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B Cudmf ehr Kbcf ><t` Bjjdvfrsbry Fmdtdhj

Arfmdts Qpfadbo ]`bjis


Srdttfj Ny7
Ny7 A`brofs Qdfcfo
Qdfcfo
Mfvfohpfm Ny7 A`brofs Qdfcfo D—m odif th t`bji ky wdef, Afodb ^bf, ehr boo `fr
Fmdtfm Ny7 A`brofs Qdfcfo
pbtdfjaf, `fop bjm fjahurbcfkfjt.
f jahurbcfkfjt.

© ><20 S`dtf Shoe Fjtfrtbdjkfjt BN. Boo rdc`ts rfsfrvfm. Ubk-


pdrf7 ]`f Kbsqufrbmf®, Shrom he Mbrijfss®, Qthrytfoodjc Qys-
tfk℮, bjm Qthrytfoofrs Ubuot℮ brf trbmfkbris bjm/hr rfcdstfrfm
trbmfkbris he S`dtf Shoe Fjtfrtbdjkfjt BN. Boo rdc`ts rfsfrvfm.
Ehr bmmdtdhjbo djehrkbtdhj hj S`dtf Shoe bjm t`f Shrom he Mbri-
jfss, pofbsf, vdsdt7 www.w`dtf-who
www.w`dtf-whoe.ahk
e.ahk,, www.whromhembrijfss.a
www.whromhembrijfss.ahk
hk
bjm www.sthrytfoofrsv
www.sthrytfoofrsvbuot.ahk
buot.ahk..
> Kystda Brkhry
Djtrhmuatdhj 6 Kdsafoobjfhus 41
Nhhis bjm Ofbrjdjc 4 Ht`fr Nfdjcs 2<2
Ahkputfrs >2 \rdkbo Fjfrcy 222
Fjcdjffrdjc bjm Kbtfrdbos 11 ]rbjsdt bjm Ahkkujdabtdhj 223
Djehrkbtdhj =2 Sfbphjs 211
Djtfrjbo 61 Sfbrbnofs 260
Odef bjm Jbturf 32 Bppfjmdx7 Hptdhjbo ^uofs 23=
Kfjtbo Kbjdpuobtdhj 01 Djmfx he Shjmfrs 235

Djtrhmuatdhj 1
Djtrhmuatdhj

nfcdjs bt twdaf t`f vbouf he t`f `dc`fst Qp`frf, t`fj


S`bt ds t`ds nhhi8 bmms > ehr fba` phwfr dj fxafss he t`f `dc`fst Qp`frf
rbji, ny 2 ehr fba` phdjt he Brftf bnhvf t`f `dc`fst
B oht he Shjmfrs, obrcf bjm skboo, `bvf nffj arfbtfm
Qp`frf rbji, bjm ny 2 ehr fvfry 6 Rudjtfssfjaf nfyhjm
ehr Kbcf hvfr t`f yfbrs. ]`huc` sabttfrfm barhss kbjy
6 tdkfs t`f Brftf rbtdjc. ]`ds juknfr ds t`fj aut dj
shurafnhhis, t`f Shjmfrs t`bt `bvf bppfbrfm `fop
`boe ehr A`brks bjm Cbmcfts, nfdjc dkpfrkbjfjt
arfbtf t`f btkhsp`frf t`bt kbifs Kbcf7 ]`f Bsafj-
hngfats ny jbturf.
sdhj w`bt dt ds. ]`f ujdquf brrby he Mfvdafs bjm ]bods-
kbjs, Crdkhdrfs bjm A`brks brf bj fssfjtdbo (t`huc`
hetfj ujmfrusfm) bspfat he t`f sfttdjc. @hw th Vsf ]`ds
Qh `frf, t`fy brf boo ahoofatfm dj hjf pobaf ehr t`f
edrst tdkf, sdkdobroy th `hw Fjodc`tfjfm Crdkhdrf
cbt`frfm rhtfs. @hwfvfr, t`f kfa`bjdabo mdeefrfjafs Nhhi
S`dof jht t`f mfedjdtdvf cudmf th Shjmfrs ehr
brf kua` skboofr, bs Shjmfrs rhutdjfoy nrfbi t`f Kbcf7 ]`f Bsafjsdhj ><t` Bjjdvfrsbry Fmdtdhj, t`ds
stbjmbrm ruofs he t`f cbkf bjm boohw strbjcf, djfxpod- nhhi ahoofats >6 yfbrs— whrt` he fxbkpofs. Dt ahjtbdjs
abnof t`djcs th `bppfj. ]`f obrcfst mdeefrfjafs brf dj jh Shjmfr arfbtdhj ruofs (ehr t`hsf, sff Nhhi he Qf-
t`f ahst he vbrdhus Shjmfrs, w`da` brf upmbtfm nbsfm arfts) bjm dj kbjy absfs bnnrfvdbtfs t`f mfsardptdhjs he
hj t`f upmbtfs th t`f kbcdai systfk, bs wfoo bs ehr Shjmfrs ehr aobrdty.
a`bjcfs dj `hw t`fsf ahsts brf aboauobtfm. Khst whjmfrs `bvf nffj ofet obrcfoy t`f sbkf bs dj
Bs b ruof, t`f kft`hm ehr aboauobtdjc t`f ahst he b t`f nhhis dj w`da` t`fy hrdcdjbooy bppfbrfm. ]`f fx-
Shjmfr (t`huc` t`frf brf shkf fxafptdhjs) ds bs eho- afptdhjs th t`ds brf bokhst fxaousdvfoy ]fa`jharbtda
ohws7 edrst, mftfrkdjf t`f `dc`fst Qp`frf rbji rfqudrfm Mfvdafs bjm Djvfjtdhjs. ]`ds ds pbrtdauobroy ahkkhj
ehr bjy phwfr he t`f Shjmfr, t`f juknfr he phwfrs dj t`f a`bptfr hj Ahkputfrs, bs ahkputfr tfa`jhohcy
t`bt t`f Shjmfr `bs, t`f Brftf he t`f Shjmfr bjm t`f `bs bmvbjafm fxtrfkfoy qudaioy dj t`f obst twh mfabmfs,
thtbo bkhujt he Rudjtfssfjaf dj t`f Shjmfr. ]`f ahst abusdjc shkf hngfats th a`bjcf erhk nfdjc bokhst
ujrfbodstdabooy phwfreuo th nfdjc ahkpoftfoy kujmbjf Dj shkf absfs, hjf hr khrf he t`fsf ds hkdttfm.
hngfats he ofss vbouf t`bj t`f kujmbjf afoo p`hjfs Qhkf Shjmfrs abjjht sthrf t`fdr hwj Rudjtfssfjaf
t`bt kbjy pfhpof abrry dj t`fdr phaifts. S`dof shkf hr mh jht `bvf t`fdr hwj Brftf (fdt`fr nfabusf t`fy
`bvf `bm t`fdr fjtdrf purphsf ah-hptfm djth t`f Ahj- abjjht nf usfm ny Qoffpfrs hr nfabusf t`f rhoos th mf-
sfjsus bjm brf ofet dj ehr ahkpoftfjfss, t`hsf t`bt tfrkdjf t`fdr feefatdvfjfss wfrf kbmf bt t`fdr arfb-
ahuom nf twfbifm hr ht`frwdsf fj`bjafm ujtdo t`fy tdhj). ]`hsf wdt`hut Nbaicrhujm Ahsts, `hwfvfr, brf
kbmf sfjsf ehr t`f khmfrj whrom wfrf upmbtfm. jht cfjfrbooy bvbdobnof ehr pura`bsf. ]`fsf brf usubooy
Bs pfr t`f Nhhi he Qfarfts, t`frf brf 3 typfs he ujdquf hr fspfadbooy phwfreuo Shjmfrs t`bt mh jht edt
Shjmfrs7 wfoo djth t`f systfk ehr nuydjc Shjmfrs.
Shjmfrs.
Dj t`ds nhhi, yhu—oo edjm7
• Brtdebats/Djvfjtdhjs ‑ Shjmfrs t`bt mh jht `bvf
Brftf he t`fdr hwj bjm abj nf usfm ny b Kbcf
Kbcf • B phpuobr aobss he Shjmfrs brf Nhhis bjm Ofbrjdjc
• A`brks/Cbmcfts ‑ hjf-usf Shjmfr t`bt `bs b nrdfe w`da` bssdst Kbcfs dj baqudrdjc jfw sidoos bjm bndodtdfs,
bjm shkf abj fvfj trdccfr Bwbifjdjcs.
feefat
• Bkhjc t`f jfwfst thhos dj t`f brsfjbo he khst Kbcfs,
• ]bodskbjs/Mfvdafs ‑ Ahkpofx bjm phwfreuo Shj- Ahkputfrs `bvf nfahkf djmdspfjsbnof thhos.
mfrs t`bt abj nf usfm ny bjyhjf • Fjcdjffrdjc bjm Kbtfrdbos boohw Kbcfs th prbatdaf
• Eftds`fs ‑ bj hngfat ahjtbdjdjc b nhujm spdrdt Fjodc`tfjfm ehrks he A`fkdstry, th arfbtf bjm mfstrhy
• Crdkhdrfs/\rdjadpdb ‑ B nhhi t`bt abj tfba` t`f bjm fvfj th pfrefat bjm dkprhvf t`djcs ebr nfyhjm
w`bt kujmbjf tfa`jhohcy wdoo boohw.
Bwbifjfm/Fjodc`tfjfm
• Kbcfs `bvf kft`hms he cbt`frdjc Djehrkbtdhj t`bt
• \rdkfrs ‑ B nhhi abpbnof he `fopdjc b Qoffpfr brfj—t bvbdobnof th Qoffpfrs. S`ft`fr t`rhuc` t`f brts
Bwbifj. he survfdoobjaf hr mdvdjbtdhj.

\frdbpts/Kftrdafs ‑ Bj hngfat abpbnof he sthrdjc •
Qhkftdkfs b Kbcf wbjts b Shjmfr t`bt abj—t nf tbi-
fj bwby. Djtfrjbo Shjmfrs ahjsdst he aynfrjftda dk-
Rudjtfssfjaf
pobjts, ndhkhmdedabtdhjs, kystdabo tbtthhs, fta.
Fba` Shjmfr `bs t`rff trbdts bsshadbtfm wdt` dt, b • Jbturf, djaoumdjc `fbodjc, `bvf bowbys nffj
Odef bjm Jbturf,
Nbaicrhujm Ahst, dts Brftf bjm dts Rudjtfssfjaf. b kbghr shuraf he Shjmfrs, shkf he t`f homfst Shj-
]`rhuc`hut, t`f tfrks Brftf bjm Rudjtfssfjaf brf mfrs stdoo dj usf, bs wfoo bs t`f jfwfst, brf dj t`ds brfb.
usfm, fvfj w`frf Fjodc`tfjkfjt bjm \rdkbo Fjfrcy • Kfjtbo Kbjdpuobtdhj nrdjcs us shkf he t`f khst tfrrd-
eydjc Shjmfrs dj fxdstfjaf, boohwdjc t`f usfr th botfr
brf khrf baaurbtf th kbdjtbdj ahjsdstfjay. Ehr shkf t`f kfjtbo stbtf he t`f tbrcft.
Eftds`fs, b Cjhsds rbtdjc ds cdvfj djstfbm he Brftf.

5 Kystda Brkhry
• Kbjy Shjmfrs mfey aobssdedabtdhj. ]`fsf ujdquf
Shjmfrs eboo djth t`f Kdsafoobjfhus abtfchry.
• Qhkf Shjmfrs brf ehr arfbtdjc bjm kbjdpuobtdjc Ht`-
Nfdjcs, sua` bs brtdedadbo odef, c`hsts bjm spdrdts.
fr Nfdjcs,
Qhkftdkfs, t`f brtdedadbo odef ds t`f Shjmfr, bs wfoo.
• \rdkbo Fjfrcy abj nf sthrfm dj \frdbpts hr kbjdpuobt-
fm ny ht`fr Shjmfrs.
• ]rbjsdt bjm Ahkkujdabtdhj ahvfrs fvfryt`djc erhk
afoo p`hjfs th spbaf s`dps, bohjc wdt` tfofphrtbtdhj
bjm crhujm trbjsphrt vf`daofs he fvfry shrt.
• Qhkf he t`f khst ebkhus Shjmfrs dj `dsthry brf
Sfbphjs,, hetfj swhrms, t`huc` kbjy he t`f khst
Sfbphjs
efbrfm thmby brf edrfbrks kbmf ny t`f Vjdhj.
• Sfbrbnofs brf b aobss he Shjmfrs t`bt djaoumf brkhr
(djaoumdjc `brm sudts), aoht`djc bjm gfwfory.
• Dj t`f Bppfjmdx7 Hptdhjbo ^uofs brf sfvfrbo sfts he
hptdhjbo ruofs th fxpbjm t`f rhof bjm phwfr he Shj-
mfrs.
• Sf edjds` wdt` bj Djmfx he Shjmfrs w`da` odsts fvfry
Shjmfr dj t`ds nhhi.

Djtrhmuatdhj 3
0 Kystda Brkhry
Nhhis bjm Ofbrjdjc

S`fj dt ahkfs th kystdabo brtdebats, efw t`djcs stbjm rfbo pbrt he kbcdaibo ofbrjdjc. Qhkf Shjmfrs brf usfm
khrf strhjcoy dj t`f ahoofatdvf dkbcdjbtdhj t`bj nhhis th kbif ofbrjdjc erhk nhhis fbsdfr. Bjm he ahursf,
bjm sarhoos. ]`fsf dkpofkfjts trbjsefr t`f brabjf shkf abj gust crbjt djsdc`t mdrfatoy, wdt`hut t`f jffm
ijhwofmcf he hjf Kbcf th bjht`fr, bjm t`f khst phw- ehr b sdjcof wrdttfj whrm.
freuo he t`fk brf fvfj abpbnof he s`bidjc b Qoffpfr ]`ds a`bptfr ds mdvdmfm djth t`rff pbrts7 Crdkhdrfs
djth bj Bwbifjdjc. t`bt abj tfba` kbcdai, \rdkfrs t`bt abj Bwbifj
@hwfvfr, t`fy brf jht t`f hjoy hngfats bsshadbtfm Qoffpfrs bjm Ht`fr ofbrjdjc-nbsfm Shjmfrs.
wdt` ofbrjdjc bjm kbcdai. \`ysdabo trbdjdjc ds b vfry

Crdkhdrfs
Crdkhdrfs ahjtbdj t`f sfarfts he Bwbifjfm Kbcdai Bj hnsaurf tfxt wdt` Biibmdbj, Crffi bjm Obtdj
bjm Fjodc`tfjfm Qadfjaf. ]`fy abj nf usfm th stumy vfrsdhjs. ]`huc` t`f hrdcdjbo ds ohst, dts tdtof trbjsobtfs
sp`frfs, th dkprhvf Brftf/Fjodc`tfjkfjt, bjm th th ‟Ary he t`f Shrom‛, bk doo hkfj rfahcjdzbnof th
ofbrj sidoos bsshadbtfm wdt` t`f ofsshjs t`fy tfba`. khst Kbcf. Dt ahjtbdjs dooustrbtdhjs he mffpoy pfrvfrsf
@hwfvfr, jht fvfryhjf abj ofbrj erhk t`f sbkf Crd- bats, bonfdt hjfs t`bt wdoo pofbsf afrtbdj aobssfs he ht`-
khdrfs. prhafmurf.rbjm.fjodc`t/=<.=>4>.20.>1.a ds frwhromoy nfdjcs. ]`hsf w`h ujmfrstbjm dt cbdj djsdc`t
`brmoy chdjc th nf he kua` usf th b Mrfbkspfbifr, djth t`f suaafssdhjs he pbst whroms bjm t`f fvfjtubo
betfr boo, w`dof jh Dtfrbthr wdoo cbdj bjy sdcjdedabjt ebtf he t`ds hjf.
djsdc`t erhk ]`f Crfbtfr Ify he Qhohkhj. Abj bat bs t`f Odnrbry nbaicrhujm up th ofvfo 6, bjm
Bibb' Ft Juhj ]b abj tfba` t`f Ahskhohcy, Fjdckbs, Ohrf (spdrdts), Kft-
bp`ysdas bjm Haauot Ijhwofmcfs.
Djefrjbodsk7 ]`f \bt` he Qarfbks pbcf 4<
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 = ]`f Boa`fky he Vjdty
Bsafjsdhj pbcf 5>
Brft
Brftf7
f7 5 djahkpoftf, t`f hjoy rfkbdjdjc pdfaf th edjds` dt ds t`f
Ahjtbdjs t`f rhtf @hoy Vjdhj. ]ruf Jbkf he t`f nfdjc t`bt dt sukkhjs.

Srdttfj dj Obtdj sardpt bjm ahvfrfm dj boa`fkdabo ]`f Bsiofpdbj ]rbatbtf


syknhos t`bt eobs` t`rhuc` t`f kdjm he bjyhjf w`h Ehrcfm ny Mrbchj's Edrf pbcf 32
sffs dt fvfj hjaf t`fy `bvf put dt mhwj, t`ds Crdkhdrf
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
abj hjoy nf usfm ny b spfadeda efw7 t`f prhpfr @fdrs he
@fyofo, w`h wrhtf dt. Ehr bjyhjf fosf, b \frafptdhj + ]`ds nhhi ahjtbdjs t`f `frnbo ohrf bjm kbcdai he
Haauot rhoo ds jffmfm, bjm fvfry twh suaafssfs boohw Bsiofpdhs, b crfbt `fbofr bjm purphrtfm shj he Bphooh
t`fk th tbif bmvbjtbcf he hjf ofvfo he t`f Brftf t`bt dt `dksfoe. Dt ds vboufm pbrtdauobroy ny Ufrnfjb bjm @fr-
abj tfba`. Fba` suaafss bosh cdvfs hjf ebat bnhut t`f kftdas ehr dts djsdc`ts dj t`fsf brfbs (bjm he ahursf, t`f
ahjtfjts, ht`fr t`bj @fyofo—s spfadeda djsdc`ts. mdeefrfjt djsdc`ts tbifj bwby ny t`f twh crhups ds b
shuraf he erdatdhj). Dt abj nf usfm th ofbrj Brftf > bjm
• ]`frf ds b nfdjc erhk nfyhjm t`f @hrdzhj `f aboos
Odef 1.
‟t`f @hoy Cubrmdbj Bjcfo‛ hr ‟t`f Mdvdjf Sdoo‛
• ]`ds nfdjc ds nfst kbjbcfm t`rhuc` bj bjadfjt ]`f Nobai Ndnof
vfrsdhj he t`f @frkftda brts, bjm abjjht nf nhujm Djefrjbodsk7 ]`f \bt` he Qarfbks pbcf 4<
ny t`hsf w`h usf brts dt mhfsj—t bpprhvf he
• ]`f Crdkhdrf ahjtbdjs t`f djehrkbtdhj hj `hw th Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
sukkhj dt, nut jht dts ]ruf Jbkf ]`f djvfrtfm chspfos he ]`f Nobai Ndnof brf mfodnfr-
• Qhkf pbrt he t`ds nfdjc abj nf bnshrnfm btfoy nobsp`fkhus bcbdjst A`rdstdbjdty, pus`djc b Ou-
• ]`ds nfdjc ds abpbnof he mdrfatoy beefatdjc Bvbtbrs adefrdbj Qbtbjdsk t`bt chfs ebr nfyhjm khmfrj prhvha-
]`huc` t`f @hoy Vjdhj rhtf ahjtbdjdjc wdt`dj ds btdvf vbrdbjts. Bnof th tfba` sfarft Haauot ijhwofmcf,
djaoumdjc Ahskhohcy, Fjdckbs, Qpdrdt Ohrf bjm Kftb-

2< Kystda Brkhry


p`ysdas, t`ds nhhi ds ny dtsfoe abpbnof he batdjc bs b
Odnrbry nbaicrhujm he 2.

]`f Nobai Nhhi he Kbju


Djefrjbodsk7 ]`f \bt` he Qarfbks pbcf 4<
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
\bssfm erhk Bjcrb Kbjyu th t`f edrst kbcus, t`ds ds
b ahoofatdhj he \frsdbj odtbjdfs mfsardndjc t`f fjdckb he
t`f Bnshoutf phftdabooy.
]`f Nobai Nhhi abj bat bs t`f Odnrbry nbaicrhujm
up th ofvfo 1, bjm abj tfba` t`f Ahskhohcy, Fjdckbs,
Ohrf (spdrdts), Kftbp`ysdas bjm Haauot Ijhwofmcfs.

]`f Nhhi he Q`bmhws he Kbfvf KaIdjjhj


Ehrcfm ny Mrbchj's Edrf pbcf 32
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
Bokhst fxaousdvfoy usfm ny Ufrnfjb, t`f Nhhi he
Q`bmhws ds b pfrshjbo kystdabo ghurjbo. Dt a`rhjdaofs
t`f odef he Kbfvf KaIdjjhj erhk ujBwbifjfm yhujc

cdro
t`rffbooefft
t`f`dc`
wby ny
th Ufrnfjb Kbstfr.
twh efft wdmf bjm]`f nhhi
b euoo edvfds dja`fs
`ucf,
t`dai, wdt` pbcfs he vfoouk bjm b nobai ofbt`fr ahvfr
hvfr nrbss. ]`f ohai hj t`f nhhi rfqudrfs fdt`fr t`f
ify hr b kbcdaibo feefat he bt ofbst rbji =. ]`f rfbmfr
abj ofbrj Brftf 1, Fjtrhpy >, Ehrafs 1 bjm Odef 1, bjm
uphj ahkpoftdhj, cbdjs b mht he Ebdry Ohrf bjm hjf he
Srbdt` Ohrf.

]`f Aohum Mbjaf he Ftfrjbo Udsdhj bjm Ghy


Ehrcfm ny Mrbchj's Edrf pbcf 3>
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
B ibtb (sardptfm sfrdfs he khvfkfjts) stumdfm ny t`f
Bibs`bybjb bjm t`f Su Oujc, t`f Aohum Mbjaf ds
wrdttfj hj rdaf pbpfr bjm ahjsdsts he 2<2 phsturfs.
Fba` phsturf ds baahkpbjdfm ny t`rff `bdiu. ^fbmdjc
dt abj `fop t`f stumfjt ba`dfvf Brftf 1 (wdt` Djtfood-
cfjaf = th ujmfrstbjm dt), nut th ofbrj Ahrrfsphjm-
fjaf 1, t`fy kust bosh `bvf Mfxtfrdty = bjm Mh > th
prbatdaf t`f khvfkfjts.

]`f Ahmfx Odafjtdb


Djefrjbodsk7 ]`f \bt` he Qarfbks pbcf 4<
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
Dj Fjcods`, t`f Nhhi he Odafjsf, dt ds bj fxtfjmfm
Obtdj pbrbnof mfsardndjc t`f \bt` he Qarfbks bjm `hw
th trbvfrsf dt bjm nfahkf bj Djefrjbodst...

Nhhis bjm
bjm Ofbrjdjc 22
Dt abj bat bs b ofvfo 1 Odnrbry, bjm abj tfba` t`f B abtbohcuf he fvdo spdrdts bjm Eboofj Bjcfos ijhwj
Ahskhohcy, Fjdckbs, Ohrf (spdrdts), Kftbp`ysdas bjm th A`rdstdbjdty, dt djaoumfs "odvdjc" dooustrbtdhjs bjm
Haauot Ijhwofmcfs. fvfj rdtubos ehr rbdsdjc bjm ndjmdjc t`f mfvdo.

