
radio, TV, town meetings, and household surveys project's area
have been
undertaken. No
larger scale
interview
performed
ESO & Information Non-Compliance with An Environmental Safety Officer (ESO) will be PIU, TWSLC ESO is
Campaign Management Plan hired to monitor mitigation measures and contracted since
disseminate relevant information Aug.2007
-------

22
En vironmental Non Compliance with Semi-annual reviews performed to examine ESO, with assistance To be
Reviews Mitigation Plan compliance with mitigation plan, regulatory from WB implemented
requirements, and to identify potential Environmental
environmental problems Specialist as part of
IDA supervision
mlSSlon

23
2.6 Main Findings

1. It was noticed that the some of the open trenches were left with remainings of
the excavation works in place without safety sings and tapes. Such trenches
were noticed in main roads which disturb the traffic and form a hazard to
drivers and pedestrians especially during night hours.

2. Noise was limited to working hours and no complains were received from
civilians against the contractor as project works were primarily implemented
during daytime hours.

3. No complaints were filled against dust disturbance.

4. As outlined in the EMP, the public was warned from open trenches through
the use of security tapes and signs. This method proved to be effective in
warning public from open trenches, however, in many cases these tapes and
signs are removed by children or stolen -especially during night hours- due to
the large area of the project which unable working staff from preventing the
removal of these tapes and sings.

5. ESO field visit for contract #2 came during the preliminary handing over of
the project. So it should be mentioned that this report is based mainly on
observations made for the very limited remaining construction sites.

2.7 Recommendations

1. Although incidences of removing warnmg tapes occurred, more attention

should be given to the safety issues by insuring the provision of warning tapes
and sings in the remaining construction sites, especially in construction sites
on the main roads and during nighttimes.

24
2.8 Photographs

Open Trenches where no safety measures applied

25
 Republic of Yemen
Ministry Of Water and Environment
Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project

CHAPTRER THREE

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT FOR CONTRACT

NO: TAZCW-3

AUGUST - SEPTEMBER 2007

26
 3.1 Project Description

-Project name: Rehabilitation of Wastewater Treatment Plant and Extension of Main

Trunk Line in Eastern Taiz

-Contract NO: T AZCW #3

-Name of the contractor: N AI Rehab & IEE

- Name of the consulting firm: Stanley Consultant Inc.

- Location: Taiz city

-Contract description & performance

The project contract covers 6 main components as shown in table 3.1.

- Contract dates
• Commencement date: 25.05.2005
• Contract period: 18 months (547 days)
• Extension time awarded: 316 days
• % of work Executed: 98
For more information about contract 3, please refer to the Monthly Progress Report
(June-J uly2007).

Table 3.1: Scope of work and Work Executed

Scope of work Work executed % Complete

1- Supply and installation of sewer mam Most of the 98

line about 480m of ON 500mm UPVC, concrete works for
and construction of about 57 manholes. the Line 'P' sewage
pumping station is
completed and the
associated Line 'P'
200mm and 250mm
. discharge lines in
Wadi AI-Qadi
i Street are 95%

completed.
I

27
2- Supply and installation of about 2200m 98
UPVC pipe of DN 150mm including of
about 220 on site Manholes for house
connection.

3- Alternative Option: 782m DN 300mm

from Wadi AI-Qadi pressure mam,
pumping station generator and civil work.

4- Rehabilitation of the waste water

treatment ponds in Al Borayhi including
the following:

a. Provisional modification, O&N of

the manholes between ponds

b. Removal of about 190000m3

wastewater above sludge in the
ponds

c. Removal of about 300,000m3 of

settled sludge from the ponds to
the dry beds

d. Transport of about 300,000m3 of

dry sludge from the drying beds
to a stockpile on the site

e. Replacement of worn stockpile

5- Grit Chamber

6- Parshall Flume

28
3.2 Governmental Coordination & Consultation

Coordination with governmental sector was mainly done through the existing
representative of related authorities. These people represent local authorities of:

I-Taiz Water Supply and Sanitation Local Corporation

2-General Traffic Management

3-Taiz Local Electricity Authority

4-Taiz Local Communication Authority

3.3 Public Consultation

Public were mainly consulted during the project implementation by informing them about
the project activities and responding to their opinions and complaint However, no large-
scale public consultation was performed.

