Three-Phase Per Unit Calculations

Per-unit quantities
For Three Phase System, the base voltage is specified to be line to line base voltage and the
specified MVA is three phase MVA. Now let us consider a three phase system. Let Base voltage,
kV and Base MVA be specified. Then:
single-phase base voltage = Base voltage (line - line) / 𝟑
single-phase base MVA = Base MVA (3phases ) /3.
Example 1

A three phase 500 MVA, 22 kV generator has winding reactance of 1.065 Ω. Find its per-unit reactance.
Example 1

For 3-phase systems, it is a common practice to describe system operation with:

• Total 3-phase power S = S3Φ
• line voltage V = Vline
• line current I = Iline
• Equivalent impedance/phase Z = Zph
• In magnitude
V = √3ZI; S = √3VI.

Hence if base values are chosen for: total 3-phase power SB

line voltage VB
Then:
Base line current IB = SB/ √3VB
Base impedance ZB = VB/ √3IB = VB2/SB
Per Unit Conversion Procedure-Three Phase

1. Pick one Phase VA base for the entire system, SB

2. Pick a Phase voltage base for each different voltage level, VB

base kVA3
Base current, A 
3  base voltage, kVLL

(base voltage, kVLL / 3)2  1000

Base impedance 
base kVA3 / 3
(base voltage, kVLL )2  1000
Base impedance 
base kVA3

(base voltage, kVLL ) 2

Base impedance 
base MVA3
Example 2

A 300 MVA, 20 kV three-phase generator has a sub transient reactance of 20%. The generator supplies a
number of synchronous motors over 64-km transmission line having transformers at both ends, as shown
in Figure. The motors, all rated 13.2 kV, are represented by just two equivalent motors. Rated inputs to
the motors are 200 MVA and 100 MVA for M1 and M2, respectively. For both motors X” = 20%. The three
phase transformer T1 is rated 350 MVA, 230/20 kV with leakage reactance of 10%. Transformer T2 is
composed of three single-phase transformers each rated 127/13.2 kV, 100 MVA with leakage reactance of
10%. Series reactance of the transmission line is 0.5 Ω/km. Draw the impedance diagram, with all
impedances marked in per-unit. Select the generator rating as base in the generator circuit.
Example 2
Example 2
Example 2
Example 3

For the single-line diagram shown below,

1. Draw the single-line reactance diagram in per unit using : S Base  100MVA and VBase  115 kV

2. What is the voltage at the generator terminal to maintain the voltage as 1.0 pu at the motor bus. The
motors are operating at full load and a lagging 0.9 pf .
Example 3 M1: 10MVA, 13.8kV, 20%

S Base  100 MVA

M2: 5MVA, 13.8kV, 20%
M3: 5MVA, 13.2kV, 17%

Y Y M1
115kV, 16km, 0.5 ohm/km
G VBase  13.8 kV
50MVA
13.2kV
T1 VBase  115 kV T2
M2
50MVA 20MVA
20% 13.8:115kV 115:13.8kV M3
12% 10%

100 13.2 2 2.0

X G  0.2  0.366 pu ( 0.5  16 km ) 100 X M1 
100
0.20  2.0 pu
50 13.8 2 X TL  2
 0.06 pu M
10
115 4.0
100
M XM2  0.20  4.0 pu
5
0.366 0.24 0.060 0.50
+
_
M
100 13.2 2
3.11 XM3  0.17  3.11 pu
100 5 13.8 2
XT1  0.12  0.24 pu 100
50 XT 2  0.10  0.5 pu
20
Example 3
VM  10 pu  13.8 kV VM 2.0
M1: 10MVA,
VG D-Y & Y-D will cancel the phase shift 13.8kV, 20%
4.0 M2: 5MVA,
13.8kV, 20%
M3: 5MVA,
0.366 0.24 0.060 0.50 13.2kV, 17%
+
_ 3.11

Actual values

VG VM
20 MVA  cos( 0.9 )
IM  ]*
3 ( 13.8 kV )0
0.366 0.80
+
_ VM  10 pu  13.8 kVLL
M
I M  836.7395   25.84 A

100 MVA
I base   4183.7A
3 13.8 kV
836.7395
IM    25.84  0.20  25.84 pu
4183.7
 VG  VM  I M X
20 MVA
VG  10  [   cos( 0.9 )] * j0.80  1.0697  j1.44  1.0797.67 pu
100 MVA

VG  1.079 7.67 pu * 13.8  14.896 kVLL