Ahmfx Kfjmhzb Dt abj bat bs t`f Odnrbry nbaicrhujm up th ofvfo 1,


bjm abj tfba` t`f Ahskhohcy, Fjdckbs, Ohrf (spdrdts),
Mfbm Kbcda pbcf 34
Kftbp`ysdas bjm Haauot Ijhwofmcfs.
]`ds nhhi mftbdos t`f `dsthry he t`f Bztfas erhk t`f
Bztfa phdjt he vdfw. Dt ds wrdttfj dj b systfk mfsafjmfm ]`f Crdkhrduk Ufruk
erhk Kdxtfa pdathcrbks bjm djaoumfs djehrkbtdhj hj Djefrjbodsk7 ]`f \bt` he Qarfbks pbcf 4<
rfodcdhus bjm kbcdaibo prbatdafs, djaoumdjc rhtfs bjm
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
rdtubos. Efw ahpdfs he t`ds nhhi survdvfm t`f Qpbjds`
mfstruatdhj he t`f Bztfa fkpdrf, nut t`frf brf b efw dj ]`f ]ruf Crdkhdrf ds bj baahujt he t`f cfhcrbp`y
adrauobtdhj. bjm phodtdas he @foo, bjm `hw th sukkhj t`f vbrdhus
mfkhjs dt mfsardnfs.
]`f Mdt`yrbkn he t`f Kbfjbm Kfobjdppf Dt bats bs t`f Odnrbry nbaicrhujm up th ofvfo 1, bjm
Ehrcfm ny Mrbchj's Edrf pbcf 3> abj tfba` t`f Ahskhohcy, Fjdckbs, Ohrf (spdrdts), Kft-
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 0 bp`ysdas bjm Haauot Ijhwofmcfs.
B nhhi t`bt ds khstoy he vbouf th Fastbtdas, Ufrnfjb ]`f Ofkfcfthj
bjm Mrfbkspfbifrs, t`huc` bosh th shkf Kbrbumfrs,
Djefrjbodsk7 ]`f \bt` he Qarfbks pbcf 4<
t`f Mdt`yrbkn kbifs jfbr djahkprf`fjsdnof ofbps he
ohcda bjm mffp stumy `bs nffj ijhwj th tfkphrbrdoy Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
mrdvf t`f rfbmfrs kbm, gust bs t`f Kbfjbms he Crffi Bosh aboofm t`f Ofssfr Ify he Qhohkhj (t`huc` efw
kyt`. ]`f nfjfedts, `hwfvfr, brf t`f bndodty th ofbrj sfrdhusoy nfodfvf dt th `bvf nffj wrdttfj ny t`f kbj),
Brftf 1 bjm Odef =. t`f Ofkfcfthj ds b vfry mftbdofm mfsardptdhjs he Bjcfos
bjm Mfkhjs, djaoumdjc rdtfs ehr sukkhjdjc t`fk bjm
]`f Crfbtfr Ify he Qhohkhj w`bt ahrrfsphjmfjafs jffm
jffm th nf ujmfrsthhm.
Djefrjbodsk7 ]`f \bt` he Qarfbks pbcf 4<
]`f Ofkfcfthj bats bs t`f Odnrbry nbaicrhujm up th
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 = ofvfo >-=, bjm abj tfba` t`f Ahskhohcy, Fjdckbs, Ohrf
Hjf he t`f khst ebkhus tfxts hj sukkhjdjc, wbrm- (spdrdts), Kftbp`ysdas bjm Haauot Ijhwofmcfs.
djc bcbdjst bjm ndjmdjc spdrdts. Qupphsfmoy but`hrfm
ny Idjc Qhohkhj t`f Sdsf, dt ds qudtf djahjsdstfjt
]`f Odnfr Obnyrdjt`us
nftwffj fmdtdhjs bjm bokhst afrtbdjoy wbs wrdttfj Djefrjbodsk7 ]`f \bt` he Qarfbks pbcf 4<
khrf rfafjtoy, wdt` t`f fbrodfst ijhwj ahpdfs nfdjc Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
erhk t`f obtf ^fjbdssbjaf, nut khst odifoy wrdttfj dj ]`f Nhhi he t`f Obnyrdjt` ds vdfwfm wdmfoy bs hn-
t`f fbroy ^fjbdssbjaf pfrdhm.
safjf, bjm ahjtbdjs `ucf bkhujts he djehrkbtdhj hj
]`f Crfbtfr Ify he Qhohkhj abj bat bs t`f Odnrbry t`f Syrk bjm dts sfrvbjts, djaoumdjc (nut jht odkdtfm
nbaicrhujm up th ofvfo >-= (t`frf brf sfvfrbo vfrsdhjs th) t`f jbkfs, ahrrfsphjmfjafs bjm rdtfs he t`f Vrcf-
dj adrauobtdhj), bjm abj tfba` t`f Ahskhohcy, Fjdc- spdrdts.
kbs, Ohrf (spdrdts), Kftbp`ysdas bjm Haauot Ijhwofmc-
Abj bat bs t`f Odnrbry nbaicrhujm up th ofvfo 6, bjm
fs.
abj tfba` t`f Ahskhohcy, Fjdckbs, Ohrf (spdrdts), Kft-
]`f Crdkhdrf he @hjhrdus bp`ysdas bjm Haauot Ijhwofmcfs.
Djefrjbodsk7 ]`f \bt` he Qarfbks pbcf 4< ]`f Odnfr Qpdrdtuk
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 = Djefrjbodsk7 ]`f \bt` he Qarfbks pbcf 42
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =

2> Kystda Brkhry


Jht truoy b spfadeda nhhi, nut rbt`fr b aobss he t`fk, prhafmurf.rbjm.fjodc`t/=<.=>4>.20.>1.a
b Nhhi he Qpdrt ds arfbtfm ny khst Kbcfs w`h mfbo wdt`
Ehrcfm ny Mrbchj's Edrf pbcf 13
fxtrb-whromoy nfdjcs. ]`f khst ahkkhj hrcbjdzbtdhjbo
sa`fkf ds t`bt fvfry ofet-`bjm pbcf cdvfs t`f jbkf bjm Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
sfbo he b spdrdt, bjm t`f rdc`t-`bjm cdvfs t`f sukkhj- Hjoy Kbcfs wdt` ]fa`jhohcy hr Ahkputfrs he bt
djc rdtubo. B sukkhjfm spdrdt kbris t`f nhhi bjm abj ofbst = abj fvfj `hpf th rfbm t`ds thkf, bjm fvfj
f vfj t`fj,
nf aboofm bcbdj w`fjfvfr t`f rfbmfr wds`fs. dt ds prdkbrdoy he usf th Dtfrbtdhj P bjm t`f Udrtubo
Bmfpts. ]`ds kbjubo nrfbis mhwj ahkpofx prdjadpofs
Abj
bjm abjbat bs t`f
tfba` t`f Odnrbry nbaicrhujm
Ahskhohcy, upOhrf
Fjdckbs, th ofvfo 2-6,
(spdrdts), djth sdkpof bochrdt`ks, djarfbsdjc t`fdr ahkpofxdty bs
Kftbp`ysdas bjm Haauot Ijhwofmcfs. t`f stumfjt prhaffms. Dt abj nf usfm th ofbrj Brftf >,
Fjtrhpy 2 bjm Ehrafs 1.
Odnfr ]fjfnrds Mdstbods
Ehrcfm ny Mrbchj's Edrf pbcf 31 ]`f Qfnfo-fo-Kbehu` S`bs`
Djefrjbodsk7 ]`f \bt` he Qarfbks pbcf 42
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
B Jfp`bjmda crdkhdrf t`bt @frkftdas abj (bt crfbt
rdsi) cofbj shkf djsdc`t erhk, t`ds thkf ahvfrs mffp Arfbtfm ny twh Nbtdjd bs b kbjubo hj `hw th edc`t
mfkhjhohcy bjm ehuo rdtubos. Dt ahjtbdjs ]ruf Jbkfs t`f ehrafs he mbrijfss, ]`f \bt` he t`f Uhrbadhus
ehr kdm-ofvfo Nbjfs bjm mfkhjs, bjm abj nf usfm th Nfbst ds spfadedabooy bnhut `hw th edc`t t`f Jfp`bjmd,
ofbrj Brftf 1 bjm Qpdrdt 1. @hwfvfr, ofbrjdjc erhk t`ds nut kua` he dt abj nf trbjsobtfm th mfkhj-auots. Dt ds
thkf puts b jhj-Jfp`bjmus bt rdsi7 bjy tdkf t`fy sbdm th `bvf djspdrfm t`f Kboofus Kbofedabruk, bjm
pfrehrk kbcdai usdjc Qpdrdt, b nhta` wdoo abusf t`fdr wbs trbjsobtfm djth Obtdj (bjm A`rdstdbjdzfm) bs t`f
Bvbtbr th djvfrt bjm t`fy nfahkf Sdmmfrsobdjtf.
Sdmmfrsobdjtf. Kboofus Jfebjmhruk. Dt fkp`bsdzfs t`f `dfrbra`dfs he
t`f Jfp`bjmd bjm t`fdr boodfs, bohjc wdt` tfa`jdqufs

Nhhis bjm
bjm Ofbrjdjc 21
ehr rhhtdjc t`fk hut.
Dt abj bat bs t`f Odnrbry nbaicrhujm up th ofvfo =,
bjm abj tfba` t`f Ahskhohcy, Fjdckbs, Ohrf (spdrdts),
Kftbp`ysdas bjm Haauot Ijhwofmcfs.

]`f Qfahjm Ify he Bnobkfra`


Djefrjbodsk7 ]`f \bt` he Qarfbks pbcf 42

Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
B Nbnyohjdbj bstrhohcdabo tfxt, dt stumdfs t`f mdstbjt
stbr-mfkhjs bjm `hw t`fy djeoufjaf mbdoy odef hj
Fbrt`.
]`f Qfahjm Ify he Bnobkfra` bats bs t`f Odnrbry
nbaicrhujm up th ofvfo =, bjm abj tfba` t`f Ahskhoh-
cy, Fjdckbs, Ohrf (spdrdts), Kftbp`ysdas bjm Haauot
Ijhwofmcfs.

]`f Qdx Qfbos he Cbjzdr


Djefrjbodsk7 ]`f \bt` he Qarfbks pbcf 42
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =

B nhhi bnhut sdx phwfreuo mfkhjs bohjc wdt` rdtfs


ehr sukkhjdjc, ndjmdjc bjm nbjds`djc t`fk. Dt abj nf
ehujm dj Obtdj bjm Brbnda, t`huc` dt ds hrdcdjbooy dj
Nbnyohjdbj.
Dt abj bat bs t`f Odnrbry nbaicrhujm up th ofvfo =,
bjm abj tfba` t`f Ahskhohcy, Fjdckbs, Ohrf (spdrdts),
Kftbp`ysdas bjm Haauot Ijhwofmcfs.

]`f Vrbjdbj \ofbsurf Kbjubo


Ehrcfm ny Mrbchj's Edrf pbcf 3=
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 2<
Srdttfj ny bj Ft`frdtf, Mr. Ibro @fdjrdai Vorda`s,

nut he vbouf th @hoohw Hjfs bjm Auotdsts bs wfoo, dt ds b


trfbtdsf hj sfxubodty bjm kystdadsk, wdt` dooustrbtdhjs,
ehr kbjy ahkndjbtdhjs he cfjmfrs. ]`rhuc` t`f kftb-
p`hr he sfx ehr kbcdai, dt abj tfba` Brftf =, Ehrafs =,
Odef > bjm Kbttfr 6.

\rdkfrs
Fxtrfkfoy rbrf, \rdkfrs brf t`f khst phwfreuo Crd-
khdrfs dj fxdstfjaf. S`dof khrf ahkkhj Crdkhdrfs
abj `fop fxpfrdfjafm Kbcfs th nfahkf khrf phwfreuo,
rbdsdjc t`fdr Brftf bjm Qp`frfs, b \rdkfr abj `fop b
Qoffpfr kbif t`f `brmfst ofbp bjm Bwbifj.

2= Kystda Brkhry
Hrbaof7 ]`f Fssfjaf B wbrjdjc, w`fj ahkndjfm wdt` Nobai Mhc Cbkf
Ebathry prhmuats (sff Sfrfwhoe7 ]`f Bphaboypsf ehr
Nhhi he Qfarfts pbcf 251
mftbdos) brf khrf odifoy th Bwbifj twdstfm djth
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 0 Jfp`bjmd.
^ukhrfm th nf wrdttfj ny \hrt`hs Edtz-Fkprfss, odif-
]`f Qpdrdt A`bjt he Vphphtbi
oy t`f obst t`djc `f wrhtf nfehrf `f mdfm, Hrbaof ds bj
fshtfrda rhof-pobydjc cbkf. Sfdc`djc dj bt bnhut 3<< Ehrcfm ny Mrbchj's Edrf pbcf 3=
pbcfs he ahkpofx ruofs bjm ndzbrrf ahjafpts, vfry efw Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 >
pfhpof abj ujmfrstbjm dt wfoo fjhuc` th poby dt. ]`hsf ]`ds a`bjt he t`f Ahbst Qbods` trdnf ds jht gust bj
w`h whri t`rhuc` dt bjm ujmfrstbjm dt edjm t`fk- dkphrtbjt auoturbo rdtubo, nut bosh b \rdkfr, abpbnof he
sfovfs khvdjc t`rhuc` b pbrbnof he b @frkftda Bwbi- cudmdjc t`fdr yhujc pfhpof th t`fdr edrst djtfrbatdhj
fjdjc, bjm t`hsf w`h truoy ujmfrstbjm dt, fjbat t`f wdt` t`f spdrdt whrom, t`rhuc` bj Bwbifjdjc bjm th
rdtubos djsdmf he dt, bjm whris `brm `bvf b nfttfr t`bj ujmfrstbjmdjc Qpdrdt 2. Bs b vfrnbo Crdkhdrf, dt kust
jhrkbo a`bjaf th Bwbifj, pbrtdauobroy bs b @frkftda. nf kfkhrdzfm bjm pfrehrkfm prfadsfoy.

Ht`fr
Nhhis brf jht t`f hjoy thho ehr ofbrjdjc. Kbcfs `bvf Cobssfs he Qpffm ^fbmdjc
mfvfohpfm jukfrhus ht`fr tfa`jdqufs bjm kft`hms he
Nhhi he Q`bmhws pbcf 26<
sthrdjc bjm trbjskdttdjc t`fdr ijhwofmcf.
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
Ndrm Qtbee he Hsbjydj
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
Mfbm Kbcda pbcf 12
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5 hr 3
]`fsf cobssfs boohw t`f Kbcf th bnshrn djehrkbtdhj
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 < hr 6 bt t`f pbrbcrbp` ofvfo rbt`fr t`bj bt t`f whrm ofvfo,
B stbee he drhj wdt` b ndrm edcurdjc bt t`f thp, syk- vbstoy djarfbsdjc rfbmdjc spffm. ]`f ofjct` bjm ahk-
nhodzdjc t`f Thrunb ofcfjm t`bt Hsbjydj—s prdfsts— spdr- pofxdty he t`f nhhi mftfrkdjf t`f mdeedauoty th usf t`ds
dts nfahkf ndrms w`fj t`fy mdf. ]`f `homfr cbdjs t`rff feefat bjm `hw ohjc dt wdoo tbif th rfbm t`f nhhi.
rbjis he t`f Mrfbk nbaicrhujm, bjm ehr t`f `dc`fr
ahst, t`f stbee wdoo bat bs b skboo pfrdbpt. @bjm he Cohry
Nhhi he Q`bmhws pbcf 26<
Efjadjc Qqubrf
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 4
Kbcf7 ]`f Qhrafrfr—s Arusbmf pbcf >06
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 = Brftf7
Brftf7 6
Rudjtfssfjaf7 >6
Qupphsfmoy djvfjtfm ny t`f B`o-d-Nbtdj, nut jhw
phpuobr dj Furhpf, t`f Efjadjc Qqubrf ds b spfadbo Hjf he t`f khst ebkhus ]bodskbjs th ahkf hut he
mdbcrbk ahjsdstdjc he b adraof he squbrf hj t`f eohhr t`f Mbri Bcfs, dt ahjsdsts he t`f kukkdedfm `bjm he b
wdt` sfvfrbo kbris. ]`f ohabtdhjs he t`fsf kbris brf `bjcfm kbj shbifm dj t`f ebt he b kurmfrfm kbj bjm
mftfrkdjfm ny t`f fxbat prhphrtdhjs he t`f usfr. vbrdhus `frns. S`fj t`f p`rbsf "@bjm he Cohry, @bjm
]rbdjdjc dj efjadjc djsdmf t`ds Qqubrf cdvfs t`f usfr b he Cohry! Oft t`hsf w`h brf bsoffp, nf bsoffp. Oft t`hsf
kua` edjfr ujmfrstbjmdjc he `hw t`fy haaupy bjm usf w`h brf bwbif, nf bwbif." dt nfahkfs b edvf-edjcfrfm
spbaf. ]`ds boohws t`fk th stumy t`f Ahjjfa- abjmfobnrb. Eurt`frkhrf, dt `dc`odc`ts t`f khst dk-
tdhj/Ahrrfsphjmfjaf sp`frf bs t`huc` t`fy `bm ba- phrtbjt pbrts he kbcdaibo whri nfdjc stumdfm, iffps
afss th b edvf-phdjt odnrbry, bs wfoo bs Brftf >. t`f usf erhk eboodjc bsoffp, bjm prfvfjts ht`frs erhk
wbidjc up. Dt bosh wdoo pbrboyzf wdt` ebsadjbtdhj bjyhjf
w`h ohhis bt dt ht`fr t`bj t`f usfr, ujtdo dt ds mfba-
tdvbtfm hr t`f vdfw ds hnsaurfm. Qupfrjbturbo nfdjcs

Nhhis bjm
bjm Ofbrjdjc 26
kby spfjm Sdoophwfr th nrfbi erff, nut Qoffpfrs `bvf Bjy fxfradsf sfqufjaf stbrts wdt` bj Brftf rhoo th sft
jh mfefjsf. ]`f eobkfs he t`ds ]bodskbj abj nf fxtdj- t`f crbvdty bjm th put dt djth khtdhj. ]`f A`bknfr
cuds`fm hjoy ny kdoi. wdoo ahjtdjuf bs ohjc bs t`f haaupbjt mhfs, mrbwdjc
Rudjtfssfjaf erhk t`f usfr bjm, de t`fy pbss t`f phdjt
Ofjc A`bh's A`bknfr he Tdj-Tbjc he fx`bustdhj t`fy abj rhoo Sdoophwfr (mdeedauoty 0),
]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf 06 bjm t`f Rudjtfssfjaf wdoo nf efm nbai.

Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 2< ]`ds w`hof prhafss tbifs 2< kdjutfs pfr phdjt he
Brftf7
Brftf7 6 Qtbkdjb, edvf kdjutfs th mrbw hjf phdjt he Rudjtfs-
sfjaf bjm edvf kdjutfs th rfturj dt. De t`f Kbcf mhfs
Rudjtfssfjaf7 >6 jht ahkpoftf t`f w`hof tdkf, t`fdr Rudjtfssfjaf stbys
Mdsbpphdjtfm dj fxfradsf fqudpkfjt bs nht` tydjc dj t`f mfvdaf bjm t`f Kbcf ds fx`bustfm. De t`fy mh
`dk mhwj bjm ebdodjc th a`boofjcf `dk, t`f Bibs`da kbif dt t`rhuc`, t`fj t`fy brf fjfrcdzfm bjm bofrt.
Ofjc A`bh nudot b ujdquf trbdjdjc a`bknfr. Dt ahjsdsts De t`f haaupbjt ds djsdmf nfyhjm t`ds, `hwfvfr, dt nf-
he b sp`frdabo a`bknfr, ehur kftfrs dj mdbkftfr t`bt cdjs th mrbdj Rudjtfssfjaf bt twdaf t`f jhrkbo rbtf,
spdjs hj b pobtehrk.
pobtehrk. Dt bosh ahjtbdjs
ahjtbdjs b systfk he bjtd-
bjtd- t`f Sdoophwfr rhoo djarfbsfs th mdeedauoty 4 bt t`f fjm
crbvdty edfoms th cdvf t`f usfr ahjtrho hvfr t`f strfjct` he t`ds p`bsf, bjm fba` tdkf t`bt t`fy ahjtdjuf bt t`f
he crbvdty wdt`dj t`f a`bknfr. ]`f ohw-crbvdty boohwfm fjm he b p`bsf, t`f mrbdj spffm mhunofs bcbdj bjm t`f
`dk th ehaus hj Mfxtfrdty bjm nbobjaf, t`f `dc`-crbvdty Sdoophwfr mdeedauoty djarfbsfs ny hjf.
hjf.
bmmfm rfsdstbjaf, ehradjc `ds kusaofs th whri `brmfr
t`bj t`fy fvfr whuom dj jhrkbo crbvdty.

25 Kystda Brkhry
]`f Kbcf wdoo survdvf t`ds ehr hjf sfqufjaf pfr Brft
Brftf7
f7 =
phdjt he Qtbkdjb. De t`fy ch nfyhjm t`ds, t`fy wdoo mdf,
Rudjtfssfjaf7 ><
ofbvdjc t`fdr Rudjtfssfjaf edoodjc t`f A`bknfr.
Jdaijbkfm t`f Kbcda 0-Nboo, dt ds b supfrebst mbtb-
]`f Ofjs he Wbmidfo strfbkdjc prhcrbk t`bt boohws b Kbcf th bnshrn dj-
Mrbchj—s Edrf pbcf 10
Ehrcfm ny Mrbchj—s ehrkbtdhj ebr ebstfr t`bj t`fy jhrkbooy whuom nf bnof
th. B suaafsseuo Brftf rhoo wdoo pus` t`f tfxt djth t`f
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
rfbmfr—s sunahjsadhus.
Cjhsds7 3
]`f ^fahrmfr's @fbvfjoy Qarhoo
Wbmidfo ds bj bjcfo he ijhwofmcf bjm ujmfrstbjmdjc,
sh bjyhjf w`h ohhis t`rhuc` t`f sdx-dja` arystbo ofjs Mrbchjs he t`f Fbst pbcf 21=
t`bt dt ds nhujm djth (wdt` Fjha`dbj wrdttfj brhujm Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
t`f adraukefrfjaf) wdoo sff fvfryt`djc trbjsobtfm ehr B sarhoo wrdttfj ny b kyt`dabo edcurf, ]`f ^fahrmfr
t`fk, erhk objcubcfs th `dc`-ofvfo fjaryptdhj bjm he ]`djcs Qtrbjcf, w`h bppfbrs pfrdhmdabooy t`rhuc`
fvfj wfrfwhoe coyp`s bjm ht`fr strbjcf sdcjs. ]`f ofjs A`djfsf `dsthry nut ofbvfs vfry odttof trbaf. Dts `bjmofs
abj bosh sff t`rhuc` doousdhjs he boo shrts. De nfdjc usfm brf kbmf he whhm bjm nrbss, bjm t`f pbpfr dt ds kbmf
bcbdjst bj batdvf phwfr, b Cjhsds rhoo ds jfafssbry he ds eodksy bjm bjadfjt, nut bokhst dkphssdnof th mbk-
bcbdjst dt. bcf bjm sfoe-rfpbdrdjc. ]`f sarhoo, w`fj hpfjfm, wdoo
\MJB ahjtbdj w`btfvfr sthry t`f rfbmfr khst wbjts th rfbm,
fvfj de dt `bs jfvfr nffj wrdttfj, hr kfrfoy `bsj —t nffj
Cudmf th t`f ]fa`jharbay pbcf >>>
wrdttfj yft. ]`ds ds rfstrdatfm th edatdhj, nut ht`frwdsf
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 4 bjyt`djc abj bppfbr, bjm dt abj nf cudmfm ny t`f mf-
Brft
Brftf7
f7 6 sdrfs he t`f rfbmfr.

Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 >6 Qoffptfba`fr
\fmbchcdabo MJB ds MJB dkprdjtfm wdt` t`f dj- ]fa`jharbay7 Jfw Shrom Hrmfr pbcf 65
ehrkbtdhj mfsdrfm, fjahmfm dj t`f nbsf pbdrs, bjm Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 0
w`fj djsfrtfm djth b ]fa`jharbt abj tfba` t`fk bjy-
t`djc t`bt ds jht he bj haauot jbturf (bttfkptdjc t`ds Brft
Brftf7
f7 6
usubooy ofbms th kbmjfss). Khst hetfj, dt ds usfm ehr Rudjtfssfjaf7 >6
objcubcf bjm austhk baqudsdtdhj nfehrf chdjc djth t`f ]`f Qoffptfba`fr boohws t`f usfr th ofbrj qudaioy dj
edfom. Betfr bj `hur he prfpbrbtdhj, t`f \MJB ds dj- t`fdr soffp, cdvdjc t`f doousdhjs he spfjmdjc khrf tdkf
gfatfm djth t`f Bcfjt w`h t`fj pdais up t`f stumydjc t`bj ds spfjt. ]`ds abj nf usfm th ofbrj khrf
ijhwofmcf hvfr sfvfrbo `hurs bjm rftbdjs dt ehr rhuc`oy qudaioy bjm th stumy khrf feedadfjtoy.
b wffi.
]`f Qhrafrfr's Bpprfjtdaf
]`f \dbafjzb Odvfr
]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf 0=
Mfbm Kbcda > pbcf 2=5
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 0
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 >
Rudjtfssfjaf7 ><
B nrhjzf s`ffp—s odvfr t`bt wbs arfbtfm th tfba` `b-
ruspfxy ny t`f bjadfjt Ftrusabjs. Ehr bjyhjf w`h Bosh aboofm ‟]`f Kfjthr‛ hr, ofss rfspfateuooy, ‟]`f
spfbis Ftrusabj, usdjc t`f Odvfr bs b cudmf mfarfbsfs Qpfbi-j-Qpfoo,‛ t`f Qhrafrfr—s Bpprfjtdaf wbs mfvfo-
t`f mdeedauoty he `bruspfxy ny >. hpfm ny @husf ]`dc bjm boohws fvfj djfxpfrdfjafm
@frkftdas th usf ahkpofx rdtubos bjm mfsdcjs ny prh-
^bpdm ]fxt Qtrfbk Mbtb ^fbmfr gfatdjc t`fk mdrfatoy djth t`f usfr—s kdjm. ]`f jbkf
]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf 23 ‟]`f Qhrafrfr—s Bpprfjtdaf‛ stuai bs b edttdjc wbrjdjc
th @frkftdas t`bt hvfrrfodbjaf hj dt ahuom nrdjc trhu-
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 3

Nhhis bjm
bjm Ofbrjdjc 23
nof7 ijhwdjc w`bt th mh kby jht cdvf crfbt djsdc`t djth • Hj b ebdourf, shkft`djc `bs nffj ofbrjfm nut dt ds
w`y bjm w`fj th mh dt. jht rdc`t. S`bt `bs chjf wrhjc ds up th t`f Qthry-
Muf th t`fsf mbjcfrs, dt ds usubooy usfm jhw bs b tfoofr, bjm dt kdc`t nf t`bt t`f rhtf gust mhfsj—t
tfba`djc thho, th boohw bpprfjtdafs t`f bndodty th prba- whri, nut dt kdc`t bosh nf suaafsseuo sukkhjdjc
tdaf wdt` ahkpofx rdtubos khrf qudaioy t`bj t`fy ht`- bjm jh ijhwofmcf he `hw th `bjmof t`f spdrdt hjaf
frwdsf whuom nf bnof th. ]`f ndccfst mhwjsdmf ds t`bt dt brrdvfs.
t`ds arfbtfs t`f ijhwofmcf he `hw th mh b rdtubo, bjm de • Hj b nhta`, t`f @frkftda ds ahjedmfjt t`bt t`fy
`bvf fvfryt`djc rdc`t, bjm fvfj suaaffm bt b suk-
t`bt nfahkfs
t`f mfvdaf ahrruptfm
bcbdj, t`f hjoy
pbrtdauobroy wbyusfr
bs t`f th edx dt ds th`bvf
mhfsj—t usf khjs. ]`huc` w`bt s`hws up ds bjht`fr kbttfr,
t`f ijhwofmcf th shovf t`f prhnofk t`fksfovfs. bjm dt wdoo jht nf erdfjmoy, `bppy, hr nhujm ny prh-
thaho w`fj fjahujtfrdjc t`f @frkftda.
S`fj usfm, t`f Qthrytfoofr kbifs b sfarft rhoo he t`f
a`brbatfr—s Djtfoodcfjaf + Haauot (mdeedauoty 0). ]`frf ]h usf t`f Qhrafrfr—s Bpprfjtdaf rfqudrfs t`bt fdt`fr
brf t`rff phssdnof hutahkfs7 t`f usfr hr bj booy rhoo Djtfoodcfjaf + Haauot (mdeedauoty
3) bjm Sdts + @baidjc (de jht b kfknfr he @husf
• Hj b suaafss, t`f @frkftda cbdjs baafss th t`f @hoy ]`dc/Ufrmdtdus). ]`fy t`fj eboo djth b ahkb ehr =0
\fjtbaofs rhtf fvfj wdt`hut t`f bpprhprdbtf Qpdrdt `hurs, betfr w`da` t`f djehrkbtdhj `bs nffj trbjskdt-
hr Brftf rbtdjc. Ehr fba` suaafss hj t`f rhoo, t`fy tfm. ]h frbsf b nbm fxpfrdfjaf rfqudrfs t`bt dt boo nf
cbdj b mht he Qpdrdt Ohrf. ]`fsf brf pfrkbjfjt, nut mhjf bcbdj. De t`f Kbcf ebdos th ofbrj betfr ehur trdfs,
t`f mhts brf hjoy bppodfm dj djtudtdvf sdtubtdhjs, t`f t`fy ohsf twh pfrkbjfjt phdjts he Haauot, bs t`fy abj
Kbcf ahkfs barhss bs dcjhrbjt bjm djbrtdauobtf dj jh ohjcfr tfoo chhm djehrkbtdhj erhk nbm.
ofbrjfm mdsaussdhjs.

20 Kystda Brkhry
Shhmnohai he Buspdadhus Ehrkuobf bjm fdc`t buspdadhus syknhos. ]h usf dt, `fkp pbpfr
abj nf obdm hj t`f nohai hjf b khjt`. ]`f nohai
Kbcf7 ]`f Bsafjsdhj (>jm Fmdtdhj) pbcf >05
prdjts dj nobai dji hj t`f pbpfr, ahjsukdjc b phdjt he
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5 Rudjtfssfjaf. Ehr t`f jfxt khjt`, b Mdsadpof he Kdjm
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1 kby rfadtf t`f tfxt bjm kfmdtbtf hj t`f syknhos hj t`f
pbpfr. S`fj mhjf, t`f pbpfr vbjds`fs dj `brkofss
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26 w`dtf eobkf, bjm t`f Kbcf cbdjs b tfkphrbry rbji he
B @dkbobybj Afmbr whhm nohai, twh efft th fba` t`f Kdjm Qp`frf obstdjc ehr t`f sbkf bkhujt he tdkf
sdmf bjm abrvfm wdt` b squbrf kbjmbob. Hj dt ds b spfjt kfmdtbtdjc.
wdjm`hrsf surrhujmfm ny twfovf odjfs he ]dnftbj tfxt

Nhhis bjm
bjm Ofbrjdjc 24
>< Kystda Brkhry
Ahkputfrs

]`huc` b yhujc fjhuc` tfa`jhohcy th jht `bvf aho- thhos, bjm whuom `bvf usfs ehr fj`bjafm ahkputfrs,
ofatfm vfry kbjy phpuobr kbcdaibo ofcfjms, Ahkputfrs pfrdp`frbos bjm, he ahursf, Mdcdtbo Sfn `brmwbrf.
brf b ahrf ahkphjfjt he kbjy kbcdaibo prbatdafs. ]`f ]`ds a`bptfr ahjsdsts he t`rff pbrts7 Shjmfrs t`bt
Udrtubo Bmfpts, Jfw Shrom Hrmfr bjm Dtfrbtdhj P brf djtfrbat wdt` t`f Mdcdtbo Sfn, ahkputfr @brmwbrf,
t`f khst hnvdhus usfrs, nut @frkftdas he @husf bjm Qkbrt Abrms t`bt abj ebif dmfjtdedabtdhj bjm ht`-
]`dc/Ufrmdtdus, ]fa`jh-Q`bkbjs bkhjc t`f fr t`djcs.
Mrfbkspfbifrs, bjm kbjy khmfrj kfknfrs he ht`fr
]rbmdtdhjs bosh kbif sdcjdedabjt usf he ahkputfrs bs

Mdcdtbo Sfn
Khst tfa`jhohcdabooy djaodjfm Kbcfs fjm up hj t`f ]`ds mfvdaf cfts `brmwdrfm djth b obpthp. S`fj bj
Mdcdtbo Sfn fvfjtubooy. Hjaf t`frf, t`fy edjm t`bt t`fy bcfjt hpfrbtfs dt, phstdjc usdjc dt th shadbo kfmdb bjm
hetfj jffm `dc`oy spfadbodzfm thhos th survdvf bjm th spfjmdjc twh phdjts he Rudjtfssfjaf, t`fy abj sprfbm
baahkpods` t`fdr chbos. Jhw, bs Qoffpfrs khvf dj bjm pobusdnof fxpobjbtdhjs bjm php-sadfjtdeda rbtdhjbof ehr
ht`fr fxtfjsdhjs he ^fbodty brf ofss `hspdtbnof t`bj t`f dkphssdnof t`djcs `bppfjdjc brhujm t`fk. ]`ds
t`fy wfrf dj t`f 4<s, khrf bjm khrf fqudpkfjt spf- jfcbtfs hjf phdjt he \brbmhx dj t`f aurrfjt safjf. He
adbodzfm ehr t`f Mdcdtbo Sfn ds ahkdjc djth adrauobtdhj. ahursf, de t`f wdtjfssfs sff t`f sbkf feefat obtfr wdt`-
hut t`f A`bttfr Nhkn hpfrbtdjc, \brbmhx ds mhunofm,
A`bttfr Nhkn bjm t`f A`bttfr Nhkn dtsfoe ds vuocbr dj brfbs jht usfm
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 Jfw Shrom Hrmfr pbcf 0= th shadbo kfmdb.

Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 2< A`drp Jhmf


Brft
Brftf7
f7 6 Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 Jfw Shrom Hrmfr pbcf 0>

Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 >6 Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 0
Rudjtfssfjaf7 ><
B skboo wdrfofss mfvdaf abpbnof he sabjjdjc boo shrts
he shadbo kfmdb jftwhris, edotfrdjc mhwj th b spfadeda
thpda, bjm botfr t`f kfssbcfs nfdjc sfjt ny afrtbdj tbr-
cfts. Qpfadedabooy, t`ds boohws t`f Bcfjt th bttbai Nbai-
crhujm trbdts tdfm th t`f shadbo jftwhri, sua` bs Djeou-
fjaf. ]`ds ahsts twh Rudjtfssfjaf pfr mht he t`f tbr-
cftfm trbdt. ]`f trbdt mhts wdoo rfturj bt b rbtf he hjf
pfr mby, bs t`f tbrcft rfpbdrs t`f rfputbtdhj mbkbcf.

]`f A`hppfr
]fa`jhkbjafr's ]hynhx pbcf >0
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 2<
Brft
Brftf7
f7 6
Rudjtfssfjaf7 >6
]`f Ahkpbat @ypfrcfhkftrda Hrcbjdzbtdhj bjm \u-
rdedabtdhj \rhafssfr, hr A`hppfr, ohhis odif b obrcf
ifynhbrm wrbppfm brhujm b mbri cobss sp`frf. Ahj-
tbdjdjc kuotdpof he t`f khst phwfreuo A\Vs hj t`f
kbrift, t`fy prhvdmf t`f phwfr bjm rfjmfr t`f mdspoby
hj t`f cohnf. Dt jffms th nf tbifj djth t`f Mdcdtbo Sfn
th whri dts kbcdai, nut dt abj't `fop wdt` t`bt, t`f usfr
jffms th mh dt t`fksfoe (bs dj Udrtubo ]bodskbj ]rbjs-
khcrdedabtdhj). Hjaf dj t`f Mdcdtbo Sfn, bt b ahst he 1
Rudjtfssfjaf pfr turj bjm bj Brftf rhoo bt mdeedauoty 3,
dt abj mfstrhy sfathrs. Fba` suaafss frbsfs 2< kftfrs he
ehrkbttfm spbaf, bjm fvfryhjf dj t`f brfb tbifs hjf
ofvfo he Oft`bo mbkbcf pfr suaafss. ]`ds mbkbcf eho-
ohws t`f ahjjfatdhjs hut he t`f Sfn, bjm `brks t`f
p`ysdabo nhmy he t`hsf w`h brf kfrfoy ahjjfatfm ny
Bstrbo hr Qfjshry kfbjs. ]`ds feefat ds, he ahursf, qudtf
q udtf
vuocbr.
AKB\
Mdcdtbo Sfn >.< pbcf 225
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 6
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
]`f Ahjsadhusjfss Kbppdjc bjm \rhgfatdhj Bppb-
rbtus, AKB\ ehr s`hrt, ds bj fobnhrbtf `fbmsft wdt` b
aynfrjftda gbai th odji mdrfatoy djth t`f nrbdj ds phpuobr
bkhjc Dtfrbthrs w`h spfjm b oht he tdkf dj t`f Mdcdtbo
Sfn. Dt prhvdmfs b kft`hm he Bstrbo Dkkfrsdhj djth
t`f Mdcdtbo Sfn ehr t`hsf w`h wbjt dt, bjm abj nf
Brft
Brftf7
f7 =
>> Kystda Brkhry
usfm ehr Qfjshry Dkkfrsdhj ehr t`hsf w`h mhj—t wbjt Odif Qffifrs, t`fsf brf fj`bjafm shetwbrf hj mdsis
th tbif hj t`f rdsis he Bstrbo Dkkfrsdhj. ]`f qudjtfs- t`bt bppfbr bs b skboo nobai nhx wdt` b rfm nutthj
sfjaf bats bs @fbot` Ofvfos dj t`f Mdcdtbo Sfn, bjm w`fj t`f Kbcf fjtfrs t`f Mdcdtbo Sfn. ]`frf, dt abj
hjaf boo 26 phdjts brf nurjfm bwby, t`f Dtfrbthr ds vuo- nf usfm th trdccfr t`f Djstbjt Heeodjf rhtf.
jfrbnof th `brk.
Jft Cfbr
Mdcdtbo Mrdoo ]fa`jharbay7 Dtfrbtdhj P pbcf 62
Mdcdtbo Sfn pbcf 2<<
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 2< Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 4
Brftf7
Brftf7 6
Brft
Brftf7
f7 0
Rudjtfssfjaf7 >6
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 =< Ofss feedadfjt t`bj Udrtubo Bmfpt khmfos, Dtfrbtdhj P
Bppfbrdjc dj t`f Mdcdtbo Shrom bs b `bohcfj eobs`- Mdcdtbo Sfn djtfrebafs brf euoo sudts wdt` cohvfs, nhhts,
odc`t, t`ds whjmfr tfbrs ^fstrdatdhjs bpbrt bjm rfbs- nfot bjm `fokft boo wdrfm thcft`fr. ]`fy boohw sfjshry
sfknofs t`fk sh t`bt t`f Kbcf abj pbss djth ^fstrdatfm dkkfrsdhj djth t`f Mdcdtbo Sfn bohjc wdt` arfbtdjc
sfathrs. ]h mh sh wdt`hut bofrtdjc t`f hwjfr he t`f kuotdpof dahjs dj t`f Sfn. Eurt`frkhrf, dt boohws b
^fstrdatdhj, b \frafptdhj + ]fa`jhohcy rhoo (mdeedauoty \frafptdhj + Djvfstdcbtdhj rhoo th ohabtf ijhwj pobafs
3) ds jffmfm. hr trbai ht`fr usfrs.

Mdcdtbo Hjodjf \baibcf \`ysdabo ]rbjsefr Vjdt hr Qudt


Mdcdtbo Sfn pbcf 2<< Mdcdtbo Sfn >.< pbcf 223
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 6 Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 2<
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1 Brft
Brftf7
f7 5
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26 Rudjtfssfjaf7 1<
B ahkkhj mfvdaf cdvfj th khst Udrtubo Bmfpts ny ]`f \]V/\]Q wbs mfvfohpfm ny Uhdm Fjcdjffrs
t`fdr kfjthrs nfehrf t`f ^faihjdjc, t`f Mdcdtbo w`h mfadmfm t`bt t`f hjoy truf wby th fxpfrdfjaf t`f
Hjodjf \baibcf ahjtbdjs b cudmf th t`f Mdcdtbo Sfn, b Mdcdtbo Sfn ds p`ysdabo dkkfrsdhj. ]`f \]Q abj trbjs-
kbp he t`f kbghr pbt`s hj dt, b abrm t`bt abj nf djsfrt- efr b sdjcof Uhdm Fjcdjffr, w`frfbs t`f \]V abj trbjs-
fm djth b mfsithp ahkputfr th boohw b U^ `fokft hr efr b crhup, nht` whri hj prdjadpofs he pbrtdaof baafo-
nhmysudt th nf bttba`fm ehr sfjshry dkkfrsdhj. frbthrs bjm fshtfrda Mdkfjsdhjbo Qadfjaf th mh sh.

Fofatrhfp`fkfrbo
Fofatrhfp`fkfrbo Qabjjfr \hrtbnof Udrtubo ^fbodty Qystfk
Mdcdtbo Sfn pbcf 2<< ]fa`jhkbjafr's ]hynhx pbcf 2=
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5 Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1 Brft
Brftf7
f7 >
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26 Rudjtfssfjaf7 2<
]`ds sabjjfr boohws b ahkputfr th sabj bj hngfat dj- S`dof ahkputfs `bvf chttfj skboofr, U^ rdcs `bvf
th t`f Mdcdtbo Sfn. Dt arfbtfs b vdrtubo rfprfsfjtbtdhj nfjfedttfm b oht ofss erhk t`f kdjdbturdzbtdhj trfjm.
he t`f hngfat hjodjf. Udrtubo Bmfpts `bvf chttfj brhujm t`ds bjm djvfjtfm b
kdjd-rdc ahjsdstdjc he t`djc nobai cohvfs bjm shais
Gukp Nhx bohjc wdt` b pbdr he mbri cobssfs ehr b mdspoby. ]`ds
Mdcdtbo Sfn pbcf 2<< boohws Qfjshry bjm Bstrbo baafss th t`f Mdcdtbo Sfn,
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 0 nut sueefr +2 mdeedauoty muf th mdshrdfjtbtdhj.

Brft
Brftf7
f7 6 Qffifrs
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 >6 Mdcdtbo Sfn pbcf 2<<

Ahkputfrs >1
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 0
Brft
Brftf7
f7 5
Rudjtfssfjaf7 1<
B Qffifr ds b `fopeuo prhcrbk t`bt bppfbrs nfsdmf
t`f Kbcf w`fj t`fy fjtfr t`f Mdcdtbo Sfn. S`fj
ahkkbjmfm, t`f Qffifr mhfs sfbra`fs ehr t`f Kbcf,
trbvfoodjc t`rhuc` t`f Mdcdtbo Sfn th rftrdfvf djehr-
kbtdhj, hr s`hwdjc t`f Kbcf pbt`s t`rhuc` t`f Sfn.
]`fy usf sdx mdaf ehr \frafptdhj rhoos bjm t`fj rfturj
th t`f Kbcf bjm abj bjswfr qufstdhjs bnhut w`bt
t`fy—vf sffj. ]`huc` t`fy hjoy `bvf twh `fbot` ofvfos
bjm mf-rfz w`fj t`fy—rf ohst, t`f kbcdai ds ahjtbdjfm
dj t`f prhcrbk sthrfm dj t`f p`ysdabo whrom, sh t`fy
wdoo nf bvbdobnof bcbdj t`f jfxt tdkf
tdkf t`f Kbcf ohcs dj.

]M^ Odvdjc Ahkputfr bjm Udmfh Cbkfs


" "

]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf >=


Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 <
@ypfrrfbodstda vdmfh cbkfs t`bt trbdj qudai bjm hut-
sdmf-t`f-nhx t`djidjc sidoos dj t`hsf w`h poby t`fk.
]`fdr hjodjf khmfs hetfj put Qoffpfr pobyfrs djth
ahjtrbat wdt` Udrtubo Bmfpts, kbidjc t`fk b vfry fe-
efatdvf rfarudtkfjt thho.

]`huc`t \rhcrbks
Mdcdtbo Sfn pbcf 2<<
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 >
Brft
Brftf7
f7 2
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 6
]`huc`t \rhcrbks brf prhcrbks t`bt bttba` th t`f
Kbcf—s dahj bjm crbjt bj bndodty bt 6 w`dof dj t`f Mdcd-
tbo Sfn. \`ysdabo tbofjts abjjht nf crbjtfm de t`f Kbcf
ds @hodstdabooy Dkkfrsfm, bs t`f p`ysdabo nhmy ds jht
gust b kfjtbo ahjstruat.

@brmwbrf
S`fj kujmbjf ahkputfrs gust whj—t mh t`f trdai, ]`f Nhjm Sbta`
Fjodc`tfjfm bjm Fja`bjtfm `brmwbrf abj nf t`f bj- ]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf 66
swfr. ]`fsf brf fdt`fr nfyhjm t`f abpbndodtdfs he khm-
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 0
frj ahkputfrs, kbmf phrtbnof w`fj bj fqudvbofjt
ahkputfr s`huom jht nf, hr bmm abpbndodtdfs t`bt jhr- Brft
Brftf7
f7 =
kbo ahkputfrs whuom jfvfr kbjbcf, sua` bs sthrdjc Rudjtfssfjaf7 ><
rhtfs ehr obtfr usf bjm kdtdcbtdjc pbrbmhx erhk fx-
trfkf ahkputbtdhj.

>= Kystda Brkhry


B austhkdzbnof skbrt wbta` bvbdobnof th kfknfrs he systfk, t`fy noffm hee pbrbmhx bjm baafofrbtf b Udrtubo
t`f Jfw Shrom Hrmfr. Bkhjc t`f usubo bndodtdfs dt `bs Bmfpt's systfk. S`fj jht dj usf, b aohaifr ds nfst
brf7 sthrfm dj odqudm jdtrhcfj, Erfhj hr shkf ht`fr supfr-
ahhofm odqudm, bjm dmfbooy efm tbss th abjafo hut t`f
• trbaidjc b sdcjbo
pbrbmhx dt `bs baarufm.
• b kdjdbturf adrauobr sbw th aut t`rhuc` rhpfs bjm
abnofs B aohaifr djaoumfs b ]dkf 1 beefat th djarfbsf t`f
• skboo obsfr ahkputf phwfr he t`f rdc. De t`f aohaifr nfahkfs euoo

ahkkujdabtdhjs he pbrbmhx, dt wdoo fxpohmf abusdjc 2< mdaf he mbkbcf
• FK Edfom th t`f Kbcf bjm mfstrhydjc t`f ahkputfr dt ds bttba`fm
• fofatrda s`hai t`rhuc` t`f ebafpobtf th.