3.4 Negative Environmental Impacts

Potential impacts of construction phase on environment -as identified in the EIA study-
are assessed in table 3.2.

29
 Table 3.2: Potential Negative Impacts during Construction Pbase

General Impacts

Issue Impact Degree of actual

Impact I
i

Public Safety Potential injury and death Low

\ Noise and Construction Nuisance value that may in extreme cases Moderate
Disturbance affect health
Air Quality (excL dust Nuisance value that may in extreme cases Low
affect health of general population .
. Vulnerable groups could have much
i higher health threats.

Dust I Traffic on local dirt roads Low

Waste Soil Material Removal and disposal of non usable soil Low
materials
Hydrogeology, Geology and Negligible Negligible
Topology
. Fauna, Flora and Ecology Effect on local flora and ecology Low

. Archaeology/Cultural Heritage Negligible Negligible

i .... -
I Off site works
i

I Project offices Negligible Negligible

i

I Material Stockpiles Access Not significant

I Pre-Fabrication Yard I Resources use, Access, Storage Low

i

I
I
i Equipments Maintenance and Storage and use of Chemicals, industrial Low
I Cleaning waste disposal (especially oils).
I Borrow Pits Potential scale of operation. Possibility for Low
numerous new sites. Access requirements.
Water resource needs.
Access and construction traffic Mix of heavy construction traffic and I Low
existing traffic will be a potential source
of accidents i

30
 I
I Resource Use
i

I Water . Effect on existing resource users Low

Borrow material Reduction in quantUm of resources Not significant

available I
· Permanent Impacts

Land acquisition None None !

Property take None None

Cultural Properties None None

I
Flora and Fauna Minor Low

! Malaria Threat to public health Significant

Dried Sludge Disposal of large volume of material Not applicable

Population relocation and None None

settlement
! Productive land loss None None
I

I Employment loss Negligible None

I

31
 Table 3.2 (Cont.) Impacts Related to Sanitary Projects

Phase/ Issue Impact Degree of actual Impact

I
Construction Impact

Cesspit Removal Threat to public health from Moderate

the opening of the pit
including odour nuisance,
· access to 20 m deep holes,
traffic, etc.

Removal and disposal of the Low

waste materials from the
pits.

I ! Scale of import of fill and Low

i source to fill

Collection, handing and Moderate

· disposal of waste generated
· by households disconnected

l Wastewater Disposal
from theIr dIsposal system.
- - - - I - - - · _ _ · _ · _ _ _ _L _ · _ _ _ _

Fly dumping of cesspit Low

·~

wastes
i

Use of Sludge and Treated Project is unlikely to alter Moderate I

Water at WWTP the composition of wastes !
used by farmers at WWTP
i
i
Soil Contamination Potentially extensive Significant
workforce contact with
I
contaminated materials and
casual public access (esp.
children)

Traffic Dismptions Temporary, partial and full Lo'

closure of sections of Taiz
road network

Local Access Interference with property Moderate

• access, neighbourhood
,
access and access to special

32
 sites, (schools, mosques and !
such like) or other public
buildings.
i

I Operation phase

Use of Existing Sewer Capability of existing lines Significant

lines to receive newly co llected
sewage

Use of Existing Treatment Additional volume will not Moderate

Plant significantly add to
overloading

Social Impacts Migration and Social Low

Organization. Negligible
income and Employment.

Housing and Urban Promote new housing and Significant

Development urban development or area
I redevelopment

3.5 Environmental Mitigation Measures

As identified in the EIA study, the project may cause some negative impact to the

environment. Therefore, some measures were put to mitigate these impacts. Potential
negative impacts, mitigation measures, implementation responsibility and situation are
summarized in table 3.3.

