Organic Chemistry

MLS Department, University of Raparin

College of science

EXP: 2
Boiling Point

Lecturer: Ali R.Hamad

2022 - 2023
3/20/2023 1
What is definition of Boiling Point?

▪ The boiling point (BP) of a liquid, is the temperature at which its

vapor pressure is equal to the pressure of the gas above it.

▪ The normal boiling point (NBP) of a liquid, is the temperature at

which its vapor pressure is equal to one atmosphere.

Note/ The temperature of a boiling liquid remains constant, even when

more heat is added.

2
 ▪ Importance of Boiling Point

What is the purpose of b.p. Determination ?

Boiling point is a physical property often used to:

➢ Identification of unknown liquid compound.

➢ Purification of the compound, in the presence of impurities,

the normal boiling point of a substance increases.

3
Factors affecting b.p.

 Pressure

 Molecular weight

 Structure of the molecule & intermolecular interactions

▪ Branching

▪ Polarity

▪ Van derWaals interactions

▪ H-bonding

▪ Impurities

4
What is evaporation?

Evaporation, is the process of changing of a liquid into a vapor

at temperature below its boiling point.

Difference between evaporation and boiling

In evaporation, molecules located near the liquid's surface escape

as vapor. But, in boiling, molecules escape as a vapor bubbles
within the liquid.

5
Procedure:

1. Place a few milliliters of an unknown liquid compound in a small test tube.

2. The capillary tube into the test tube with the closed end upward.
3. Clamp the test tube to a ring stand, and immerse a thermometer in the test tube.
4. Fill a 250 mL beaker 3/4 full with water, and place on a hot plate. Carefully
lower the test tube and thermometer combination into the beaker of water so
that the test tube is immersed half way in the water.
5. Start heating with a hot plate/water slowly. As the liquid approaches its boiling
point, a few bubbles will be observed flowing out of the end of the capillary
tube. When a steady stream of bubbles is observed, Record the temperature as
a boiling point of that liquid.

6
Compare your observed result with the boiling points in the table
bellow, and predict which compound may be?

Compound Boiling point

Ethanol 78 ºc
Acetone 56 ºc
Benzene 80ºc
2-propanol 82ºc
Methanol 64ºc
Aniline 184ºc
Methanoic acid 101ºc
Ethanoic acid 118ºc
Propanoic acid 141ºc
Butanoic acid 164ºc
8
Questions

Q1- What is the purpose of the boiling point?

Q2- What is the importance of b.p.?
Q3- A solution has a higher boiling point than a pure solvent. Why?
Q4- The higher the altitude, the lower the temperature at which water boils.
Explain the reason?
Q5- what is the difference between (BP) and (NBP)?
Q6- What is the difference between evaporation and boiling?