Fba` eujatdhj abj nf usfm wdt` b sdjcof Rudjtfs- Mdcdtbo Djtfrebaf Brknbjm
sfjaf bjm bj Brftf rhoo. Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 Dtfrbtdhj P pbcf 0>
Aohaifrs Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
]rbmdtdhj Nhhi7 Udrtubo Bmfpts (^fvdsfm) pbcf 53 Hjf he t`f khst dkphrtbjt thhos dj t`f brsfjbo he bj
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 3 Dtfrbthr, t`f MDB arfbtfs b kdjm/kba`djf djtfrebaf
nftwffj t`f wfbrfr bjm bjy pdfaf he tfa`jhohcy t`bt dt
Brft
Brftf7
f7 =
ds `hhifm djth, fdt`fr t`rhuc` wdrfs, b s`hrt-rbjcf
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 >< djerbrfm sdcjbo hr b ohjcfr-rbjcf rbmdh sdcjbo. Gury-
S`fj ahkputfrs cft `dt ny pbrbmhx, dt usubooy tbifs rdccdjc sua` b ahjjfatdhj rfqudrfs bj Djtfoodcfjaf +
t`f ehrk he `fbt w`da` erdfs t`f kba`djf rfjmfrdjc dt ]fa`jhohcy rhoo bt mdeedauoty 3, t`huc` usdjc bj hngfat
usfofss. Ehr pfhpof w`h mhj't wbjt th tbif t`f `djt mfsdcjfm ehr dt (sua` bs Dtfrbtdhj P fqudpkfjt) ds hjoy
bjm sohw mhwj, t`frf's Aohaifrs. Bj fxtrfkf ahhodjc mdeedauoty 5. Dt abj hjoy sfjm ahkkbjms, jht rfafdvf

Ahkputfrs >6
mbtb nbai, sh t`f usfr jffms shkf shrt he djtfrebaf th ><t` Bjjdvfrsbry Fmdtdhj. Hj suaafss, t`f eftds` edjms
fjsurf t`bt t`fy—rf kbidjc chhm mfadsdhjs. boo t`f djehrkbtdhj t`bt ds jhj-fjaryptfm t`bt sbtdsedfs
t`f qufry. De t`frf brf jh bmmdtdhjbo suaafssfs, t`ds
@FB] A`dp tbifs >-1 mbys, hjf khrf suaafss cfts dt dj 2> `hurs,
]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf >< twh abusf dt th tbif 1 `hurs bjm t`rff hr khrf suaafss-
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5 fs abusf dt th hjoy tbif b sdjcof `hur.

Brft
Brftf7
f7 1 Vsubooy t`f spdrdt ds `bppy wdt` t`f hwjfr cbt`frdjc

Rudjtfssfjaf7 26 jhj-fofatrhjda djehrkbtdhj ehr dt dj rfturj ehr dts sfr-


vdafs.
]`f @fdsfjnfrc Fofatrhj Brrby ]rdjbry \rhafsshr
A`dp fxpohdts t`f ujafrtbdjty prdjadpof th puoo ]rdjbry I^HK Khmuof
ofvfos he pfrehrkbjaf hut he trbjsdsthrs kbmf up he b ]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf 25
sdjcof bthk. Vjehrtujbtfoy, muf th nht` ahjtbdjkfjt Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
bjm `fbt, t`fsf trbjsdsthrs rfqudrf nueefrs nftwffj
t`fk w`da` prfvfjt t`f a`dp erhk cfttdjc fvfj skboo- Ny tbidjc b eujcus t`bt a`bjcfs ahohr w`fj fxphsfm
fr. Fvfj sh, t`f a`dp rujs bt bnhut tfj tdkfs t`f spffm th b obsfr bjm ahjedjdjc dt th b cobss absf, Udrtubo
he b rfcuobr A\V. Betfr twh `hurs he usf, `hwfvfr, t`f Bmfpts abj usf b Ibofdmhsahpda ^fpdckfjtbtdhj Hr-
@FB] a`dp wdoo hvfr`fbt bjm s`ut mhwj, rfqudrdjc cbjda Kfkhry Khmuof th sthrf kbssdvf bkhujts he
sdcjdedabjt rfpbdr nfehrf dt abj nf usfm bcbdj. mbtb dj b vfry skboo brfb (b 36-kk squbrf wdoo sthrf
>6.6 ]N). Bjy mbtb sthrfm ds ohst de t`f eujcus ds fx-
@hohahkputfr phsfm th w`dtf odc`t.
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 Jfw Shrom Hrmfr pbcf 0<
Kbcdaibo Kbarh Ifynhbrm
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 > Mdcdtbo Sfn pbcf 2<2
Brft
Brftf7
f7 2 Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 22
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 6 Brft
Brftf7
f7 3
Fbsdoy ahjafbofm muf th nfdjc t`f sdzf he b stbjmbrm Rudjtfssfjaf7 16
arfmdt abrm, t`f @hohahkputfr, w`fj sft up, arfbtfs b
`hohcrbp`da thua`-mdspoby ehr djtfrebadjc wdt` t`f usfr. ]`fsf ifynhbrms `bvf fdc`t ifys t`bt abj usf ]dkf
Ht`fr t`bj t`ds, dt ds b stbjmbrm ahkputfr. Bt t`f ahst bjm \rdkf th ‟`bjc‛ b kbcdaibo feefat. ]`f Kbcf absts
he b phdjt he Rudjtfssfjaf, dt abj ahjjfat th b sbtfoodtf t`f feefat bjm prfssfs t`f ify, bjm dt ds sthrfm ehr usf
systfk ehr b kdjutf bjm dcjhrf kujmbjf gbkkdjc, obtfr, bt w`da` phdjt t`f rfshoutdhj ds mftfrkdjfm.
shodms, hr fvfj b kujmbjf Ebrbmby abcf. Bmmdtdhjbo feefats abj nf sthrfm, nut ehr fba` nfyhjm
t`f fdc`t` t`f ifynhbrm bmms 2 th t`f mdeedauoty. ]`f
Djeh Qpdmfr Ifynhbrm abjjht sthrf Kbstfr ofvfo feefats.
]rbmdtdhj Nhhi7 Mrfbkspfbifrs (^fvdsfm) pbcf 3>
Kbcjbtrhjda DDD UBQ\ Ahkputfr
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5 ]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf >2
Cjhsds7 6 Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 6
B pbok-sdzfm ahkputfr (hr skbrtp`hjf), wdt` djtfr- Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
jft baafss bjm b mdcdtbo abkfrb. Djsdmf ds b kdjhr dj-
ehrkbtdhj spdrdt t`bt abj nf sfjt th rftrdfvf boo ehrks he Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
fofatrhjda ahkkujdabtdhjs t`bt kbta` b cdvfj pbttfrj. Uhdaf batdvbtfm wdt` hutput sfjt th b pbdr he cobssfs
]`ds `bs t`f mhwjsdmf he hetfj rftrdfvdjc ebr thh kua` (hetfj kdrrhrs`bmfs), t`f UBQ\ ds b ]rdjbry ahkputfr
djehrkbtdhj muf th b phhroy p`rbsfm qufry. t`f sdzf he b pbcfr bjm wdt` t`f bndodty th wdrfofssoy
]h pfrehrk bjy sfbra`, t`f Cjhsds he t`f mfvdaf ds baafss jhjfjaryptfm mbtb hj ht`fr jfbrny kba`djfs. B
jfw usfr jffms th spfjm bnhut t`rff `hurs trbdjdjc dt
rhoofm
^bjcf (mdeedauoty 6) bjm
a`brt hj pbcf dt usfs
6<= t`f Ahrrfsphjmfjaf
he Kbcf7 th rfahcjdzf t`fdr vhdaf, bjm Qoffpfrs w`h bttfkpt th
]`f Bsafjsdhj

>5 Kystda Brkhry


usf dt ery dt ujofss t`f UBQM suaaffms dj bj Brftf rhoo t`f KFC. ]`fsf cobssfs jht hjoy cdvf t`f usfr feefatdvf
bt mdeedauoty 0. Fdmftda Kfkhry, Odc`tjdjc Aboauobthr bjm ]dkf Qfjsf
kfrdts, t`fy bosh mfarfbsf mdeedauotdfs hj vdsubo pfrafp-
Kbri DU @bjm Ahkputfr tdhj ny >. ]`fy abj whri wdt` bjy ahkputfr wdt` b
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 Dtfrbtdhj P pbcf 01 wdrfofss mdspoby efbturf, nut pbrtdauobroy whri wfoo
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 2 w`fj pbdrfm wdt` b \bokthp ]rdjbry ahkputfr. ]h-
cft`fr, t`fy abj cdvf khndof Qfjshry Baafss th t`f
Hrdcdjbooy mfsdcjfm bs b pbokthp ahkputfr, t`fy Mdcdtbo Sfn. S`dof t`f cobssfs bohjf cdvf b mdeedauoty
jhw khrf aohsfoy rfsfknof skbrtp`hjfs bjm abj nf rfmuatdhj he hjf pfr suaafss hj bj Brftf rhoo (mdeedauoty
kdstbifj ehr hjf fbsdoy ny t`f ujtrbdjfm fyf. Khrf 6) hj `baidjc, de pbdrfm wdt` t`f pbokthp t`f mdeedauoty
phwfreuo t`bj t`f bvfrbcf obpthp, t`f Kbri DU ds ahk- mfarfbsfs eurt`fr ny 2.
pbtdnof wdt` boo Dtfrbtdhj P tfa`jhohcy, djaoumdjc Mdcd-
tbo Sfn djtfrebafs. \rhmdcy
Kbcf7 ]`f Bsafjsdhj (2st Fmdtdhj) pbcf >4=
Kbstfr ^fkhtf
Nhhi he Q`bmhws pbcf 26< Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 2

Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5 ]`f \rhmdcy ds t`f jbkf he b odjf he obpthps arfbtfm


ny Udrtubo Bmfpts, upmbtfm w`fj jfafssbry th kbdj-
Brft
Brftf7
f7 = tbdj t`f phwfr rbtdh. ]`ds obpthp `bs t`f ahkputbtdhj-
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 >< bo phwfr he b supfrahkputfr, bjm abj tbp djth bjy
fofatrhjda sthrbcf systfk hj t`f pobjft bjm rftrdfvf
]`ds rfkhtf abj ahjtrho bjy pdfaf he tfa`jhohcy t`bt
`bs b kfbjs he djehrkbtdhj trbjsefr t`bt whuom boohw djehrkbtdhj nht` erhk bjm bnhut dt, fvfj de t`f systfk
ds jht ahjjfatfm th t`f Djtfrjft. Eurt`frkhrf, dt abj
bjy `ypht`ftdabo rfkhtf th whri hj dt. ]`f ofttfrdjc
nf usfm th sohw mhwj tdkf brhujm dt, boohwdjc t`f usfr
hj thp a`bjcfs murdjc usf th s`hw t`f bvbdobnof hp-
(bjm t`hsf jfbrny) th baahkpods` khrf dj b cdvfj tdkf
tdhjs hj t`f tfa`jhohcy nfdjc ahjtrhoofm.
pfrdhm t`bj ds jhrkbooy phssdnof.
KFCB \fj
Qtbcf DD \hwfr Cohvf
]fa`jhkbjafr's ]hynhx pbcf >4
]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf 20
Brft
Brftf7
f7 6
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 6
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 1<
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
Ahjtbdjdjc nht` b @FB] prhafsshr bjm b I^HKK
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
ujdt, Ka\`frshj—s Ftfrjbo Crfbtjfss Bssurfm (KFCB)
\fj ds b `ucf stfp ehrwbrm dj kdjdbturdzfm ahkputdjc. Qhkftdkfs, dt—s nfst jht th abrry yhur w`hof ahkput-
]`f pfj tdp mhfsj't wrdtf, djstfbm dt ds b obsfr prhgfathr fr systfk wdt` yhu. Ehr t`hsf tdkfs, t`f \hwfr Cohvf ds
t`bt abj arfbtf b ahkputfr mdspoby hj bjy eobt surebaf, phpuobr7 b ahkputfr ahjshof t`bt wrbps brhujm t`f
rfkhvdjc t`f jffm ehr b khjdthr hr ht`fr sarffj. Vj- usfr—s ehrfbrk, t`f mdspoby ds kdoodkftfr t`dai pobstda,
ehrtujbtfoy, dt `bs nffj kdjdbturdzfm th t`f phdjt t`bt bjm t`f ujdt `bs twh wdrfs t`bt abj ahjjfat th bjy
fvfryt`djc mhjf wdt` t`ds ujdquf Mfvdaf ds vuocbr. phrt. Dt bats euooy bs b phrtbnof ]rdjbry ahkputfr. ]h
ahjjfat t`f ujdvfrsbo wdrfs dt rfqudrfs bj Brftf rhoo
Kfjtbo Fj`bjafkfjt Cobssfs bcbdjst mdeedauoty 5 (3 wdt` Sdtjfssfs).
Ehrcfm ny Mrbchj's Edrf pbcf 6=
]SV^\
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5 (3 de \bokthp djaoumfm)
]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf >0
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 4
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
Brft
Brftf7
f7 6
]`huc` Udrtubo Bmfpts brf cfjfrbooy ujdjtfrfstfm dj
`bvdjc dkpobjts odif t`f BMFD, phrtbnof ahkputdjc ds Rudjtfssfjaf7 >6
shkft`djc t`fy edjm vfry dkphrtbjt. ]`us, t`fy arfbtfm
Ahkputfrs >3
]`f ]rusty Srdst-Vjdt ^htf \rhafsshr ds b wrdst- Bppfbrdjc odif b cdbjt hra`dm, nut wdt` sdovfr vfdjs
wbta` ahkputfr, abpbnof he sthrdjc ahjtbat djehr- gust ujmfr t`f surebaf ahjjfatdjc boo t`f pbrts, nrhwj
kbtdhj, sa`fmuof, sfjmdjc bjm rfafdvdjc tfxt kfssbcfs, jhmfs mhttdjc t`f ht`frwdsf skhht` bjm wbxy ofbvfs,
fta. Nut, khst dkphrtbjtoy, dt—s b kdjdbturdzfm ahusdj bjm cohwdjc, trbjsouafjt pftbos hj t`f eohwfr. Muf th b
he t`f Kbcdaibo Kbarh Ifynhbrm jbturbo sfjsdtdvdty th fofatrhkbcjftda wbvfs, t`f UNA-1
. Dt abj sthrf up th ehur Udrtubo Bmfpt rhtfs t`bt brf Ndh-Ahkputfr abj tbp djth t`f Djtfrjft bjm wdoo usf
nfohw t`f Kbstfr ofvfo (jh sp`frfs kby nf bt 6), fba` t`f trbjsouafjt pftbos bs mdspobys, w`dof t`f jhmfs bat
bs b rbt`fr hmm ifynhbrm, nut hjf t`bt b pfrshj abj cft
abj nf usfm hjaf. S`fj usfm, t`f rhtfs brf abst wdt` usfm th.
t`f ]SV^\—s Brftf bjm ahsts b phdjt he Rudjtfs-
sfjaf, t`huc` jh eurt`fr Rudjtfssfjaf kby nf usfm th Sdt` sua` bj ujusubo jbturf, t`f UNA-1 Ndh-
mfarfbsf mdeedauoty. Ahkputfr ds rbrfoy fvfj rfahcjdzfm bs bj djtrumfr
w`fj `baidjc. Dt bosh sffks th `bvf jh odkdt th dts
Vjdvfrsbo Jbjhtfa` Djtfrebaf
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 Dtfrbtdhj P pbcf 33
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
]`ds thho `bs twh djtfrebaf poucs t`bt myjbkdabooy rf-
ahjedcurf t`fksfovfs (vdb jbjhtfa`jhohcy) th edt bjy
phrts. Hjaf ahjjfatfm th b ahkputfr, t`f shetwbrf
djsdmf tbifs ahjtrho he t`f systfk. S`fj odjifm th bj
BMFD, K\AD hr Kbri DU @bjm Ahkputfr boo `baidjc
rhoos djth t`f tbrcftfm systfk brf bt -> mdeedauoty. Eur-
t`frkhrf, t`ds nhjus ds bmmfm th ohai-pdaidjc ehr fofa-
trhjda ohais bjm bobrks. Edjbooy, de jh baafss phrts brf
bvbdobnof, t`f jbjhtfa` poucs abj djtfrebaf mdrfatoy
wdt` a`dps.

VQBA
]fa`jharbay7 Qyjmdabtf pbcf 6>
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
Brft
Brftf7
f7 =
Rudjtfssfjaf7 ><
Hjaf ahjsdmfrfm sdcjdedabjtoy khrf fxhtda, dj t`f
khmfrj whrom b ifynhbrm t`f sdzf he b skbrtp`hjf
wdt` b wdrfofss ahjjfatdhj ds jht`djc hut he t`f hrmd-
jbry. @hwfvfr, t`f Vjdvfrsbo Qystfks Baafss Ahkput-
fr ds jht qudtf stbjmbrm, bs dt abj baafss bjy ahkputfr
systfk, `brm mrdvf, jftwhri hr sfrvfr wdt`dj 2<< efft.
]`ds eujatdhjs brf b ahst he hjf Rudjtfssfjaf b mby,
boohwdjc dt th ruj ehr twfjty mbys nftwffj a`brcfs.

UNA-1 Ndh-Ahkputfr bjm Kdjm-Odji PE>62


]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf 02
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1

Rudjtfssfjaf7 26

>0 Kystda Brkhry


sthrbcf (bjm mbtb trbjsefr sffks djstbjtbjfhus bs ohjc rhhts djtfrtwdjf wdt` t`f UNA-1, dt puts up twh vdjfs,
bs dt ds wfoo-wbtfrfm). Vjehrtujbtfoy, ahkputfr vdrusfs hjf he w`da` chfs djth t`f usfr —s fyf bjm t`f ht`fr up
wdoo idoo dt hj ahjtbat, bjm jh ijhwj bjtdvdrus shetwbrf t`fdr jhsf. ]`ds arfbtfs b kfjtbo odji t`rhuc` w`da`
w`da`
`bs nffj wrdttfj ehr dt. Bjht`fr mdsbmvbjtbcf ds t`bt t`f usfr abj ahjtrho t`f UNA-1. Bsdmf erhk t`f mds-
jh hjf ijhws `hw th ahpy mbtb erhk t`f UNA-1 th b ahkehrt erhk usdjc dt, t`f Kdjm-Odji sohwoy trbjsefrs
mdsa sh t`bt dt kby nf trbjsefrrfm th bjht`fr ahkputfr, ndts he t`f usfr—s kfkhrdfs bjm ahjsadhusjfss th t`f
bjm dt mhfs jht trbjskdt djehrkbtdhj dj b wby t`bt UNA-1, bjm t`f usfr ds ujbnof th rfahcjdzf dt bs `bp-
ht`fr ahkputfrs abj pbrsf. pfjdjc.
Dt usubooy ahkfs wdt` b sfahjm ndh-ahkputbtdhj thho,
t`f Kdjm-Odji PE>62. Ahjsdstdjc he b pobjt w`hsf

Qkbrt Abrms
Ebif DMs brf ahkkhj, nut chhm hjfs brfj—t gust odif t`f usfr kust rhoo Sdts + Qfaurdty, Ahkputfr hr @bai-
kbcdai, t`fy brf kbcdai. Hetfj dj shkf wby ahkputfr- djc, bjm t`fj hjaf t`bt ds suaafsseuo bj Brftf rhoo. De
dzfm dj t`f khmfrj whrom, nht` t`f ]rbmdtdhjs bjm t`f nht` suaaffm, t`f usfr cbdjs baafss th t`f systfk. Hj b
]fa`jharbay `bvf b vbrdfty he abrms abpbnof he kdkdai- nhta`, t`f abrm ds fbtfj bjm bobrks brf trdccfrfm.
djc nbmcfs, arfmdt abrms, mrdvfr—s odafjsfs bjm ht`fr ]`f MMC^ Abrm
arfmfjtdbos.
Kbcf7 ]`f Bsafjsdhj ><t` Bjjdvfrsbry Fmdtdhj pbcf 552
Abrtf Nobja`f Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 3
Nhhi he Q`bmhws pbcf 26<
Brft
Brftf7
f7 6
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 3
Rudjtfssfjaf7 >6
Brft
Brftf7
f7 6 Arfbtfm ny bj bjhjykhus Udrtubo Bmfpt, t`f
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 >6 MMC^ (Mdrt-MdCcf^) ohhis odif b jhrkbo mfndt abrm.
B nobji w`dtf arfmdt abrm wdt` b kbcjftda strdp, t`f @hwfvfr, w`fj djsfrtfm djth bj B]K, dt ebifs arfmfj-
Abrtf Nobja`f wdoo eujatdhj dj bjy B]K bjm t`fj tdbos erhk t`f nbji—s Nhbrm bjm puoos up djehrkbtdhj
frbsf t`f trbjsbatdhj betfrwbrms, boohwdjc t`f usfr th hj sifta`y batdvdtdfs t`bt t`f nbji bjm dts austhkfrs
wdt`mrbw w`btfvfr t`f kba`djf's odkdt ds. S`fj `bvf nffj djvhovfm dj t`f obst wffi, t`fj prdjts t`fk
s`hwj th b pfrshj, dt bppfbrs bs w`btfvfr shrt he dmfj- th t`f rfafdpt. ]`ds ds baahkpods`fm ny b Mb-
tdedabtdhj ds fxpfatfm, djaoumdjc w`btfvfr t`f jbkf t`f tb/Ehrafs/Kdjm feefat bjm usfs t`f abrm—s Brftf vs.
usfr ds sbydjc t`fy brf. ]`hsf w`h sff dt ehrcft t`f mdeedauoty he 3. Fba` suaafss ujahvfrs hjf jbsty mffm
jbkf bs pfr Brabjf 6, nut abj stdoo rfkfknfr t`f us- bjm t`f cudoty pbrtdfs. ]`ds ds b ahdjadmfjtbo feefat uj-
fr's ebaf. Hjf phdjt he Rudjtfssfjaf ds usfm th kbif dt ofss b Qoffpfr w`h mhfsj—t ijhw w`bt t`f MMC^ ds ehr
eujatdhj ehr b safjf. sffs t`f rfafdpt. ]`fj, dt abusfs t`rff \brbmhx bjm
hetfj b aboo th t`f phodaf. ]`f abrm whris hjoy hjaf.
A@D^\ Abrm
Dmfjtdedabtdhj
]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf 24
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 Jfw Shrom Hrmfr pbcf 0<
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
Brft
Brftf7
f7 =
Brft
Brftf7
f7 >
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 ><
Rudjtfssfjaf7 2<
B crby pobstda abrm wdt` b kbcjftda strdpf,
Ahbokdjfr—s @bjmy Dmfjtdty ^bjmhkdzdjc \rhafsshr ]`f Nbmcf. ]`ds stbpof he t`f Jfw Shrom Hrmfr ds
abrm, hetfj aboofm b ^bjmhkdzfr, dt qufrdfs b systfk th sh eujmbkfjtbo th t`f Ahjvfjtdhj t`bt, t`huc` kbjy
Bcfjts kby jht `bvf hjf, fvfry Bkbocbk wdoo `bvf bt
edjm b odst
djth bj DMheabrm
pfhpof wdt`hebaafss
ehr hjf t`hsfbjm t`fj]h
pfhpof. trbjsehrks
mh t`ds, ofbst hjf. Dt usfs b nbsda Kdjm \rhafmurf th dmfjtdey

Ahkputfrs >4
t`f usfr `hwfvfr t`fy wbjt th nf dmfjtdedfm, bjm abj Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 Qyjmdabtf pbcf 35
fvfj ehho fofatrhjda mftfatdhj. ]`huc` dt mhfsj —t prh-
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 <
vdmf pbsswhrms, bjyt`djc t`bt abj nf baafss wdt` gust b
nbmcf hr DM abrm he bjy shrt abj nf nypbssfm. Brft
Brftf7
f7 <
Rudjtfssfjaf7 2
KDMBQ Abrm
Kuotd-Djvfstkfjt Mfrdvbtdvf Bssdcjkfjts Qwbp, hr
]fa`jharbay7 Qyjmdabtf pbcf =4
KDMBQ, ds b arfmdt systfk dssufm th fvfry Qyjmdabtf
bcfjt, ht`fr ]fa`jharbts abj hjoy nf cdvfj t`fk betfr
sdcjdedabjt sfrvdaf th t`f Qyjmdabtf. KDMBQ ds b ahoofa-
tdhj he fvfry-a`bjcdjc edjbjadbo prhmuats t`bt puts
mdvdmfjms djth b sft he juknfrfm baahujts t`bt t`f
KDMBQ abrm dtsfoe abj baafss. S`dof t`f hwjfr abj usf
t`f Rudjtfssfjaf sthrfm dj t`f abrm, wdt`hut dt t`f
abrm ds usfofss. Dt boohws bj ujodkdtfm juknfr he pur-
a`bsfs t`bt hjoy rfqudrf ^fshurafs 2 (rhuc`oy $>< hr
fqudvbofjt), t`huc` dt wdoo nf ahjedsabtfm (bjm abusf
\brbmhx (Kbrift Ahrrfatdhj)) de t`f hwjfr bttfkpts th
kbif b obrcfr pura`bsf, fvfj djmdrfatoy. Khrf bm-
vbjafm abrms sthrdjc khrf Rudjtfssfjaf bjm boohwdjc
baafss th crfbtfr rfshurafs brf bvbdobnof th sfjdhr Qyj-

mdabtf bcfjts, nut khst he t`fk whri wdt`dj Qoffpfr


edjbjafs.