33
 Table 3.3: Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures

-~" --- -~ ---- -- ---

Potential Negative Implementation Implementation

lItem
l
I
Mitigation Measures
Impact Responsibility Situation
, ----
New sewer system
Contamination from Controlled transport to WWTP. Temporary
Sewage from destroyed is operated before
proper disposal of disposal measures and waste dilution if necessary. Contractor
c~sspit and households cesspit wastes
sewage Cesspit Sampling.
became a problem.
I Improved living ESO in conjunction
Increase in incidence of A malaria abatement program will be designed and No Program was
conditions for with local malaria and
malaria implemented under the project designed
Anopheles health officials
Dried wastewater Improper use and lack of Sludge re-use policy study to be perfonned and No re-use policy is
PIU
sludge
~----.----.
st()rage space financed under the project developed yet
Contamination of urban
ESO No implemented
Industrial pollution environment and sewage Survey of Polluting Industries
yet
system
Effluent and influent Regular Sampling will be included in the mitigation Independent sampling
Low quality wastewater Not implemented
monitoring at WWTP measures contractor
I Proper clothing and worker education. Proper Workers trained
Contamination soil and
disposal if warranted. Soil and groundwater Contractor, and clothed
groundwater in
Soil & Ground Water downstream of the WWTP and in the project area independent sampling Properly. No
construction areas and
will be monitored to detennine if contamination has contractor (lab tests) sampling program
downstream ofWWTP
---
occurred implemented
Works restricted
Use of heavy equipment restricted from 7 p.m to 6 Contractor,
Disturbance during to daytime hours.
Noise a.m. proper noise muffling devises, traffic routing independent sampling
construction No complaints
and monitoring contractor (lab tests)
received.
Contractor
Use of dust suppression measures such as wetting, Contractor, sprayed water on
Disturbance during
Dust dust covers and speed restriction. Monitoring will independent sampling project area. No
construction
be carried out. contractor (lab tests) complaints
--
received

34
 -

Contractors will be required to bring all water on Contractor using

Water contamination.
Water use: on and off
Reduced public water
site
level
.~
I
. Improper disposal of
Hazardous chemicals chemicals used to flush
water lines
I capacity to treat
Construction site related
Medical Clinic
inJunes
site in tankers and only be allowed to fill their Contractor, PIU, own water
tankers at approved sites. Water storage provisions TWSLC sources. Water use
must be made . on site is minimal.
Supply of proper training and safety gear. Spill
Contractor Not applicable
contingency plan
TWSLC, WWTP Staff,
Concentrations limited to WWTP's technical
Independent sampling Not applicable
contractor (lab tests)
Unnecessary due
A temporary clinic will be established in project
ESO to the existence of
areas that do not have easy access to local facility I

f---.
public clinics.
Interviews with
residents in
An extensive public consultation program will project's area have
Unnecessary disruption
Public Consultation continue to be undertaken, including the use of PIU been undertaken.
of affected communities
radio, TV, town meetings, and household surveys No larger scale
interview
,.- performed
. An Environmental Safety Officer (ESO) will be
ESO & Information Non·Compliance with ESO is contracted
hired to monitor mitigation measures and PIU, TWSLC
Campaign Management Plan since Aug.2007
~. -
disseminate relevant information
ESO, with assistance
Semi·annual reviews performed to examine fromWB
Environmental Non Compliance with compliance with mitigation plan, regulatory Environmental To be
Reviews Mitigation Plan requirements, and to identify potential Specialist as part of implemented
environmental problems IDA supervision
mission

35
3.6 Main Findings

1~ Sludge removed from treatment ponds is piled inside the WWTP and no plan for
reusing the sludge is developed yet.

2- Illegal pumping of wastewater is tacking place near WWTP for influent as

farmers intentionally damage the sewer pipes and pump untreated wastewater to
their farms for irrigation which pose a risk on public health as some of these
farms produce vegetables.

3- In the construction site of the pump station in Wadi A1 Qadi, some safety
measure like using warning sings and tapes are not applied.

4- According to the local residents, odour is emitted out of manholes and inspection
chambers due to the use of metal covers that are designed with ventilation wholes.