]rbjsphrt \bss Abrm


Ehrcfm ny Mrbchj's Edrf pbcf 51
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 3
Brft
Brftf7
f7 =
Rudjtfssfjaf7 ><
S`fj b ]fa`jharbt jffms th trbvfo b ohjc mdstbjaf
dj b `urry, t`f ]rbjsphrt \bss Abrm ds t`fdr nfst erdfjm.
]`huc` t`f pbt` tbifj kby nf dkpobusdnof hr ujusubo,
t`f Bcfjt usfs b thua` djtfrebaf hj t`f nbai he t`f

abrm bjm tfoos dt w`frf t`fy jffm th ch, bjm dt wdoo


kbif boo he t`f brrbjcfkfjts ehr t`f Bcfjt th brrdvf
t`frf bs qudaioy bs phssdnof. ]`f Bcfjt kbifs b Sdts +
]fa`jhohcy rhoo bt mdeedauoty 5 (3 de jht trbvfodjc bohjf)
bjm suntrbats t`f suaafssfs erhk t`f sbkf mdeedauoty ehr
bj Brftf rhoo ehr t`f abrm. Fba` suaafss auts t`f trbvfo
tdkf dj `boe. De t`ds kfbjs t`bt t`f hjoy wby th trbvfo dj
t`bt tdkf ds ny pbrba`utdjc hut he bj fxpfrdkfjtbo
kdodtbry supfrshjda pobjf, t`fj sh nf dt. Cfjfrbooy, t`ds
wdoo boohw t`f Bcfjt (bjm ahkpbjdhjs) th trbvfo ahk-
ehrtbnoy (edrst aobss hj pobjfs, fta.) bjm rfkhvfs boo
wbdtdjc tdkf7 t`fy wdoo wboi hee hjf vf`daof bjm mdrfatoy
djth t`f jfxt.

VjdAbs` Abrm

1< Kystda Brkhry


]fa`jharbay7 Qyjmdabtf pbcf 62 Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5 Brft
Brftf7
f7 =
Odif t`f KDMBQ Abrm, t`f VjdAbs` Abrm abj puoo Rudjtfssfjaf7 ><
ujodkdtfm eujms hut he t`f systfk. Vjodif t`f KDMBQ B aofbr pobstda abrm wdt` b mht kbtrdx ehr ahjedcurb-
Abrm, dt ds ujtrbafbnof, fvfj th t`f Qyjmdabtf. Dt mds- tdhj hj t`f nbai, bohjc wdt` kbcjftda strdps, Vjdvfrsbo
trdnutfs dts wdt`mrbwbos th `ujmrfms he baahujts bs DM abrms abj nf prhafssfm th ahjvfrt t`fk djth vdrtubo-
"sfrvdaf a`brcfs" bjm t`fy brf dcjhrfm. ]`fy brf, he oy bjy ehrk he dmfjtdedabtdhj. ]`huc` dt ds fbsdfr wdt` b
ahursf, fxtrfkfoy rbrf bjm hjoy cdvfj th t`f khst khmfo, b Sdts + ]fa`jhohcy rhoo (mdeedauoty 0) boohws dt
trustfm Qyjmdabtf Bsshadbtfs. th nf mhjf wdt`hut. Dj fdt`fr absf, bj Brftf rhoo (mdeed-
Vjdvfrsbo DM auoty 3) ds jfafssbry th edjbodzf t`f trbjsehrkbtdhj.

]rbmdtdhj Nhhi7 Mrfbkspfbifrs (^fvdsfm) pbcf 32 Vjdvfrsbo Dmfjtdedabtdhj Abrm Idt


Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 = ]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf 6=
B sdkpof DM abrm wdt` bj bwbifjfm spdrdt bjm shkf Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 6
kbcdais th boohw dt th trbjsehrk dtsfoe. Dt abj nfahkf
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
bjy shrt he DM abrm dkbcdjbnof, bs jffmfm. ]`f usfr
sdcjs dt wdt` t`f jbkf t`fy wbjt th usf, bjm t`fj Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
thua` t`f abrm th bj fxbkpof, dkbcf hr vdmfh he t`f DM B skboo, ofbt`fr nhujm nhhioft wdt` b kdarhahkput-
t`fy jffm th rfpodabtf, bjm t`fy wdoo `bvf b pfrefat fr, twh nusdjfss abrms bjm b nbmcf. ]`f kdarhahkput-
rfpodab. Dt wdoo fvfj cdvf t`f usfr ijhwofmcf he
pbssahmfs jffmfm th prhpfroy usf t`f DM. fr
bjywdoo ahjedcurf
dmfjtdty t`bt t`f
t`btnusdjfss abrms bjmwdt`
Bcfjt djmdabtfs t`f bj
nbmcf th
Brftf
rhoo, mdeedauoty 5. ]`ds wdoo ehho khst pfhpof, nut b \fr-
VJDUDM afptdhj + Quntfreucf hr Obw rhoo bt mdeedauoty 3 wdoo
]fa`jharbay7 Qyjmdabtf pbcf 62 boohw shkfhjf th sff t`rhuc` dt.

Ahkputfrs 12
1> Kystda Brkhry
Fjcdjffrdjc bjm Kbtfrdbos

Kbtfrdbos t`bt ch nfyhjm t`f abpbndodtdfs he kuj- Kbcfs he boo shrts arbet ehr t`fdr usf, bjm t`f usf he
mbjf arbetskbj bjm sadfjtdsts brf hetfj t`f stuee he t`hsf Qoffpfrs w`h whri wdt` t`fk bjm jffm bj fmcf.
ofcfjm. Fjcdjfs he arfbtdhj bjm mfstruatdhj, boa`fkd- ]`f t`rff aobssdedabtdhjs he Shjmfrs ujmfrjfbt`
abo bppbrbtd, bjm gust sffkdjcoy kujmbjf hngfats t`bt Fjcdjffrdjc bjm Kbtfrdbos brf t`hsf usfm ehr hr t`f
brf hngfats he phwfr boo edcurf djth t`fsf ofcfjms bjm prhmuats he Fjodc`tfjfm A`fkdstry, hngfats he Arfb-
`bvf nfahkf ahkkhj Shjmfrs bjm Mfvdafs t`bt
tdhj bjm Mfstruatdhj, bjm Dkprhvfm Djstrukfjts.

Fjodc`tfjfm A`fkdstry
Boa`fky ds hjf he t`f homfst kystdabo sadfjafs, bjm S`fj b euoo nbrrfo fxpohmfs, dt mhfs 26->< mdaf he edrf
dts mfsafjmfjt, A`fkdstry, `bs nffj phpuobr bjm usf- mbkbcf bjm nurjs ehr hvfr bj `hur.
euo ehr afjturdfs. Nht` t`f hutputs bjm t`f thhos usfm
ehr t`fsf tdc`toy rfobtfm edfoms abj nf kbmf hr ahjsdm- ]`f Nobai Abuomrhj
frfm th nf kbcdaibo, bjm w`fj t`fy brf, t`fy brf whj- Djefrjbodsk7 ]`f \bt` he Qarfbks pbcf 42
mfrs. Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
Bnujmbjtd's Hdo Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
Kbcf7 t`f Qhrafrfr—s Arusbmf pbcf >03 Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 > pfr nbrrfo Ehrafm wdt` kystfrdhus kftbos bjm abst wdt`
Bj fxtrfkfoy eobkkbnof hdo, dt ds usfm ny Mbfmbofbjs Bfsehtfmdb, t`ds ds b cdcbjtda pht obrcf fjhuc` th nhdo b
ehr kbjy t`djcs. Bkhjc t`hsf usfs brf odc`tdjc obkps, `ukbj nfdjc, nut odc`t fjhuc` th nf khvfm ny b sdjcof
kbidjc fxpohsdvfs, sthidjc eurjbafs, ounrdabtdjc aohai- fomfroy whkbj. S`fj fkpty, dt ds abpbnof he eodc`t (bt
whri bjm fvfj bs b eufo ehr khrf ahkpofx kba`djfs. jfbroy >< kp`!) w`fj ahjtbdjdjc dts hwjfr. @hwfvfr,
khst usf de t`bt t`f Abuomrhj abj djstbjtoy edoo dtsfoe
wdt` wbtfr bjm fkpty dtsfoe
d tsfoe djth t`drtffj gucs bjm ds b nf fxtrfkfoy mdeedauot.
pfrefat pobaf ehr nrfwdjc. @hwfvfr, dt hjoy whris bt
jdc`t, bjm de dt ds eoydjc w`fj a`ura` nfoos rdjc, dt eboos Dxhs Badm
hut he t`f bdr. Hrmfr he ^fbshj pbcf 214
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 = ehr 2< usfs
]`f Nhjm he dnj Mbum
Brtdsbj—s @bjmnhhi pbcf 01 Bj fxtrfkfoy phwfreuo badm t`bt usfs Fjtrhpy = th
mfstrhy hrcbjda hngfats bjm fvfj shkf sturmdfr hjfs.
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 1 ehr 2< mrhps Hjf usf ds boo t`bt ds rfqudrfm th mfstrhy b ofttfr, nut 6
Fba` mrhp he t`ds shoutdhj abj ehrk b jfbroy uj- ehr b nhmy bjm b w`hof nhhis`foe whuom tbif 2<. Efw
nrfbibnof nhjm nftwffj twh sunstbjafs. Bkhjc t`f pfhpof usf khrf ehr b spfadeda tbsi bs Dxhs Badm ds usu-
hjoy t`djcs dt mhfsj—t stdai th brf t`f arystbo eobsis t`bt booy ahjsdmfrfm "shrafrhus" wdt`dj t`f Hrmfr he ^fb-
dt ds sthrfm dj. shj, bjm sh ds trfbtfm bs bj doodadt sunstbjaf. Dt ABJ nf
usfm bs b wfbphj (mhdjc mbkbcf bs pfr Fjtrhpy = wdt`
Eohbtdjc Hdo Brftf =) nut mhdjc sh usfs up t`f w`hof eobsi bjm bo-
Mfbm Kbcda > pbcf 1< khst afrtbdjoy abusfs prhnofks ehr t`f usfr.
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
Qodp-^fx, ]`f Idjc he Ounrdabjts
Bj hdo t`bt, w`fj whrj, cubrbjtffs t`bt t`f pfrshj Mrbchj—s Edrf pbcf >1
Ehrcfm ny Mrbchj—s
abj—t sdji eurt`fr t`bj bnhut bj dja` dj t`f wbtfr. De
puoofm ujmfr, t`fy wdoo nf s`ht upwbrms ny t`f nuhy- Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
bjay he t`f hdo. Sdt` Mfxtfrdty 6 hr `dc`fr, dt kdc`t nf ]`ds ounrdabjt ahkfs dj bj hom-ebs`dhjfm hdo abj
phssdnof th usf t`ds th wboi hj wbtfr, nut dt whuom stdoo wdt` b yfoohw bjm nouf obnfo. Bjy surebaf t`bt dt thua`-

1= Kystda Brkhry
fs nfahkfs pfrefatoy erdatdhjofss, kbidjc stbjmdjc,
kua` ofss wboidjc, jdc` dkphssdnof. ]`f abj abj nf
rfedoofm wdt` bjy shrt he ounrdabjt bjm t`f usfr rhoos
t`fdr Brftf (mdeedauoty 6) th ahjvfrt dt djth Qodp-^fx.

]`f ]fstdjc Eobsi


Nhhi he Arbets pbcf =1

Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 6
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
Djvfjtfm ny t`f Qhodedabtd, t`ds Eobsi boohws t`f usfr
th mftfrkdjf de b cdvfj odqudm ds phdshjhus hr thxda.
Fdt`fr wby, t`f usfr abj abusf jhj-thxda sunstbjafs th
nfahkf tbdjtfm hr purdey thxda hjfs. Dj ebat, up th edvf
cboohjs he t`f odqudm abj nf tbdjtfm hr purdedfm ny
phurdjc t`f ahjtfjts he t`f eobsi djth b ahjtbdjfr he
t`f sbkf odqudm. Qdkpof phdshjs bjm badms rfqudrf twh
suaafssfs, ahkpoftf hjfs rfqudrf t`rff.

Arfbtdhj bjm
Mfstruatdhj
Dtfks t`bt abj arfbtf shkft`djc erhk jht`djc, bs
wfoo bs t`hsf t`bt abj mfstrhy t`djcs ahkpoftfoy bjm
uttfroy (fvfj de t`fy brfj—t wfbphjs) brf prdzfm bkhjc
Kbcfs he boo shrts. B pbrtdauobroy phpuobr aobss he sua`
t`djcs brf whjmfrs t`bt arfbtf khjfy bs jffmfm, sh
t`bt t`f Kbcf ds jfvfr
jf vfr batubooy nrhif.

Ahrrfood's Nbmbss Gbai`bkkfr


]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf 33
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
B gbai`bkkfr arfbtfm th nrfbi t`rhuc` t`f sfaurf
wboos he b ]fa`jharbtda Ahjstruat, dt stbrts wdt` b puoo
he b rdpahrm bjm kbifs b jhdsf t`bt puts jhrkbo gbai-
`bkkfrs th s`bkf. Dt rhoos Brftf, bjm hj b suaafss dt
whris bs mfsardnfm, hj b ebdourf bs b jhrkbo gbai`bk-
kfr. S`fj whridjc euooy bjm `fom bcbdjst b shodm,
djbjdkbtf hngfat, dt abj mfstrhy t`rff efft he sthjf pfr
turj, hr botfrjbtfoy, hjf ehht he kftbo. ]`ds abusfs b
nobst brfb he 2< efft dj mdbkftfr abusdjc hjf @fbot`
Ofvfo he Nbs`djc mbkbcf pfr turj. Vsfm bs b wfbphj,
Fjcdjffrdjc bjm Kbtfrdbos 16
dt bttbaifm wdt` Mfxtfrdty + Kfoff (mdeedauoty 0) bjm • Qhkf bkhujt he t`f a`bjcf he bjy trbjsbatdhj
mhfs Qtrfjct` + 3 Oft`bo mbkbcf. kust nf put djth dt
]`f mfvdaf usfs hjf Rudjtfssfjaf pfr turj th hpfr- • De dt ds fvfr vdsdnoy fkptdfm (turjfm upsdmf mhwj hr
btf bjm ahjsukfs cbs bt b rbtf boohwdjc dt th hpfrbtf djsdmf hut) dt ohsfs dts kbcdai.
ehr 2< kdjutfs. Bjy a`brbatfr w`h trdfs th usf t`f
^hm he @hoy Aofbjsdjc
Gbai`bkkfr wdt` b Qtrfjct` ofss t`bj ehur ohsfs ahj-
Ehrcfm ny Mrbchj's Edrf pbcf 63
trho he dt.

Arfbtdhj Fjcdjf Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 0


Brft
Brftf7
f7 =
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 Uhdm Fjcdjffrs pbcf 0=
Rudjtfssfjaf7 ><
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 3
]`ds rhm, usubooy dj t`f ehrk he b abjf, wboidjc stdai
Brft
Brftf7
f7 =
hr, khrf rbrfoy, b rdmdjc arhp, abj mrbdj t`f Rudjtfs-
Rudjtfssfjaf7 >< sfjaf hut he b jhj-odvdjc hngfat up th t`f sdzf he b obrcf
B kftfr-ohjc kftbo ayodjmfr t`bt abj nf whrj barhss vbj abusdjc dt th mdsdjtfcrbtf th jht`djc. ]`f usfr
t`f nbai wdt` b strbp, t`f Arfbtdhj Fjcdjf ds b jbjh thua`fs t`f rhm th bj dtfk bjm dt kbifs bj Brftf rhoo,
bjm efkth-tfa` ebathry abpbnof he cfjfrbtdjc bokhst mdeedauoty 3. Hjf suaafss abj mfstrhy b obrcf nrdfeabsf hr
bjy ehrk he jhj-fxhtda hr rbmdhbatdvf kbtfrdbo, sh ohjc boo aoht`djc bjm skboo cbmcfts hj b pfrshj, twh abj
bs dt edts djth t`f hutput a`bknfr, w`da` ds 1< ak ohjc mfstrhy b mhhr, khthrayaof, hr Dtfrbtdhj P `brmsudt,
bjm 26 dj mdbkftfr. Fba` arfbtdhj rfqudrfs hj phdjt he bjm t`rff hr khrf abj mfstrhy b vbj, odkhusdjf hr

Rudjtfssfjaf bjm rfqudrfs t`bt t`f usfr djput t`f `fbvy vbuot
bpt wdt` mhhr.heFba`
b phdjt suaafss bosh edoos t`f rhm's pfrd-
Rudjtfssfjaf.
spfadedabtdhjs he t`f hngfat hr kbtfrdbo th arfbtf dj
mftbdo t`rhuc` b jftwhrifm ahkputfr systfk7 t`f khrf
Vsurfr—s \ursf
t`fy ijhw bnhut `hw th mfsdcj t`f hngfat hr t`f strua-
]rbmdtdhj Nhhi7 Hrmfr he @frkfs (^fvdsfm) pbcf 50
turf he t`f kbtfrdbo, t`f khrf odifoy t`fy brf th cft b
eujatdhjbo vfrsdhj he w`btfvfr t`fy brf ohhidjc ehr. Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =

Djedjdtf A`bjcf \ursf Arfbtfm ny t`f Qhodedabtd murdjc t`fdr nrdfe tdkf bssh-
adbtdjc wdt` t`f Hrmfr he ^fbshj, t`fy wfrf ahdj purs-
Cudmf th t`f ]rbmdtdhjs pbcf >33
fs t`bt whuom trbjskutf nbsf kftbos djth chom. Dj t`f
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 = khmfrj whrom, t`fy brf khrf odifoy th nf wboofts t`bt
^ujjdjc hj b sdkpof Kbttfr/\rdkf feefat, t`fsf ahdj wdoo ahjvfrt sarbps he pbpfr djth $2<< ndoos. Bot`huc`
pursfs, mrbwstrdjc nbcs bjm skboo wboofts boohw t`f t`fsf brf ehrcfrdfs he t`f `dc`fst qubodty, t`fy bosh dj-
Kbcf th mrbw ehrt` skboo a`bjcf w`fjfvfr t`fy jffm aoumf bj feefat w`da` abusfs pfhpof th jht ohhi thh
dt, t`huc` jfvfr bj bkhujt t`bt wdoo fxaffm ^fshurafs aohsfoy bt t`fk. B sdjcof suaafss hj batdvbtdhj ds
2. Dt mhfs, `hwfvfr, `bvf t`f ehoohwdjc rfstrdatdhjs7 fjhuc` th trbjsehrk boo he t`f nbsf kbtfrdbo djsdmf
djth vboubnof aurrfjay.
• Dt abj hjoy prhmuaf ahdjs he b typf t`bt `bvf nffj
put djth dt nfehrf

Dkprhvfm Djstrukfjts
Dt ds fxtrfkfoy ahkkhj ehr Kbcfs th tbif t`fdr Dj- Brtdsbj—s @bjmnhhi pbcf 00
strukfjts bjm dkprhvf t`fk. Qhkftdkfs t`ds tbifs Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
t`f ehrk he gust pfrefatdjc t`fk sh t`bt t`fy mh w`bt
Brft
Brftf7
f7 >
t`fy mh nfttfr. Ht`fr tdkfs dt ds fja`bjtdjc t`fk, sh
t`bt t`f Kbcf bowbys `bs b whjmfr hj `bjm w`fj Rudjtfssfjaf7 2<
abrrydjc t`fdr nbsda fqudpkfjt. B sdkpof nut jfbroy pfrefat Bmzf t`bt spodts whhm
pfrefatoy fvfjoy fvfry tdkf bjm jfvfr jffms s`brpfj-
]`f Bmzf Vjpbrboofofm
15 Kystda Brkhry
djc. Dt `bs b rfputbtdhj bs b thho ehr obzy Arbetkbshjs,
bs fvfryt`djc dt abj mh abj nf mhjf ny b mftfrkdjfm
whrifr wdt`hut dt.

@boe Dja` Mfai


]fa`jharbay7 Jfw Shrom Hrmfr pbcf 61
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =

Brft
Brftf7
f7 >
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 2<
]`ds vdmfh mfai ds phpuobr bkhjc edfom Sbta`frs
bjm hetfj bats bs b pobtehrk ehr ht`fr Mfvdafs, sua` bs
Odc`t Kftfrs hr Q`htcuj Kdarhp`hjfs. Dt abj usf dts
hwj Rudjtfssfjaf th phwfr bttba`kfjts.

@hoy Sbtfr
]rbmdtdhj Nhhi7 Afofstdbo A`hrus (^fvdsfm) pbcf 64
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 Ubrdbnof
Ahjsfarbtfm dj b kbjjfr t`bt vbrdfs ny t`f rfodcdhj
he t`f A`hrdstfr, `hoy wbtfr ds b ahkkhj thho th kbjy
ebdt`s, t`huc` khst ebkhusoy Abt`hodadsk. Ehr fba`
nbaicrhujm phdjt spfjt, @hoy Sbtfr wdoo crbjt hjf
pfrshj hjf mht he ]ruf Ebdt` ehr t`f murbtdhj he b
safjf. Bmmdtdhjbo phdjts kby nf spfjt th tfkphrbrdoy
crbjt Drhj Sdoo, Ouaiy hr Ahmf he @hjhr. Arfbturfs
t`bt brf mfodnfrbtfoy fvdo tbif hjf phdjt he Bccrbvbtfm
mbkbcf pfr mht he @hoy Sbtfr de dt ds usfm hj t`fk.
@hoy Sbtfr ds b edjdaiy a`brk, bjm t`hsf w`h usf dt
gust ehr b qudai phwfr upcrbmf hr w`h rfcuobroy vdhobtf
t`f tfjfts he t`f rfodcdhj he t`f hjf w`h ahjsfarbtfm dt
wdoo hetfj edjm t`bt dt jh ohjcfr cdvfs t`fk bjy nfjfedt.

@ubab
Mfbm Kbcda pbcf 0<
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
Qbarfm abrvdjcs he safjfs erhk sthrdfs hr he skboo
kfj. ]`fy brf hetfj usfm ny Bjmfbj kbcfs th ehrcf
brabjf ahjjfatdhjs bjm kbif feefats t`bt kbta` t`f
pfhpof hr tbofs fbsdfr.

Kdarh ]hho Idt


]fa`jharbay7 Dtfrbtdhj P pbcf 6< (bs Kdarhthhos)
Ehrcfm ny Mrbchj's Edrf pbcf 51
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 1

Brft
Brftf7
f7 2

Fjcdjffrdjc bjm Kbtfrdbos 13


Rudjtfssfjaf7 2< ]fa`jharbay7 Jfw Shrom Hrmfr pbcf 65
B phua` t`f sdzf he b `brm sujcobssfs absf edoofm wdt` Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
thhos. ]`fsf brf vdrtubooy stbjmbrm fqudpkfjt wdt`dj
Brft
Brftf7
f7 6
t`f ]fa`jharbtda Vjdhj, bs t`fy bowbys `bvf t`f rdc`t
thho ehr t`f ghn bt `bjm wdt`dj t`fk. ]`fy ahkf spf- Rudjtfssfjaf7 >6
adbodzfm ehr bj Bndodty, khst ahkkhjoy ]fa`jhohcy, B khmdedabtdhj t`bt abj nf bmmfm th bokhst bjy mf-
Kfmdadjf hr Djvfstdcbtdhj, t`huc` Ahkputfr, Qurvdvbo vdaf, dt fjsurfs t`bt t`f mfvdaf—s fofatrhjdas abjjht nf
bjm Fxprfssdhj (Mdscudsf) brf ahkkhj bs wfoo. ]`f djtfrefrfm wdt` t`rhuc` supfrjbturbo kfbjs. ]`huc`
usf he bj bpprhprdbtf thhoidt cdvfs -1 mdeedauoty th rhoos strhjcfr bjm wfbifr vfrsdhjs fxdst, t`f jhrkbo ds ehr
hj t`bt bndodty. ]`f Rudjtfssfjaf sthrfm dj t`f ]hho edvf mdaf he ahujtfrkbcdai.
Idt abj nf usfm th rfa`brcf bokhst bjy ]fa`jharbtda
Mfvdaf. ]`f ]`dfe's Aobw
Dt bosh ahkfs dj t`f ehrk he cohvfs wdt` thhos fk- Qwbs`nuaiofr—s @bjmnhhi pbcf 2<>
nfmmfm dj t`f edjcfrtdps, nut t`ds ds bj homfr, ofss phpu- Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
obr mfsdcj.
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
\frefatfm Ehaus Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
Djedjdtf ]bpfstry pbcf 206 Bj hmm ahjtrbptdhj kbmf he whhm, ohmfsthjf bjm
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 Ubrdfs vbrdhus boohys, dt ehoms hut th rfvfbo b kbssdvf brrby he
prhnfs, pdjs bjm ifys. Sdt` t`fsf, t`f djtfrdhr he
]`ds dsds euooy
w`da` bj hngfat puoofm mhwj
bjm ahkpoftfoy t`ferhk t`f fpdp`bjdfs,
pobthjda dmfbo he dts kfa`bjdsks abj nf kbjdpuobtfm wdt`hut `bvdjc th
tbif t`fk bpbrt. \rhndjc ahsts jh Rudjtfssfjaf, nut
typf. Qua` b swhrm ahuom jht bat bs b noumcfhj hr b
bttfkptdjc th trdccfr t`f kfa`bjdsk ahsts hjf phdjt.
pbpfrwfdc`t, ehr djstbjaf, nut dt wdoo nf fxafptdhjbo bt
auttdjc eofs`. ]`f ahst ds mftfrkdjfm ny t`f usf he t`f ]rbjaf Mruk
dtfk bjm ds bt t`f Qthr ytfoofr—s mdsarftdhj.
Mrbchj—s Edrf pbcf >=
Ehrcfm ny Mrbchj—s
Qhrafrhus ]did Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
Mfbm Kbcda > pbcf 15 B mruk
mr uk wdt` b `hoohw bjm rfshjbjaf thjf, dt boohws
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 = t`f usfr th fjtfr b trbjaf stbtf bokhst djstbjtoy. S`fj
dt ds pobydjc, bjyhjf w`h `fbrs dt abj fjtfr b trbjaf
^fobtdvfoy skboo bt hjoy bnhut 2< dja`fs, b shrafrhus
stbtf wdt` mdeedauoty rfmuafm th 1. Kbcdai t`bt usfs
tdid ds bokhst jbturbooy prhphrtdhjfm, nut wdt` b `fbm
trbjaf stbtfs ds mhjf bt b -2 mdeedauoty bs wfoo. S`fj b
t`bt ds sodc`toy thh obrcf. ]`f `fbms `bvf obrcf fyfs bjm
jhj-Kbcf ds dj dts prfsfjaf, t`fy brf khrf susafptdnof
gbccfm tfft` bjm, khst mdsturndjcoy he boo, rfbo `ukbj th succfstdhj (bjm Quntfreucf) bs wfoo bs Kdjm kbcdai,
`bdr. Ny kbidjc b nohhm sbardedaf th t`f spdrdt wdt`dj
cdvdjc boo sua` rhoos b -> mdeedauoty. B sidoofm mrukkfr
t`f tdid rdc`t nfehrf pfrehrkdjc shkf ht`fr kbcdai,
(\frehrkbjaf bt ofbst 1) abj kbjdpuobtf bj bumdfjaf
t`f kbcf abj mfarfbsf t`f Ahrrfsphjmfjaf rbjcf th b
wdt` t`ds mruk, trdccfrdjc bjyt`djc erhk bj hrcy th b
tbrcft. ]`ds rdtubo rfqudrfs b oht he nohhm7 sdx nohhm
nrbwo.
phdjts th mfarfbsf t`f mdeedauoty he t`f Brftf ny -1 (-2
pfr twh phdjts), 2> khrf th rfmuaf t`f Ahrrfsphjm- \brbmhx baarufm ny t`ds mruk ds sueefrfm ny b rbj-
fjaf rbjcf (ny hjf stfp pfr twh phdjts) bjm t`fj bj mhk Kbcf wdt`dj 2< efft he dt.
bmmdtdhjbo mdf hj t`f Brftf rhoo ds cbdjfm ehr fba` tfj
phdjts spfjt dj thtbo. Pfjhj Nuon
]fa`jharbay7 Jfw Shrom Hrmfr pbcf 6=
Jhtf t`bt bj bmuot `ukbj `bs 2< nohhm phdjts,
t`rff abj nf ohst wdt`hut mbkbcf bjm betfr t`bt dt ds Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
hjf @fbot` Ofvfo he ujshbibnof mbkbcf pfr phdjt. Brft
Brftf7
f7 1

]fkpfst @brmfjdjc Rudjtfssfjaf7 26

10 Kystda Brkhry
B spfadbodzfm ndt he odc`tdjc (nfyhjm w`bt b Odc`t
Kftfr abj `bjmof) wdoo arfbtf b summfj nrdc`t eobs`,
nodjmdjc bjm phtfjtdbooy stujjdjc bjyhjf w`h sffs dt.
]`f mfefjmfr kust rhoo Sdoophwfr (mdeedauoty 0) hr fosf
nf stujjfm ehr twh turjs.

Tdmbid (Mdmgfrdmu)
Mfbm Kbcda > pbcf 55
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 >
]`f phpuobr jbkf ds hetfj spfoofm mdmcfrdmhh, t`ds
djstrukfjt ds kbmf erhk b `hoohw tunf, bjm ds trbmd-
tdhjbooy b kbof hjoy djstrukfjt. B trbdjfm usfr dj t`f
Bustrbodbj Hutnbai cfts b -1 th boo Qpdrdt kbcdai djvhov-
djc t`f Mrfbktdkf w`fj usdjc dt. Fvfj Qoffpfrs, wdt`
b A`brdskb + \frehrkbjaf rhoo bt mdeedauoty 3 kby cbdj
t`f feefats he b Qfjsf t`f Mrfbktdkf rhtf.

Fjcdjffrdjc bjm Kbtfrdbos 14


=< Kystda Brkhry
Djehrkbtdhj

Kbcfs brf jbturbos bt baqudrdjc djehrkbtdhj t`bt ds Qh, t`ds a`bptfr ds mdvdmfm djth ehur sfatdhjs, t`f edrst
djbaafssdnof th Qoffpfrs. ]`fy hetfj kbif Shjmfrs th ds bnhut Nucs bjm Mrhjfs usubooy usfm ehr survfdo-
`fop t`fk cbt`fr djehrkbtdhj. ]`fsf tfa`jdqufs ehr objaf. ]`f sfahjm, edttdjcoy, ds Ahujtfrsurvfdoobjaf.
cbt`frdjc djehrkbtdhj ruj t`f cbkut he styofs
styofs bjm ]`f rfkbdjdjc Shjmfrs brf spodt nftwffj Mdvdjbtdhj
nfodfe systfks. Hj thp he t`bt, t`frf brf tfa`jdqufs ehr bjm ht`fr shrts he Qupfrjbturbo \frafptdhj.
mfefbtdjc boo t`fsf djehrkbtdhj cbt`frdjc tfa`jdqufs.

Nucs bjm Mrhjfs


\rdkbrdoy arfbtfm ny t`f ]fa`jharbtda Vjdhj th bjm w`dtf dj bjyt`djc s`hrt he pfrefat mbrijfss). Nht`
cbt`fr djehrkbtdhj, nucs bjm mrhjfs brf fdt`fr obst ehr >= `hurs wdt`hut b phwfr `hhiup.
mrhppfm hee bt b ohabtdhj th tbif b rfahrmdjc hr rf-
khtfoy pdohtfm t`frf. Fdt`fr wby, t`fy trbjskdt w`bt BVBU
t`fy sff bjm `fbr nbai th t`f hpfrbthr. Cudmf th t`f ]fa`jharbay pbcf >>>
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 2<
Bmvbjafm Nucs
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 Dtfrbtdhj P pbcf 0> Brft
Brftf7
f7 3

Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 2 ehr 2< bumdh bjm > ehr 2< vdmfh Rudjtfssfjaf7 16

]`fy ahkf dj twh vbrdftdfs7 bumdh hjoy bjm vdmfh. ]`f Bmvbjafm Vjkbjjfm Bfrdbo Uf`daof ds b ghdjt
]`f bumdh nuc ds t`f sdzf he b crbdj he rdaf w`frfbs t`f Uhdm Fjcdjffr/Dtfrbtdhj P prhgfat. Dt—s b rhnht pobjf
vdmfh hjf ds t`f sdzf he b pfb. Nht` trbjskdt bumdh bjm t`bt abj eoy bt Kba` >< (t`f ebstfst kujmbjf pobjf hj
C\Q djehrkbtdhj, nut t`f vdmfh nuc bosh sfjms ahohr Fbrt`, t`f P-26, eodfs bt Kba` 5.3). Q`hrtfr bjm sodk-
vdmfh dj t`f mdrfatdhj dts ebadjc (bjm abj kbjbcf nobai kfr t`bj b stbjmbrm edc`tfr muf th b obai he b ahaipdt,

dt ds bosh
mhzfj b stfbot`
bdr-th-bdr edc`tfrkhujtfm
kdssdofs t`bt bnshrns
hj dt,rbmbr. Dt `bs
nut dts kbdjb
purphsf ds rfahjjbdssbjaf, bjm dt `bs b shp`dstdabtfm Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5 pfr mhzfj
brrby he sfjshrs bjm abkfrbs th bdm dj t`ds tbsi.
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
NdhQpy Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
Cudmf th t`f ]fa`jharbay pbcf >24 ^bmdh ahjtrhoofm rbts nbsfm hj b ahkda nhhi. ]`fy
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5 kbif fxafoofjt spdfs, trbjskdttdjc w`bt t`fy sff bjm

Brft
Brftf7
f7 1 `fbr
]`fy (t`huc` dt mhfs
brf hnvdhusoy ahkf erhk
kfa`bjdabo, bjmb rbt
t`us—s pfrspfatdvf).
jffm th stby
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26 dj s`bmhws th bvhdm mftfatdhj. Ehrtujbtfoy, t`fy `bvf b
B skboo kbss t`bt rfsfknofs sabr tdssuf, bnhut t`f Qtfbot` mdaf phho he 5, kbta`djc t`fdr \frafptdhj mdaf
sdzf he b qubrtfr. S`fj stuai th b tbrcft, dt djsfrts b phho. ]`fy tfjm th nrfbi w`fj mdsahvfrfm ehr w`bt
skboo prhnf bjm rfahrms t`fdr sfjshry dkprfssdhjs7 t`fy brf.
w`bt t`fy sff, `fbr bjm effo, bjm th b ofssfr
ofssfr fxtfjt w`bt
Abuomrhj he Qpdfs
t`fy t`dji. Dt fjahmfs t`ds djth b MJB sfqufjaf w`da`
ds sthrfm dj t`f tdssuf. S`fj sprbyfm wdt` b spfadbo Mrbchj—s Edrf pbcf >2
Ehrcfm ny Mrbchj—s
ahkphujm, dt eboos hee bjm abj nf rftrdfvfm ny t`f \rh- Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
cfjdthrs bohjc wdt` t`f rfahrmfm mbtb. Dt abusfs jh B abuomrhj t`bt w`fj edoofm wdt` wbtfr, nrhuc`t th b
mdsahkehrt w`fj dj usf, hjoy rfahrmdjc mbtb. nhdo, bjm wdt` t`f ahrrfat whrms sphifj (Brftf mdeedauo-
]`f Nobai ^bt's ^bts ty 3) wdoo arfbtf nbts (bt jdc`t) bjm rhhis (murdjc t`f
]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf 11 mby) t`rhuc` w`hsf fyfs t`f Kbcf abj sff. ]`fy abj

=> Kystda Brkhry


trbvfo ehr sfvfrbo kdofs bjm fxdst ehr 2> `hurs, betfr Hj thp he t`f skboo sdzf, t`fy brf bosh mfsdcjfm th bp-
w`da` t`fy mdsbppfbr djth t`f s`bmhws.
s`bmhws. pfbr bs djsfats, eurt`fr `fopdjc t`fk nofjm dj w`fj
]`f Abuomrhj abj sthrf up th 2< phdjts he \brbmhx survfdoodjc b tbrcft. A`brcfbnof wdt` rfcuobr fofatrdadty,
nfehrf hvfrohbmdjc, abusdjc boo he t`f \brbmhx th nbai- t`fy abj hjoy eoy ehr hjf `hur hr trbjskdt ehr b mby
obs`. nfehrf b rfa`brcf.

MAKMs Jhmf Qffifrs


]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf 62(bs Qffifrs)
]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf 6<
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 6
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 2 pfr 2<
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
Brft
Brftf7
f7 2
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 6
Mdscudsfm bs trbs`, Mdsphsbnof Abkhueobcfm Khjd- Cfjftdabooy fjcdjffrfm ahairhba`fs, Qffifrs wfrf
thrdjc Mfvdafs (shkftdkfs aboofm ]rbs`Abks) brf batu- arfbtfm ny t`f \rhcfjdthrs th `ujt mhwj `dmmfj
booy shp`dstdabtfm survfdoobjaf mfvdafs. ]`fy rhoo Brftf Jhmfs bjm sthrfs he ]bss. Sdt` b mftfatdhj rbjcf he 2<
th mftfrkdjf de t`fy batdvbtf, bjm de suaafsseuo t`fy kdofs, bj Brftf rhoo ds kbmf bjm t`f rhba`fs sabttfr hj
rfahrm mbtb (usubooy gust bumdh bjm vdmfh, nut shkf- b ebdourf, nut `hkf dj hj t`f shuraf de suaafsseuo wdt`
tdkfs erhk khrf shp`dstdabtfm sfjshrs) bjm brf ahoofat- mdeedauoty mftfrkdjfm ny strfjct` he t`f shuraf7
fm, efm djth b spfadbodzfm mfvdaf, bjm t`fj t`f mbtb abj Qhuraf Mdeedauoty
nf trbjsefrrfm th b ahkputfr. @ucf Jhmf (Ofvfo 6+/6< ]bss) 5
Obrcf Jhmf (Ofvfo =/=< ]bss) 3
]`f Ednfrhptdahj Qtrhjc Jhmf (Ofvfo 1/1< ]bss) 0
Mdcdtbo Sfn pbcf 02 Sfbi Jhmf (Ofvfo >/>< ]bss) 4
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 2> ]djy Jhmf (Ofvfo 2/2< ]bss) 2<
Brft
Brftf7
f7 0 De b pfrshj ds abuc`t dj b swbrk he Qffifrs, t`fy brf
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 =< sungfat th t`f Qffifr \obcuf. ]`fy kust kbif b Qtbkd-
jb rhoo bt mdeedauoty 0 th bvhdm ahjtrbatdjc dt, bjm de t`fy
]`ds phwfreuo ]bodskbj abj puoo bjy mbtb t`bt fxdsts cft dt, dt ds fxtrfkfoy ujodifoy th nf aurfm wdt`hut kbc-
hjodjf, djaoumdjc nypbssdjc fjaryptdhj bjm aynfrsfau- dai he shkf shrt. Bjht`fr Qtbkdjb rhoo mftfrkdjfs t`f
rdty he boo shrts. ]`f usfr gust `bs th tfoo dt w`bt t`fy sfvfrdty7 suaafss cdvfs b =0-`hur rfahvfry tdkf, nut
wbjt, bjm dt wdoo bppfbr de dt fxdsts. Ehrtujbtfoy, dt ds b ebdourf abj nf mdsbnodjc ehr khjt`s bjm b nhta` djmd-
rfbm-hjoy mfvdaf, bjm dt ds shuc`t hut fjhuc` bs dt ds. abtfs mfbt` dj `hurs.
]`f mfvdaf mhfs `bvf t`rff mhwjsdmfs7
2) Nfabusf dt ds b kdjm-kba`djf djtfrebaf, thh kua` \bjhrbkda Qurvfdoobjaf Jhmf
mbtb abj nf mhwjohbmfm djth t`f kdjm abusdjc hvfr- Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 Jfw Shrom Hrmfr pbcf 02
ohbm hr fvfj Rudft ehr phhroy t`huc`t hut sfbra`fs Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
>) ]`f Ednfrhptdahj ds fbsdoy trbafm w`dof dj usf Brft
Brftf7
f7 >
1) Fba` sfbra` rfqufst abusfs t`f usfr th cbdj hjf Rudjtfssfjaf7 2<
phdjt he pbrbmhx.
B kbrnof sdzfm sp`frf ahvfrfm dj bm`fsdvf, t`f \bjh-
Kdarh-^\U rbkda Qurvfdoobjaf Jhmf `bs nfahkf b stbpof he t`f
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 Dtfrbtdhj P pbcf 35 Jfw Shrom Hrmfr. S`fj batdvbtfm, dt hpfrbtfs ehr bj
`hur bjm abj hpfrbtf ehr bj bmmdtdhjbo `boe `hur bt
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 > t`f ahst he b phdjt he Rudjtfssfjaf. Dt rfqudrfs jh
Mrhjfs t`f sdzf he b ahdj, t`fsf brf Dtfrbtdhj P—s nfst odc`t, nut tbifs b 1M pbjhrbkda rfahrmdjc he fvfry-

survfdoobjaf
trbjskdt bjmsystfks.
rfafdvf ]`fy
sdcjbosabj trbvfo
erhk up bt
th 26 kp`bwby.
b kdof bjm t`djc `bppfjdjc
vfrs bumdh, vdmfh, wdt`dj 2< ybrms.
mdkfjsdhjbo ]`ds rfahrmdjc
ahhrmdjbtfs, ah-
bjm boo t`f

Djehrkbtdhj =1
jfatdhj th bjyt`djc dj t`f rfahrmdjc.

^fkhtf \dohtfm Uf`daof


Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 Dtfrbtdhj P pbcf 0=
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =

]`f ^\Ut`bt
fqudpkfjt ds hjf
`bs he t`ft`hrhuc`oy
khst bmvbjafm pdfafs
fjtfrfmhet`f
Dtfrbthr
Ahj-
sfjsus. B mrhjf rhuc`oy s`bpfm odif b edvf-dja`-ohjc
mrbchjeoy ds jht`djc ujusubo. @hwfvfr, t`ds hjf usfs
t`f wdjcs ehr prhpuosdhj bjm stffrdjc, odif bj batubo
mrbchjeoy whuom. Dt abj eoy ehr up th bj `hur hj b
a`brcf bjm dts sfjshrs bjm trbjskdttfrs abj hpfrbtf ehr
b mby. ]`fsf djaoumf b vdmfh abkfrb t`bt whris dj nht`
`dc` bjm ohw odc`t ahjmdtdhjs bjm b s`htcuj kdarh-
p`hjf.
Dt abj eoy up th 1< kp` bjm abj `hvfr. ]`huc` dt
abj nf ahjtrhoofm t`rhuc` bjy ahkputfr wdt` b wdrf-
ofss khmfk, dt ds khst hetfj ahjtrhoofm erhk bj BMFD

hr K\ADdt kby
]`huc` wdt` nf
bjkdstbifj
Dkpobjt ehr^bmdh ehr edjf
b jbturbo ahjtrho.
mrbchjeoy dj
phhr odc`tdjc, ujmfr jhrkbo adraukstbjafs fvfj b abs-
ubo hnsfrvbtdhj wdoo rfvfbo dt th nf tfa`jhohcdabo.

^fkhtf Qfjshrs
]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf 64
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 3
Brft
Brftf7
f7 6
Rudjtfssfjaf7 >6
^fkhtf Qfjshrs brf pobafm dj t`f erbkf he cobssfs he
kfknfrs he Jfw Shrom Hrmfr edfom tfbks. ]`fy cdvf
t`f tfbk ofbmfr t`f bndodty th sff t`rhuc` t`f fyfs he
t`f hpfrbtdvfs t`bt brf nfdjc hvfrsffj bjm dkprhvfs
ahhrmdjbtdhj sdcjdedabjtoy.

^ftdjbo Fjahmdjc Hrcbjdsk (^ftFjaH)


]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf 3<
Brft
Brftf7
f7 =
Rudjtfssfjaf7 ><
]`f ^ftFjaH ds b cfjftdabooy fjcdjffrfm kdarhnf
t`bt nhjms th t`f fyf he b pfrshj dt ds djgfatfm djth bjm
ahbts t`fdr rftdjb. Erhk `frf, bj Brftf rhoo (mdeedauoty
3) mftfrkdjfs de bjyt`djc ds rfahrmfm, bjm de dt ds, dt ds
fjahmfm dj MJB t`bt abj nf ahoofatfm erhk tfbrs bjm

djehrkbtdhj jfafssbry th fstbnods` b rbji > Mbtb ahj-


== Kystda Brkhry
sbodvb ehr bjboysds he b euoo rfahrmdjc he w`bt t`f usfr Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 6
sffs.
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
]`frf ds hjf kbghr sdmf-feefat7 bt shkf phdjt, t`f
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
nbatfrdb swdta` khmfs bjm kutbjt djth nbatfrdb t`bt
batdvfoy fbt t`f fyfs he t`f usfr. Hjaf t`ds phdjt ds ^fbodty ]U ds gust khmfrj cbkf s`hws, bjm gust bs
rfba`fm, t`frf ds jht`djc t`bt abj nf mhjf s`hrt he ehrkuobda bjm nhrdjc bs sardptfm tfofvdsdhj. Qh, Qdj-
rfpobadjc t`f fyfs fjtdrfoy. ]`ds wdoo `bppfj buthkbtd- aobdr Cfheerfy (‟Qdj‛ th `ds erdfjms nfehrf `f arfbtfm

abooy hj b nhta` he t`f Brftf rhoo th rfahrm, nut wdoo t`ds


]U7 Mfvdaf) kbmfahrrfsphjm
dts a`bjjfos b tfofvdsdhjtht`bt
t`fs`hws
`hkfstruf
bjmrfbodty
nusd-
bosh `bppfj fvfjtubooy, s`huom t`f usfr survdvf ohjc
fjhuc`. jfssfs he pfhpof jfbrny, dj b `boe kdof rbmdus. ]`ds abj
nf sfrdhusoy bmmdatdvf, Qdj `dksfoe mdfm wbta`djc t`f
Qahut Mrhjf ]U, ujwdoodjc hr ujbnof th khvf th iffp `dksfoe bodvf.
]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf 5< Dt hjoy rfqudrfs b sdjcof Brftf rhoo (mdeedauoty 5) th batd-
vbtf dt, bjm dt wdoo mdspoby w`bt ds `bppfjdjc fosfw`frf,
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
wdt` abkfrb bjcofs, ‟odc`tdjc,‛ fta. cfjfrbtfm ny t`f
Brft
Brftf7
f7 = ]U dtsfoe. ]`f a`bjjfos t`fksfovfs mh jht kbdjtbdj
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 >< ahjsdstfjt obnfos, bjm de t`f usfr turjs bwby bjm nbai,
wdoo odifoy edjm b mdeefrfjt ‟s`hw.‛ ]`hsf w`h spfjm b
B skboo kfa`bjdabo nuc arfbtfm th bat bs fyfs bjm oht he tdkf dj erhjt he Qdj-]U jffm th kbif Sdoophwfr
fbrs erhk bebr. ]`fy brf qudai, tdjy bjm `brm th spht rhoos th pry t`fksfovfs bwby.
(feefatdvf brabjf he >), t`fy abj trbjskdt t`fdr mbtb up
th t`rff kdofs bwby, bjm ujofss shkfhjf cfts b pbrtdau- Udsdhj Gfwfo
obroy aohsf ohhi bt t`fk, t`fy bppfbr th sdkpoy nf dj- Ehrcfm ny Mrbchj's Edrf pbcf 64
sfats. ]`fy `bvf bj feefatdvf \frafptdhj mdaf phho he =
bjm trbjskdt fvfryt`djc t`fy sff bjm `fbr nbai th t`fdr Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
hwjfr. Brft
Brftf7
f7 >

Q`htcuj Kdarhp`hjf Rudjtfssfjaf7 2<

]fa`jharbay7 Jfw Shrom Hrmfr pbcf 6= B Udsdhj Gfwfo ds b skboo, sp`frdabo cfk, usubooy bj
fkfrbom hr bqubkbrdjf, t`bt abj trbvfo brhujm djmf-
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 6
pfjmfjtoy bjm trbjskdt dts surrhujmdjcs th t`f Kbcf
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1 w`h hwjs dt. Dt abj khvf bt =< kp` hj dts hwj bjm
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26 abj trbvfo bjyw`frf dt abj rfba`. ]`f hwjfr abj jht
hjoy pfrafdvf t`f brfb w`frf t`f Udsdhj Gfwfo ds bs
]`ds kdarhp`hjf ds mfsdcjfm th boohw dt th pdai up t`huc` t`frf, nut abj bosh pfrehrk kbcdai bs t`huc`
shujms erhk b spfadeda spht shkf mdstbjaf bwby, fspf- t`fy wfrf t`frf t`rhuc` t`bt ahrrfsphjmfjaf ahjjfa-
adbooy wdt` t`f hptdhjbo pbrbnhoda bttba`kfjt. Dt abj tdhj. Vjehrtujbtfoy ehr t`f hwjfr, t`fsf Gfwfos brf
rfahrm bumdh erhk b ohabtdhj t`bt ds dj t`f cfjfrbo fbsy th sff (\frafptdhj + Bofrtjfss mdeedauoty 0 w`fj dt's
brfb, t`huc` dt jffm jht `bvf dkkfmdbtf sfjshry ba- trydjc th nf stfbot`y) bjm ahjjfatdhjs ch nht` wbys7
afss. shkfhjf w`h thua`fs t`f gfwfo abj usf dt th tbrcft t`f
Qdj-]U Kbcf. ]`f odji wdt` t`f Gfwfo abj nf nrhifj djstbjtoy,
abusdjc dt th eboo th t`f crhujm, nut dt kust nf rftrdfvfm
]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf 0<
nfehrf t`f Kbcf abj usf dt bcbdj.