5~ Some concerns are raised about the possibility of erosion of the piled sludge to the
treatment ponds.

6- No study is performed to reveal degree of effect of the WWTP on health of

residents living near the WWTp, example number of malaria cases.

7- Potential risk that is posed on public due to the consumption of vegetables that are
irrigated by untreated wastewater is not known.

36
3.7 Recommendations

1- A malaria expert should be hired -as recommended in the Environmental

Management Plan- to design a malaria abatement program for Taiz. This should
be done in cooperation with National Malaria Control Program. Attention should
be given to area near treatment plant.

2- Measures should be taken to prevent the illegal pumping of untreated wastewater

to farms near WWTP.

3- A study should be performed -as outline in the Environmental Management Plan-

to identify potential users of the piled sludge. Main potential users are Local
Agriculture Office - who may use sludge as fertilizers for public parks- and local
farmers.

4- The TWSSLC is encouraged to regularly analyze effluent leaving the WWTP to

determine the suitability of treated wastewater to be disposed of to wadis near the
WWTP.

5- It is recommended that TWSSLC -in coordination with a research institute- to

perform a study on the degree of hazard to public health that result from using
untreated wastewater in irrigation.

6- There is a need to build the capacity of the environmental unit of TWSSLC, in

order to be able to follow up day by day the environmental concerns of according
to theEMP.

7- It is recommended that a completely solid covers are used for inspection

champers to avoid the emission of unwanted odour. This should be considered
when designing future sewer systems.

37
3.8 Photographs

Remaining Construction sites where safety measures are missing

38
Piles of sludge inside Taiz WWTP

39
 Upper photo: access of animals to the WWTP

Pipe for pumping untreated wastewater used by local farmers

40
 Republic of Yemen
Ministry Of Water and Environment
Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project

CHAPTRER Four

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT FOR CONTRACT

NO: TAZCW-5

AUGUST - SEPTEMBER 2007

41
4.1 Project Description
-Project name: Rehabilitation and Extension of Sewerage System

-Contract NO: TAZCW #5

-Name of the contractor: Kahlan Trading and Contracting Company

- Name of the consulting firm: Stanley Consultant Inc.

- Location: Taiz city

-Contract description & performance

The project contract covers 3 main components as shown in table 4.1. All sewer lines are
ready for handing over. This contract is substantially completed and in many cases the
residents have already connected the system.

- Contract dates
• Commencement date: 25.05.2005
• Contract period: 18 months (547 days)
• Extension time awarded: 77 days
• % of work Executed: 98
For more information about contract 5, please refer to the Monthly Progress Report
(J une-July2007).

42
 Table 4.1: Scope of Work and Work Executed

Scope of work Work executed % Completed

1- Supply and installation of Lines and manholes are

about 22km sewer mam DN ready for hand over.
500-200 mm UPVC pipe
including construction of about
600 manholes.

2- Supply and installation of Lines and inspection

98
about l3 km sewer of DN 150 chambers are ready for
mm UPVC pipe for house hand over
connections with about 1.300
inspection chamber.

3- About 35km of sewer Lines are ready for hand

over

4.2Governmental Coordination & Consultation

Coordination with governmental sector was done through the provision of information
about the project working locations and timing for construction and excavation works to
the related authorities. Coordination was mainly implemented through representative of
related authorities that appointed as permanent coordinators with the project.
Representatives included the local authorities:

1-Taiz Water Supply and Sanitation Local Corporation

2-General Traffic Management

3-Taiz Local Electricity Authority

4-Taiz Local Communication Authority

43
 4.3 Public Consultation

Public were mainly consulted during the project implementation by informing them about
the project activities and responding to their opinions and complai!1t. However, no large-
scale public consultation was performed.

4.4 Negative Environmental Impacts

Potential impacts of construction phase on environment -as identified in the EIA study-
are assessed in table 4.2.