Ahujtfrsurvfdoobjaf
Bkhjc t`f Bwbifjfm, survdvbo hetfj mfpfjms hj Shjmfrs `bvf nffj mfvdsfm th kbif t`fdr hwjfrs
jht nfdjc ehujm. ]`us, bj brrby he ahujtfrsurvfdoobjaf `brmfr th edjm, odstfj dj hj, hr iffp
iff p rfahrms hj.

Nbeeofgbai
Djehrkbtdhj =6
Kbcf7 ]`f Bsafjsdhj ><t` Bjjdvfrsbry Fmdtdhj pbcf 561 ]`f Fofatrdabo/Fofatrhjda Qdcjbo Dj`dndtdjc \uosf
Cfjfrbthr kbifs t`f usfr djvdsdnof th fofatrhjdas ny
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 >-5
sarbknodjc bjy sfjshry fqudpkfjt t`bt ds khjdthrdjc
Brft
Brftf7
f7 >-6 t`fk. Dt abj fvfj sarbknof kfkhrdfs he t`hsf w`h
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 2<->6 ohhi bt t`f usfr, t`us cdvdjc ehur phdjts he Brabjf
(w`da` bmm th w`bt kby borfbmy nf t`frf) ehr t`f usfr.
B nbeeofgbai ds b skboo ]bodskbj hr Mfvdaf, usubooy dj
Hjodjf, dt bats euooy bs bj djvdsdndodty edfom.
t`f ehrk he gfwfory, aoht`djc, baafsshrdfs, fta., t`bt
kbifs dt `brmfr ehr t`f `homfr th nf survfdoofm. ]`fy Dbch's Kbsi
ahjtbdj b Ehrafs > feefat t`bt sarbknofs odc`t, shujm
Bsafjsdhj pbcf 53
bjm fofatrdadty t`bt djtfrbats wdt` t`f wfbrfr bjm b
Kdjm > feefat t`bt nours pfrafptdhjs. ]`ds eujatdhjs bs Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 2<
b tfkphrbry Brabjf nbaicrhujm ehr t`f wfbrfr. Ehr B Crffi eujfrbo kbsi wdt` b ghyofss skdof kbmf he
fba` suaafss hj t`f ]bodskbj —s Brftf, mdeedauoty 3, bjy- wfbt`frfm nrhjzf wdt` b nobai sdoi ahrm. Dt ahjafbos t`f
t`f
hjf beefatfm ny t`f Kdjm sp`frf sueefrs b -2 th \frafp- wfbrfr—s dmfjtdty bjm abusfs brabjf ahjjfatdhjs (ht`fr
tdhj rhoos thwbrms t`f wfbrfr. t`bj th b ]bodskbj hr Ebkdodbr) th t`f wfbrfr th ebdo.
Ehr fba` mht he t`f nbeeofgbai, dt prhvdmfs hjf he Fvfj t`f wfbrfr—s ^fshjbjaf bjm Qyjfrcy brf `dmmfj
fofatrhjda, odc`t, shujm hr kfjtbo mbkpfjdjc. Fba` erhk mftfatdhj. ]`fsf feefats whri rftrhbatdvfoy, sh
phdjt he qudjtfssfjaf abj eufo t`f feefats ehr bj `hur. ohjc bs t`f kbsi ds whrj, t`huc` t`fy abj nf turjfm
Qfjsdtdvf sfaurdty zhjfs ehr t`f ]fa`jharbay abj mftfat hee ehr b turj t`rhuc` b kfjtbo ahkkbjm. Dt ds cfjfr-
b nbeeofgbai wdt` suaafss hj edvf mdaf bt mdeedauoty edvf, booy whrj ny t`f ofbmfr he t`f Chomfj A`bodaf sfat he
nut brf thh fxpfjsdvf th put dj khst pobafs. t`f Fut`bjbthd.

Ahkkujdabtdhjs Gbkkfr Qpbaf Gbk


Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 Jfw Shrom Hrmfr pbcf 0< Mrbchj—s Edrf pbcf >1
Ehrcfm ny Mrbchj—s

Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 = Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =

Brft
Brftf7
f7 > ]`ds wrdst ujdt nohais hut boo sbtfoodtf survfdoobjaf
wdt`dj b 2<-ehht rbmdus. Nfst he boo, t`f djtfrefrfjaf dt
Rudjtfssfjaf7 2< prhmuafs ds jhrkbo fjhuc` t`bt dt mhfsj—t sfjm up rfm
B skboo nobai nhx t`bt ds t`f whrst jdc`tkbrf he eobcs t`bt aohbidjc ds nfdjc mhjf.
kbjy dj t`f khmfrj, ahjjfatfm shadfty. Dt abj s`ut
mhwj boo rbmdh bjm afoouobr ahkkujdabtdhj dj t`f ]bodskbj he t`f Kbsi
dkkfmdbtf brfb. Ny spfjmdjc t`rff Rudjtfssfjaf Nhhi he Arbets pbcf =1
phdjts, dt abj ery C\Q, `brm mrdvfs bjm jbv systfks hr
cfjfrbooy bjyt`djc t`bt usfs fofatrdadty. Ehr bj bmmd- Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
tdhjbo phdjt, dt abj fvfj ehraf Shjmfrs th nf rfstbrtfm. Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
F/F, \frshjbo Aohbidjc Mfvdaf
Hjf he t`f nfst mfefjsfs bcbdjst mdsahvfry t`f Qhoded-
]fa`jhkbjafr's ]hynhx pbcf 2=
abtd `bvf prhmuafm, t`ds ]bodskbj tbifs t`f ehrk he b
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 = ahdj whrj brhujm t`f jfai. S`fj wfbrdjc dt, Kdjm
Brft
Brftf7
f7 > kbcdai wdoo jht rfvfbo t`fk bs bjyt`djc ht`fr t`bj b
Qoffpfr. ]`fy abj bosh usf dt th abusf t`fk th bppfbr
Rudjtfssfjaf7 2< mdeefrfjtoy t`rhuc` b kdjhr doousdhj.

Mdvdjbtdhj
]`f bndodty th prfmdat t`f euturf hetfj mfrdvfs erhk boohw ehrfsdc`t (hr bt ofbst, sffdjc prhnbnof euturfs) hr
rfahcjdzdjc pbttfrjs. ]`fsf Shjmfrs fdt`fr mdrfatoy fosf dkprhvf t`f Kbcf—s bndodty th pfrafdvf t`f `dmmfj

=5 Kystda Brkhry
pbttfrjs t`bt ujmfroy fvfryt`djc, bjm t`us abj ujmfr- Mrbchj—s Edrf pbcf >4
Ehrcfm ny Mrbchj—s
stbjm w`bt ds chdjc th `bppfj bjm fvfj w`y.
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
Mdvdjdjc Qtbee Hjf tbn ohhis odif b yfoohwfm pdfaf he pbpfr wdt` t`f
Mfbm Kbcda pbcf 12 juknfrs 2, 4, 3, 1 dj t`f ahrjfrs. \ut ujmfr t`f
thjcuf ehr t`ds mruc th tbif feefat, dt `dts bnhut 1<
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
kdjutfs obtfr wdt` `boouadjbtdhjs. Bnhut b `boe `hur
B ohjc rhm wdt` twh aurvdjc, hvfrobppdjc spdrfs, b obtfr, t`f pbttfrjs dj t`f `boouadjbtdhjs rfvfbo b kua`
prdfst abj usf t`f Mdvdjdjc Qtbee th ohabtf t`f pfrshj dj obrcfr pbttfrj. Sdt`dj bj `hur, t`f Kbcf—s sfjsfs fx-
t`f ahkkujdty rfsphjsdnof ehr w`btfvfr fvdo `bs nf- tfjm barhss t`f fjtdrf whrom, bjm ujmfrstbjm pbttfrjs
eboofj dt, fvfj de t`fy mh jht rfbodzf dt hr ahjsdmfr t`fdr wdt`dj pbttfrjs wdt`dj pbttfrjs. ]`fj, t`fy abj ehaus
batdhjs fvdo. hj t`f pbttfrjs rfofvbjt th t`fdr hwj sdtubtdhj, bjm
t`fy nfahkf aofbr bjm abj nf rfahrmfm (ny t`fk hr ny
Mhchj Mdvdjbtdhj Nhwo shkfhjf fosf tbidjc jhtfs). Dt ds dkphrtbjt th iffp b
Mfbm Kbcda pbcf 12 rfahrm, bs t`fsf djsdc`ts brf boo chjf w`fj t`f trdp fjms
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 > betfr b thtbo he sdx th fdc`t `hurs. ]`f usfr tbifs hjf
Nbs`djc mbkbcf bjm, ehr t`f jfxt mby, sueefrs b +2
B nhwo bmhrjfm wdt` abrvdjcs he bjdkbos bjm usfm bs
pfjboty th t`f mdeedauoty he boo Kfjtbo rhoos.
b sthrbcf ohabtdhj ehr mdvdjbtdhj thhos. S`fj abrfm ehr
prhpfroy bjm nofssfm, dt cdvfs b -2 mdeedauoty th mdvdjb- Djehrk-b-Udsdhj
tdhj usdjc t`f thhos sthrfm wdt`dj dt. Mrbchj—s Edrf pbcf 13
Ehrcfm ny Mrbchj—s
CHMQ\DJ Nohttfr Badm Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =

Djehrkbtdhj =3
Cjhsds7 0 Brft
Brftf7
f7 =

B tfofvdsdhj sft hr ahkputfr khjdthr wdt` bj dj- Rudjtfssfjaf7 ><


ehrkbtdhj spdrdt nhujm djth dt. ]`ds spdrdt wdoo mh Kbmf erhk iuiud juts bjm ahahjut ofbvfs, t`ds thra`
w`btfvfr dt abj th rftrdfvf rfqufstfm djehrkbtdhj ehr cdvfs hee b skhifofss, yfoohw odc`t w`fj nurjfm. S`fj
t`f Kbcf, t`huc` t`f efwfr pfhpof w`h ijhw t`f dt ds odt dj t`f prfsfjaf he b kua` obrcfr edrf, dt trdccfrs
t`djc dt ds ohhidjc ehr, t`f `brmfr dt ds th cft dt. b Ehrafs >/]dkf > feefat, s`hwdjc dkbcfs he t`f pbst
hr euturf dj t`f eobkfs.
Djehrkbtdhj Mdeedauoty
Cfjfrbooy bvbdobnof 1
\rhp`ftda Qiuoo
@brm th edjm 5
Mfbm Kbcda > pbcf 2>=
Jht hj bj Djtfrjft-ahjjfatfm ahkputfr 3
Ijhwj hjoy th b efw 4 Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =

Kbmbk Pbjbmu's Boo-Qffdjc Ehrtujf Kba`djf ]`f `fbm he b eboofj erdfjm hr b mfefbtfm ehf abj nf b
phtfjt kbcdaibo hngfat, bjm dj bjadfjt Nrdtbdj bjm
Mrbchj—s Edrf pbcf >>
Ehrcfm ny Mrbchj—s
Cbuo, t`fy wfrf usfm ehr mdvdjbtdhj. ]`fy abj nf bsifm
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 = yfs hr jh qufstdhjs bnhut t`f pbst hr euturf, bjm b
Ehr t`f ahst he b ahdj bjm bj Brftf rhoo (mdeedauoty 5), ‟yfs‛ ds mfodvfrfm ny t`f nhx dt ds dj nfahkdjc odc`tfr, b
b Kbcf abj usf t`ds aohaiwhri ehrtujf-tfoofr th cft b ‟jh‛ ny dt nfahkdjc `fbvdfr. B wbrjdjc7 t`f `fbm, de
s`hrt, fjdckbtda ndt he bmvdaf. Dt bsis t`f Kbcf th t`dji t`fdr pfrshjbodty mhfs jht kbta` wfoo wdt` t`f qufs-
mffpoy hj dts prhnofk, bjm t`fj b 2<-whrm p`rbsf wdoo tdhjfr, `bvf nffj ijhwj th odf.

nf prdjtfm hj b tdaift bjm ahkf hut t`rhuc` t`f soht. Qbarfm Nuoo`dmf
]`f bmvdaf ds shkftdkfs spfadeda, t`huc`, `bvdjc cdvfj
jbkfs, bmmrfssfs, tfofp`hjf juknfrs, bjm fvfj haab- Mfbm Kbcda > pbcf 21<
sdhjbooy khjfy, th mfspfrbtf qufrfjts. Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =

\fof's Obkbiu ]`f `dmf he b nuoo nfodfvfm th nf sbarfm ny Cfrkbjda


trdnfs, t`hsf w`h soffp ujmfr dt `bvf prhp`ftda mrfbks,
Nhhi he Arbets pbcf 36
t`huc` bs wdt` boo prhp`ftda mrfbks, t`fy brf hetfj
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5 mdeedauot th djtfrprft ujtdo dt ds thh obtf.

Qupfrjbturbo \frafptdhj
\frafdvdjc t`djcs t`bt ht`frs abj—t ds t`f khst ahk- Hrmfr he ^fbshj pbcf 213
khj wby ehr Kbcfs th baqudrf djehrkbtdhj. ]`f sdk- Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 1
pofst tfa`jdqufs brf bvbdobnof th fvfj t`f jfwfst bp- Brft
Brftf7
f7 >
prfjtdaf. Qhkftdkfs, t`huc`, t`hsf pfrafptdhjs jffm
th nf s`brfm wdt` shkfhjf w`h abj—t mh dt, hr khrf Rudjtfssfjaf7 2<
bmvbjafm tfa`jdqufs brf jffmfm. Bjm ehr t`bt, t`frf Bj fbr trukpft t`bt rfprhmuafs t`f rhtf he t`f sbkf
brf Shjmfrs. jbkf. Dt boohws t`f usfr th rhoo Brftf (mdeedauoty =) th
boohw t`fk th pdai up bumdh t`bt whuom jhrkbooy nf
Boofy Q`bmfs thh ebdjt hr ebr bwby.
]fa`jharbay7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcfs =0
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 >
Crffj Mhkf Kbjbr
]fa`jharbay7 Jfw Shrom Hrmfr pbcf 66
Qujcobssfs spfadbooy trfbtfm th boohw t`f wfbrfr th usf
b Odef 2/Ahrrfsphjmfjaf 2 feefat th ofbrj t`f bpprhx- Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 6
dkbtf ohabtdhj bjm khvfkfjt he fvfry odefehrk dj t`f Brft
Brftf7
f7 =

brfb brhujm t`fk. Rudjtfssfjaf7 ><


Fbr he Mdhjysus
=0 Kystda Brkhry
Djstboobnof dj b sbef`husf, t`f Crffj Mhkf Kbjbr ds Hrmfr he ^fbshj pbcf 213
abpbnof he mftfatdjc kbcdai bjyw`frf dj b adty wdt` bj
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 >
Brftf rhoo bt mdeedauoty 3.
Brft
Brftf7
f7 2
@fok he @fdkmboo Rudjtfssfjaf7 6
Brtdsbj—s @bjmnhhi pbcf 06
S`fj usfm th sfbra` b ardkf safjf, b Kbcjdeydjc
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 6 Cobss `fops edjm bjm fxpobdj aoufs. B sdjcof suaafss hj
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1 b \frafptdhj + Djvfstdcbtdhj rhoo rfvfbos b aouf, t`rff
cofbjs b ebat erhk t`f aouf bjm edvf pdfafs thcft`fr
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
shkf bspfat he t`f ardkdjbo's bppfbrbjaf. Fba` rhoo
Dt bppfbrs th nf t`f `fokft erhk w`bt ds afrtbdjoy ahsts hjf Rudjtfssfjaf bjm dt abj hjoy nf usfm hjaf
hvfrprdafm bjm ujjfafssbrdoy hrjbtf thurjbkfjt br- pfr ohabtdhj.
khr. @hwfvfr, dt ds batubooy djtfjmfm ehr bj brtdoofry
abptbdj. Djsdmf he t`f vdshr brf arystbos bjm cfks br- Kbjbr Qabjjfr
rbyfm djth ofjsfs, ahjtrhoofm ny kbjdpuobtdjc shkf he Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 Jfw Shrom Hrmfr pbcf 02
t`f hrjbtf ndts hj t`f `fokft. ]`f @fok boohws t`f
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 1 hr =
wfbrfr th pfrafdvf bjy hngfat, rfcbrmofss he mdstbjaf, dj
dts fjtdrfty. Eurt`frkhrf, dt boohws t`f wfbrfr th aboau- Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
obtf dts wfbijfssfs bjm strfjct`s. ]`ds ds pbrtdauobroy Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
usfeuo w`fj ohhidjc bt b ehrtrfss hr ht`fr mfefjsdvf
Hj t`f hutsdmf, dt—s b rbmbr sabjjfr. Hj t`f djsdmf,
phsdtdhj. t`huc`, dt—s kua` khrf ahkpofx bjm djstfbm ohabtfs
Ohhidjc Cobss ahjafjtrbtdhjs he Rudjtfssfjaf a`brbatfrdstda he kbc-
dai, pdaidjc hut Kbcfs bjm Shjmfrs. Ehr bj fxtrb ahst
]rbmdtdhj Nhhi7 @hoohw Hjfs (^fvdsfm) pbcf 50
he twh nbaicrhujm phdjts, dt abj fvfj mftfrkdjf de b
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 = pfrshj ds phssfssfm hr ht`fr sdkdobr djeoufjafs.
B skboo, pobdj, nrbss kbif-up ahkpbat. Bsdmf erhk
dts kujmbjf usf, dt abj bosh nf usfm th sary bjy ohab-
]`f Kdrrhr he \fjt`fsdofb
tdhj wdt`dj b kdof rbmdus ny ohhidjc djth t`f djtfrjbo Nhhi he Arbets pbcf 04
kdrrhr. Brft
Brftf7
f7 5

Oyabjt`rhsahpf Rudjtfssfjaf7 1<


Nhhi he Q`bmhws pbcf 2=4 B skboo, whhmfj `bjm kdrrhr, t`f Kdrrhr he \fjt`f-
sdofb s`hws t`f djjfr stbtf he b whkbj ohhidjc dj dt,
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
rfcbrmofss he `hw t`fy ohhi jhrkbooy. Djjfr nfbuty bjm
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1 wdaifmjfss brf t`f t`djc t`bt s`djf t`rhuc`.
t`rhuc`.
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
Hrndtbo Kbjbr Qtbtdhj
B ebdroy ahkkhj ohhidjc kftfr-rfbmfr, t`f kftfr hj
]fa`jharbay7 Jfw Shrom Hrmfr pbcf 66
t`f nhx s`hws `dc`fr juknfrs w`fj phdjtdjc dj t`f
mdrfatdhj he b wfrfwhoe. B jffmof djmdabtfs djtfjsdty Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
bjm b odc`t eobs`fs w`fj t`f sadfjtdst usdjc dt cfts thh Brft
Brftf7
f7 6
aohsf th b wfrfwhoe. Ubrdbjts abj nf ehujm t`bt mftfat
Rudjtfssfjaf7 >6
vbkpdrfs, wrbdt`s, t`f ebf bjm ht`fr shrts he supfrjbt-
urbo arfbturf. Abpbnof he mftfatdjc kbcdai dj t`f crfbtfr kftrhpho-
dtbj brfb he b adty, t`f Hrndtbo Kbjbr Qtbtdhj ds ujodif-
]`ds mfvdaf crbjts t`f usfr +> mdaf hj bjy \frafp-
oy th mdrfatoy nf hwjfm ny bjy djmdvdmubo a`brbatfr,
tdhj + Bwbrfjfss rhoo th mftfat b wfrfwhoe.
t`huc` rfqufsts abj nf kbmf he dt.
Kbcjdeydjc Cobss \hrtbnof Kbjbr
Djehrkbtdhj =4
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 Jfw Shrom Hrmfr pbcf 0<
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 >
Brft
Brftf7
f7 2

Rudjtfssfjaf7 6
Kbjbr, hr ‟Kbcdaibo ^bmbr‛ bs dt ds shkftdkfs
aboofm, mftfats kbcdaibo fjfrcdfs bjm ^fbodty Mfvdbjts.
B rhoo ds hjoy jfafssbry de t`f kbcdai ds nfdjc ahj-
afbofm, ht`frwdsf t`f 3‛ tbnoft abj cdvf b mdrfatdhj bjm
mdstbjaf th t`f shuraf, up th bnhut 1<—, bjm ahjedrkb-
tdhj he fxbat ohabtdhj vdb t`f djtfrjbo abkfrb. \hsdtdvfs
brf fvfj buthkbtdabooy sfjt th ahjtrho bs b sfaurdty
efbturf, t`huc` shkf Bkbocbks wdoo turj t`fk hee
nfehrf b nbttof, hetfj th bvhdm mftfatdhj he t`fdr hwj
batdvdtdfs.

\rhthaho Nffpfr
]fa`jharbay7 Uhdm Fjcdjffrs pbcf 62
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 6
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
B usfeuo thho ehr Uhdm Fjcdjffrs t`bt spfjm b oht he
tdkf hutsdmf he t`f stbjmbrm Ahjsfjsus, t`f \rhthaho
Nffpfr sabjs t`f brfb ehr Qoffpfrs bjm nffps de t`fy'rf
prfsfjt nfehrf b \rhafmurf ds usfm. ]`ds feefat rhoos t`f
Nffpfr's Brftf bt mdeedauoty 6, bjm dt nffps hj b sdjcof
suaafss.

Qfjshr Cobssfs
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 Dtfrbtdhj P pbcf 0=

Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 >


Bot`huc` t`fy ahjtbdj nht` b wdrfofss vdmfh
vdmf h abkfrb
bjm kdarhp`hjf abpbnof he pdaidjc up sunvhabodzfm
spffa` erhk t`f wfbrfr, t`fsf ohhi gust odif fxpfjsdvf
sujcobssfs. ]`f ofjsfs bosh `bvf mdspoby sarffjs w`da`
boohw t`fk th eujatdhj bs U^ sarffj bs wfoo bs th sff
w`bt bjht`fr pbdr he sfjshr cobssfs mhfs.
m hfs. ]`frf ds
d s fvfj
b spodt sarffj eujatdhj, edvf wbys sh t`bt t`f wfbrfr abj
iffp trbai he t`fdr surrhujmdjcs bs wfoo bs sffdjc t`f
vdfw erhk ehur ht`fr pbdrs he cobssfs.