Table 4.2: Potential Negative Impacts during Construction phase

General Impacts

Issue Impact Degree of actual

Impact

Public Safety Potential injury and death Low

N-o-is-e-an-d-C-o-n-s-tr-u-c-t-io-n----r-N-u-l-·s-an-c-e-va-I--u-e-t-h-at-m-a-y--in-e-x-tr-e-m-e-c-a-s-e-s-+---M-o-'d-e-ra-te---1

Disturbance affect health I

Air Quality (excl. dust Nuisance value that may in extreme cases Low
affect health of general population.
Vulnerable groups could have much
higher health threats.
Dust Traffic on local dirt roads Low

Waste Soil Material Removal and disposal of non usable soil Low

l I materials
Hydrogeology, GeOIOgYand-TNegITglbIe----·--·---··-------:-I--Negilg;b-Ie---

: Topology I i
I Fauna, Flora and Ecology Negligible 1 Negligible
J

44
 Archaeology/Cultural Heritage Negligible Negligible
I
Off site works

Project offices Negligible Negligible

• Material Stockpiles Access Not significant

Pre-Fabrication Yard Resources use, Access, Storage Low

Equipments Maintenance and Storage and use of Chemicals, industrial Moderate

i Cleaning waste disposal (especially oils).
Borrow Pits Potential scale of operation. Possibility for Moderate
numerous new sites. Access requirements.
Water resource needs.
Access and construction traffic Mix of heavy construction traffic and Low
existing traffic will be a potential source
of accidents
Resource Use
I
. Water Effect on existing resource users Low I
Borrow material Reduction in quantum of resources Low
available
Permanent Impacts

Land acquisition None None

Property take None

I Cultural Properties None

Flora and Fauna Minor Not significant

I Malaria . Threat to public health Negligible

45
I Dried Sludge Disposal of large volume of material Not applicable I
I

Population relocation and None None

settlement
Productive land loss None None
I

Employment loss Negligible None I

J
Table 4.2 (Cont.) Impacts Related to Sanitary Projects

Phase/ Issue Impact Degree of actual

Impact

Construction Impact
.-~- ..- ~~~

Cesspit Removal Threat to public health from the Moderate

opening of the pit including odor
nuisance, access to 20 m deep holes,
traffic, etc.

Removal and disposal of the waste Low

materials from the pits.

Scale of import of fill and source to Low

fill

Collection, handing and disposal of Low

waste generated by households
disconnected from their disposal
system.

Wastewatel" Disposal Fly dumping of cesspit wastes Low

Use of Sludge and Treated Project is unlikely to alter the Not app It cab Ie]
Water at WWTP i composition of wastes used by I

46
 farmers at WWTP
I
Soil Contamination Potentially extensive workforce Significant
contact with contaminated materials
and casual public access (esp.
children)

Traffic Disruptions Temporary, partial and full closure Low

of sections of Taiz road network

Local Access Interference with property access, Low

neighbourhood access and access to
special sites, (schools, mosques and
such like) or other public buildings.

Operation phase

Use of Existing Sewer Capability of existing lines to receive Significant

lines newly collected sewage

Use of Existing Treatment Additional volume will not Moderate

Plant significantly add to overloading

Social Impacts Migration and Social Organization. Low

Negligible income and Employment.

Housing and Urban Promote new housing and urban Significant

Development development or area redevelopment

4.5 Environmental Mitigation Measures

As identified in the EIA study, the project may cause some negative impact to the
environment. Therefore, some measures were put to mitigate these impacts. Potential
negative impacts, mitigation measures, implementation responsibility and situation are
summarized in table 4.3.

47
 Table 4.3: Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures

---
Potential Negative Impact Implementation Implementation
Item Mitigation Measures
Responsibility Situation
Controlled transport to WWTP. Temporary
Sewage from destroyed Contamination from proper
disposal measures and waste dilution if necessary. Contractor Not applicable
, cesspit and households disposal of sewage
I Cesspit Sampling.
L
Improved living ESO in conjunction
Increase in incidence of A malaria abatement program will be designed No Program was
conditions for with local malaria and
malaria and implemented under the project designed
Anopheles health officials
I

Dried wastewater Improper use and lack of Sludge re-use policy study to be performed and i

PIU Not applicable

sludge storage space financed under the project
I
Contamination of urban
Industrial pollution environment and sewage Survey of Polluting Industries ESO Not identified
system .

Effluent and influent Regular Sampling will be included in the Independent sampling
Low quality wastewater Not applicable
monitoring at WWTP mitigation measures contractor
I
I
Proper clothing and worker education. Proper
Contamination soil and
disposal if warranted. Soil and groundwater Contractor,
groundwater in construction
Soil & Ground Water downstream of the WWTP and in the project area independent sampling Not applicable
areas and downstream of
will be monitored to determine if contamination contractor (lab tests)
WWTP
has occurred
-

48
 Works restricted
Use of heavy equipment restricted from 7 p.m to Contractor, to daytime
Disturbance during
Noise 6 a.m. proper noise muffling devises, traffic independent sampling hours. No
construction
routing and monitoring contractor (lab tests) complaints
received.
I-
I Use of dust suppression measures such as Contractor,
Disturbance during No complaints
wetting, dust covers and speed restriction. independent sampling
lDUst cons tructi on
Monitoring will be carried out. contractor (lab tests)
received

Contractor using
Contractors will be required to bring all water on
own water
I Water use: on and off Water contamination. site in tankers and only be allowed to fill their Contractor, PIU, .
sources. Water
I site Reduced public water level tankers at approved sites. Water storage TWSLC
use on site is
provisions must be made.
I minimal.
1-- - - - ~-- ---~-- .---- -- -
Improper disposal of
Supply of proper training and safety gear. Spill
Hazardous chemicals chemicals used to flush water Contractor Not applicable
contingency plan
lines
TWSLC, WWTP Staff,
Concentrations limited to WWTP's technical
Independent sampling Not applicable
capacity to treat
contractor (lab tests)
I -

~~dical Clinic Construction site related A temporary clinic will be established in project ESO Unnecessary
--

49
~ -

InJunes areas that do not have easy access to local facility

-

Interviews with
residents in
project's area
An extensive public consultation program will
Unnecessary disruption of have been
Public Consultation continue to be undertaken, including the use of PID
affected communities undertaken. No
radio, TV, town meetings, and household surveys
larger scale
interview
performed
-

An Environmental Safety Officer (ESO) will be ESO is

ESO & Information Non-Compliance with
hired to monitor mitigation measures and PIU, TWSLC contracted since
~ampaign Management Plan
disseminate relevant information Aug.2007
ESO, with assistaI!ce
Semi-annual reviews performed to examine from WB
I Environmental Non Compliance with compliance with mitigation plan, regulatory Environmental To be
I R eVIews
. Mitigation Plan requirements, and to identify potential Specialist as part of implemented
environmental problems IDA supervision
mISSIon
-

50
4.6 Main Findings

1. According to the local residents, odour is emitted out of manholes and

inspection chambers due to the use of metal covers th~t are designed with
ventilation wholes.

2. Connecting the new sewer system with the old system in Kelabah area is not
completed yet which resulted in wastewater flooding out to the street at least
in one point.

3. No major areas of non-compliance with the Environmental Management Plan

were identified during the filed visit to contract #5.

4.7 Recommendations

1. More coordination with TWSSLC is required to avoid unnecessary flooding

of wastewater in at least one manhole due to the delay in connecting new
sewer system with the old one.

2. A malaria expert should be hired under the project to design a malaria

abatement program for Taiz as stated in the Environmental Management Plan.
This should be done in cooperation with National Malaria Control Program.
Especial attention should be given to area that the contract couldn't implement
the sewer system due to the hard topography.

3. It is recommended that a completely solid covers are used for inspection

champers to avoid the emission of unwanted odour. This minor impact should
be considered when designing future sewer systems.

51
4.8 Photographs

Upper photo: The Manhole where the old and new sewage network
should be connected
~ "i!;""'. - '.

Parts of the network that was cancelled due to the hard topography
52