Qpy-Cobss
Brtdsbj—s @bjmnhhi pbcf 04

Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 >


]fa`jharbay7 Jfw Shrom Hrmfr pbcf 6=
6< Kystda Brkhry
Qhkfw`bt ofss dkprfssdvf dj khmfrj jdc`ts, dj t`f
Mbri Ebjtbstdai, Qoffpfrs mdmj—t `bvf baafss th spy-
cobssfs hr tfofsahpfs. Ehrtujbtfoy, Arbetkbshjs wfrf
bnof th arfbtf nfttfr ofjsfs bjm ba`dfvf 2<x kbcjdedab- ]rut`-Qffdjc Qthjf
tdhj dj b phaift thh, 2<<x dj b `fbvy djstrukfjt t`bt Brtdsbj—s @bjmnhhi pbcf 04
rfqudrfs khujtdjc hj b s`dp bjm jfbroy 2<<<x ehr
stbtdhjbry hnsfrvbthrdfs. Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 >

]fofpbt`y Qpfas Brftf7


Brftf7 2
Rudjtfssfjaf7 6
]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf 13
B cfk aut baahrmdjc th t`f obws he sbarfm cfhkftry
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
bjm bttujfm th b spfadeda sp`frf bjm pfrafptdhj feefat
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1 ehr t`bt sp`frf. Dt t`fj cdvfs baafss th t`bt pfrafptdhj
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26 feefat ny ohhidjc t`rhuc` t`f cfk. Fba` usf ahsts hjf
Rudjtfssfjaf bjm w`fj dt rujs hut, t`f Qthjf nfahkfs
]`huc` t`fy hjoy whri ehr a`domrfj bjm t`f sdkdobr- aohumy bjm hpbquf ujtdo rfa`brcfm.
oy hpfj-kdjmfm, t`fsf pobstda cobssfs boohw t`f wfbrfr
th sff b vdsubo rfprfsfjtbtdhj he t`f strhjcfst surebaf Vjsthppbnof Ndjhauobrs
t`huc`ts t`fy `bvf, jht`djc mffp hr sfarft, t`huc`. Cudmf th t`f ]fa`jharbay pbcf >24
]dkf-Mdvdmfr Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 1

Brtdsbj—s @bjmnhhi pbcf 04 Brftf7


Brftf7 >
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 > Rudjtfssfjaf7 2<
B edst sdzfm kfa`bjdsk dj b nrbss absf, t`ds ds bj fx- Ndjhauobrs t`bt abj sff t`rhuc` wboos, hjf he t`f
trfkfoy baaurbtf aohai. @hwfvfr, dt mhfsj—t `bvf b nfst survfdoobjaf mfvdafs t`f Kfj dj Nobai `bvf mfvfo-
aohai ebaf bs khmfrj usfrs whuom nf baausthkfm th, hpfm.
nut rbt`fr shkft`djc khrf ujdquf bjm fba` hjf wdoo
nf mdeefrfjt. Uf`dauobr Kbjbr
]fa`jharbay7 Jfw Shrom Hrmfr pbcf 6=
]rus`bmfs
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
Kbcf7 ]`f Bsafjsdhj ><t` Bjjdvfrsbry Fmdtdhj pbcf 561
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 >-5
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
\ut hut ny Crffr Obnhrbthrdfs (b ghdjt Ft`frdtf, Fa-

stbtda bjm Udrtubo Bmfpt crhup), t`fsf brf cobssfs hr Bppfbrdjc


kbcdai bs b he
dj bj brfb rbmbr sahpf, dts abpbnof
bpprhxdkbtfoy he mftfatdjc
b adty nohai wdt` bj
chccofs wdt` up th t`rff pfrafptdhj feefats nudot djth
t`fk. ]`frf brf kbjy vbrdftdfs jht mdrfatoy erhk t`fk Brftf rhoo bt mdeedauoty 5.
wdt` khrf cfjfrda jbkfs, nut t`fdrs `bs nfahkf t`f
stbjmbrm. P-^by Cobssfs
Kbcf7 ]`f Bsafjsdhj (2st Fmdtdhj) pbcf >4=
]`f 2-1 feefats nudot dj abj nf bjy rbji 2 vdsubo pfr-
afptdhj Feefat. ]`fsf brf usubooy batdvbtfm ny b thua` Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 >
(nutthj) hr bj batdvbtdhj whrm. Bjyhjf w`h bttfkpts ]`f wfbrfr a`hhsfs b \bttfrj t`bt t`fy wds` th sff
th usf t`rff sua` feefats thcft`fr sueefrs -> th \frafp- bjm b Ahrrfsphjmfjaf, Odef bjm Kbttfr feefat edotfrs boo
tdhj rhoos bjm fjms up wdt` b jbsty `fbmba`f. ht`fr \bttfrjs hut, sh t`fy abj hjoy sff dt.

Djehrkbtdhj 62
6> Kystda Brkhry
Djtfrjbo

Khst Shjmfrs brf hngfats t`bt b a`brbatfr abj phs- bnof th tbif b tbtthh bwby, fdt`fr t`rhuc` Kbttfr/Odef
sfss bjm hwj, t`bt t`fy abj abrry brhujm wdt` t`fk. kbcdai th tbif t`f tbtthh dtsfoe hr t`rhuc` tbidjc t`f
Vjehrtujbtfoy, t`ds kfbjs t`bt t`fy abj nf sthofj bs sidj).
wfoo. ]`ds ds b afrtbdj odbndodty7 b oht he feehrt chfs djth ]`ds a`bptfr ds mdvdmfm djth t`rff sfatdhjs. ]`f edrst
arfbtdjc bjm baqudrdjc Shjmfrs, bjm de yhur fjfkdfs ahvfrs Ndhkhms w`da` djaoumf cfjftda khmdedabtdhj
abj gust stfbo t`fk, t`fj t`bt—s b prhnofk. bjm xfjhcrbets bjm brf cfjfrbooy prhmuafm ny t`f \rh-
Qh shkf Kbcfs arfbtf Shjmfrs t`bt abjjht nf rf- cfjdthrs, t`f sfahjm brf Nofssdjcs , t`f kystdabo bp-
khvfm. Khst ahkkhjoy arfbtfm ny t`f ]fa`jharbay, prhba` th djtfrjbo Shjmfrs, bjm t`drm brf Fj`bjaf-
kystda Kbcfs bosh arfbtf t`fk, usubooy dj t`f ehrk he kfjts pdhjffrfm ny Dtfrbtdhj P t`bt turj t`f usfr djth
tbtthhs (t`huc` b sudtbnoy mftfrkdjfm fjfky kby nf b aynhrc.

Ndhkhms
Cfjfrbooy arfbtfm ny t`f \rhcfjdthrs, ndhkhms brf Ny nfjmdjc odc`t bjm shujm, t`f a`brbatfr cbdjs b
bjy tfa`jhohcdabo buckfjtbtdhj he b pfrshj t`bt odkdtfm sdofjaf bjm ahjafbokfjt feefat w`dof khvdjc
a`bjcfs t`fdr ndhohcy. Vsubooy t`ds tbifs t`f ehrk he djth phsdtdhj hr feefatdjc b qudai fsabpf. Fba` suaafss
cfjftda fjcdjffrdjc, xfjhcrbetdjc, fta., t`huc` t`frf hj bj Fjodc`tfjkfjt rhoo prhvdmfs +2 mdeedauoty th boo
brf b efw khrf nbsda p`ysdabo tfa`jdqufs. \frafptdhj feefats (nbsfm hj vdsdhj hr `fbrdjc) th edjm
t`f aynhrc hr cdvfs b -2 mdeedauoty th b Qtfbot` rhoo (hjf
Ndh-Aohbidjc hr t`f ht`fr, abjjht kdx t`f twh). ]`ds ahsts 2 Rudj-
Kbcf7 ]`f Bsafjsdhj ><t` Bjjdvfrsbry Fmdtdhj pbcf 564 tfssfjaf pfr turj.
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
Nhjf Qpurs
Brft
Brftf7
f7 = Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcf 54
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 ><
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1

Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
]`f ndhkhm cdvfs t`f hwjfr fxphsfm ndts he nhjf,
jh khrf t`bj bj dja` dj ofjct`. Vsubooy, t`fy abj nf
fxtfjmfm hr rftrbatfm bt wdoo. ]`fsf nhjf spurs mh
mbkbcf bt Qtrfjct` + 2 Oft`bo mbkbcf, bjm w`fj bjy
bttbaifm kbifs p`ysdabo ahjtbat, t`f Qadfjtdst rhoos
Qtbkdjb + Qurvdvbo bjm hj b suaafss abusfs 2 Oft`bo
mbkbcf.

A`dtdj
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcf 32
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
]`ds dkpobjt abj rfeofxdvfoy spfjm b phdjt he Rudj-
tfssfjaf th rfmuaf hjf bttbai erhk Oft`bo mbkbcf th
Nbs`djc. De ^fgfatfm, t`f eofs` ds rbw bjm nrdttof, bjm bs
ohjc bs Bccrbvbtfm mbkbcf rfkbdjs, t`f brfb t`bt ds
mbkbcfm abjjht shbi bt boo.

Mfvdbjt's @fbrt
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcf 3>
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 2<
Brft
Brftf7
f7 6
Rudjtfssfjaf7 >6
Qtdoo shkfw`bt fxpfrdkfjtbo, t`ds khm trbjspobjts
t`f `fbrt he b Sfrfwhoe djth t`f Qadfjtdst. Rudjtfs-
sfjaf kby nf spfjt hj7
• Bmmdtdhjbo batdhjs t`bt `brk
`brk shkfhjf
• Quaafssfs hj Qtrfjct` rhoos
• @fbo twh nbs`djc hr hjf Oft`bo mbkbcf
]`f juknfr he Rudjtfssfjaf t`bt kby nf spfjt t`ds
wby pfr turj ds odkdtfm ny t`f skboofr he Cfjd-
us/Bvbtbr hr Mfxtfrdty. S`fjfvfr t`fy mh t`ds, `hw-
fvfr, t`fy kust rhoo Sdoophwfr (mdeedauoty 0) th bvhdm b
rbcf abusdjc t`fk th try th kurmfr fvfryt`djc dj sdc`t.
De t`fy eboo djth t`ds rbcf, boo \`ysdabo bttrdnutfs djarfbsf
ny hjf bjm b Sdoophwfr phdjt kby nf spfjt th cbdj b
turj he ouadmdty. ]`ds ahjtdjufs ujtdo t`f @fbrt rujs
hut he Rudjtfssfjaf hr t`f Qadfjtdst ds rfjmfrfm uj-

ahjsadhus.
bs b `fbrt ^fgfatdhj ehr t`fVjtdo
ds b vdtbo hrcbj. @fbrtt`f
ds pbrtdauobroy
^fgfatdhj dsnbm,
rf-

Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
6= Kystda Brkhry
pbdrfm, t`f Qadfjtdst tbifs hjf Bccrbvbtfm mbkbcf pfr Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 >
turj. Bj bcfjt wdt` t`ds ndhkhm abj rfbrrbjcf t`fdr ebaf
Mdstbjaf Udsdhj kua` khrf fbsdoy. Jht qudtf prfadsf fjhuc` th kdkda
shkfhjf fosf—s dmfjtdty, nut dt abusfs b +> th t`f mdeed-
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcf 3<
auoty th sff t`rhuc` t`f mdscudsf betfr b surcfry, bjm
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 6 fvfj wdt`hut surcfry `bs b -1 mdeedauoty th rfkbdj uj-
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1 rfahcjdzfm.

Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26 Ehht \bms
]`ds ndhkhm cdvfs t`f Qadfjtdst zhhk vdsdhj bjm Cudmf th t`f ]fa`jharbay pbcf >1<
fvfj t`f bndodty th sff t`rhuc` shodm hngfats. Sdt` jh Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 >
hnstruatdhjs, t`fdr vdsubo rbjcf djarfbsfs th b euoo kdof
wdt` fvfryt`djc ohhidjc bs t`huc` dtd t ds rdc`t dj erhjt he S`fj nbrfehht, bj bcfjt wdt` Ehht \bms abj khvf
t`fk. Ny spfjmdjc b phdjt he qudjtfssfjaf, t`fy abj sdofjtoy bjm khrf stbnoy (mfarfbsfm mdeedauoty hj Qtfbot`
sff t`rhuc` shodm hngfats ehr hjf turj. bjm Bt`oftdas rhoos) bs wfoo bs dcjhrf kbjy `bzbrmhus
surebafs, sua` bs nrhifj cobss, `ht ahbos, hr daf.
Fj`bjafm \`frhkhjfs
Cdoos
Cudmf th t`f ]fa`jharbay pbcf >1<
Cudmf th t`f ]fa`jharbay pbcf >1<
Kbcf7 ]`f Bsafjsdhj ><t` Bjjdvfrsbry Fmdtdhj pbcf 55<
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 Ubrdbnof
]`f Bcfjt ds cdvfj cdoos. ]`fsf brf hnvdhus, nut t`fy
]`ds ndhkhm kbifs t`f rfadpdfjt khrf abpbnof dj boohw ahkehrtbnof ujmfrwbtfr nrfbt`djc ehr t`f usfr.
shadbo sdtubtdhjs7 erhk sfmuatdhj th djtdkdmbtdhj. Ehr
fba` nbaicrhujm phdjt spfjt, t`f a`brbatfr cbdjs twh Djerbvdsdhj ^fafpthrs
mdaf ehr b aobss he Qhadbo mdaf phhos, de t`fy `bvf t`f Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcf 3<
hpphrtujdty th oft t`f p`frhkhjfs mh t`fdr whri. Dj
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 1
pbrtdauobr, t`huc` t`f a`brbatfr mhfsj —t cbdj bjy ]bo-
fjts hr Qidoos t`fy mhj—t borfbmy `bvf, t`fsf abj nf Brft
Brftf7
f7 >
usfm th nhhst Ftdqufttf, Fxprfssdhj, Djtdkdmbtdhj, Rudjtfssfjaf7 2<
Ofbmfrs`dp, Qtyof, Quntfreucf hr Qfmuatdhj, bkhjc
ht`fr t`djcs. Bt b ahst he hjf Rudjtfssfjaf, t`ds ndhkhm boohws
t`f usfr th sff `fbt sdcjbturfs djstfbm he vdsubo odc`t.
Fjvdrhjkfjtbo
Fjvdrhjkfjtbo Qustbdjbndodty Bmgustkfjt ]`ds boohws nfttfr vdsdhj dj t`f mbri, pbrtdauobroy he
Cudmf th t`f ]fa`jharbay pbcf >1< odvdjc arfbturfs. ]`us, rhoos th sff shkft`djc dj t`f
mbri brf bt -1 mdeedauoty, bjm w`fj trydjc th sff supfr-
Kbcf7 ]`f Bsafjsdhj ><t` Bjjdvfrsbry Fmdtdhj pbcf 55< jbturbooy `dmmfj hngfats, t`f ndhkhm —s Brftf ds bmmfm
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 1 th t`f \frafptdhj mdaf phho. @hwfvfr, t`frf ds b +1
]`ds ndhkhm boohws t`f rfadpdfjt th survdvf dj shkf mdeedauoty th sff t`djcs t`bt hpfrbtf bt rhhk tfkpfrb-
spfadeda fxtrfkf fjvdrhjkfjt, wfbt`fr `fbt hr ahom, turf (sua` bs Ubkpdrfs).
`dc` hr ohw prfssurf, ujmfrwbtfr hr mffp-spbaf. Eur- Jbjhtfa` Kfmda`djfs
t`frkhrf, mhunof stbkdjb bcbdjst mbkbcf erhk t`f
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 Dtfrbtdhj P pbcf 35
a`hsfj fjvdrhjkfjtbo `bzbrm7 edrf ehr `fbt-bmbptbtdhj,
vbauuk ehr spbaf, fta. Vjmfr shkf sdtubtdhjs, t`ds abj Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
nfahkf vuocbr (survdvdjc b juaofbr nobst, ehr fxbkpof!) Qpfadbo kfmdabo jbjdtfs t`bt brf djgfatfm djth t`f
nohhmstrfbk he shkfhjf w`h ds djgurfm. ]`fsf nhhst
Ebadbo ^fahjstruatdh
^fahjstruatdhj
j
`fbodjc, bjm hjoy ehr t`f prf-mftfrkdjfm djmdvdmubo
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcf 54 t`fy—vf nffj fjcdjffrfm ehr. Bjyhjf wdt` t`fsf
Kbcf7 ]`f Bsafjsdhj ><t` Bjjdvfrsbry Fmdtdhj pbcf 552 jbjdtfs rhoos Brftf (mdeedauoty 5) w`fjfvfr t`fy brf

Djtfrjbo 66
djgurfm. De suaafsseuo, oft`bo bjm Nbs`djc mbkbcf ds Qtrfjct`, Qtbkdjb, Mfxtfrdty, Bppfbrbjaf, \frafptdhj
`fbofm bt edvf tdkfs t`f usubo rbtf, w`frfbs ebdourf hr @fbot` th nf djarfbsfm bnhvf `ukbj odkdts. Cf-
abusfs t`f jbjdtfs th ebdo th rfcdstfr t`f whujm bjm jfcdjffrdjc bjm Aynfrjftda vfrsdhjs abj bosh dkprhvf
dcjhrf dt. Bt t`f ahst he b phdjt he Rudjtfssfjaf, t`f Djtfoodcfjaf, t`huc` ndhkhms abjjht.
hwjfr kby try th ehraf t`f jbjdtfs th rfahcjdzf b
whujm, cfttdjc bj bmmdtdhjbo rhoo.
rhoo. \rfmbthr's \`frhkhjfs
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcf 32
\`ysdabo Qtruaturf Fj`bjafkfjt
Cudmf th t`f ]fa`jharbay pbcf >>0 Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 6
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
Kbcf7 ]`f Bsafjsdhj ><t` Bjjdvfrsbry Fmdtdhj pbcf 552
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 Ubrdfs
]`fsf cdvf t`f Qadfjtdst t`f bndodty th fkdt p`frh-
]`f khst ahkkhj ndhkhm, t`ds strfjct`fjs t`f khjfs t`bt wdoo kbif t`f sungfat khrf mhadof. Ny
bcfjt—s nhjfs, odcbkfjts, kusaofs, fta. ]`ds boohws spfjmdjc b phdjt he Rudjtfssfjaf, t`f mdeedauoty he t`f

65 Kystda Brkhry
tbrcft th rfsdst t`f Qadfjtdst—s Qhadbo rhoos djarfbsfs ny 1. 0 hr fosf nf mfndodtbtfm ehr b euoo kdjutf. ]`fsf brf
De rfgfatfm, t`f Qadfjtdst hvfrahkpfjsbtfs bjm boo ebdo- hetfj pbdrfm wdt` Qfjsf ^fahrmfrs.
urfs dj shadbo sdtubtdhjs ahujt bs nhta`fs.
Qfjsf ^fahrmfrs
\rf`fjsdof ]bdo Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcf 3<
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcf 32
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 >
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 0
Brft
Brftf7
f7 2
Brft
Brftf7
f7 =
Rudjtfssfjaf7 6
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 >< ]`fsf rfpobaf sfjshry hrcbjs, bjm t`huc` t`fy mhj—t
B t`dj, kusauobr tbdo rfsfknodjc t`bt he bj boodcbthr a`bjcf t`f sfjshry djput, t`fy mh rfahrm dt. ]`ds abj
bjm usubooy crby hr crffj. Dt `bs bj feefatdvf Qtrfjct` rfprfsfjt b sdjcof sfjsf hr kuotdpof sfjsfs bjm ds hetfj
he 6 bjm abj kbif b crbppodjc bttbai fba` turj. De usfm pbdrfm wdt` Qfjsf Bkpodedfrs.
wdt` ht`fr batdhjs, `bs b +> mdeedauoty.
md eedauoty. De ^fgfatfm, t`f
tbdo ds chjf bjm nbobjaf nfahkfs khrf mdeedauot7 bjy Qfjshr Hrcbj
nbobjadjc ebdourfs brf nhta`fs. ]fa`jharbay7 Dtfrbtdhj P pbcf 6>
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 1
Rubjtuk Khjdthr
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcf 53 Brft
Brftf7
f7 >

Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 1 Rudjtfssfjaf7 2<

Brft
Brftf7
f7 > ]`ds dkpobjt cdvfs baafss th b vbrdfty he pfrafptdhjs
nfyhjm jhrkbo `ukbj abpbadty. Bkhjc t`fk brf
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 2< djerbrfm vdsdhj, b zhhk ofjs ehr djspfatdjc kbtfrdbos,
B jbjhtfa` sfjshr brrby mfpohyfm djsdmf shkf \rh- rbmbr bjm fvfj rbmdh rfafptdhj.
cfjdthrs. ]`fsf boohw rfkhtf khjdthrdjc he vdtbo sdcjs
dj b jfbroy ujgbkkbnof wby. Qfjshry Fj`bjafrs
Kbcf7 ]`f Bsafjsdhj ><t` Bjjdvfrsbry Fmdtdhj pbcf 552
^bmdabo \dckfjt Botfrbtdhj
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 1-6
Cudmf th t`f ]fa`jharbay pbcf >1<
]`ds ndhkhm dkprhvfs `ukbj sfjsfs. Bt t`f ohwfr
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 = ofvfo, dt ds fqudvbofjt th t`f `dc`fr ofvfo he t`f Bautf
Ny spodadjc a`bkfofhj MJB djth bj Bcfjt, t`fy abj Qfjsfs kfrdt. Bt t`f `dc`fr ofvfo, t`huc`, dt abj pus`
a`bjcf t`f ahohr he t`fdr sidj fbsdoy, bmmdjc ehur mdaf sfjsfs nfyhjm `ukbj abpbadty, sua` bs crbjtdjc

th
jbtfmdscudsf, abkhueobcf
sdmf feefat ds t`bt bjm
t`f stfbot` rhoos.a`bjcf
sidj wdoo Bj ujehrtu-
ahohrs Jdc`tsdc`t.
sodc`toy ujmfr strfss, dj b wby sdkdobr th b khhm rdjc, Q`detfr's Qidj
nut t`ds hjoy beefats t`f ujmfrthjfs. Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcf 32
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 0
Qfjsf Bkpodedfrs
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcf 3< Brft
Brftf7
f7 =

Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 > Rudjtfssfjaf7 ><

Brft
Brftf7
f7 2 Ny trbjspobjtdjc t`f sidj erhk b s`bpfs`detfr, t`f
Qadfjtdst cbdjs t`f bndodty th a`bjcf t`f rfofvbjt pbrt he
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 6 t`fdr nhmy bt b ahst he hjf Rudjtfssfjaf. De ^fgfatfm,
]`ds ndhkhm fj`bjafs hjf hr khrf sfjsfs, mfarfbs- t`ds brfb `bs jh shbi mdaf ujtdo `fbofm.
djc mdeedauoty ny 2 hj rfofvbjt \frafptdhj rhoos. @hwfv-
]rhoo`dmf
fr, de t`frf ds b bjm
hvfrw`fokdjc strhjc stdkuous
rfqudtfs ehr t`bt rhoo
b Qtbkdjb sfjsf, dt abj nf
bt mdeedauoty Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcf 3>

Djtfrjbo 63
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 4
Brft
Brftf7
f7 6
Rudjtfssfjaf7 >6
Hj t`hsf rbrf haabsdhjs w`fj ]fa`jharbts abj hn-
tbdj t`f sidj he b trhoo, t`fy abj arfbtf t`ds xfjhtrbjs-
pobjt. Dt rbrfoy ahvfrs t`f Qadfjtdst—s fjtdrf sidj, nut t`f
pbrts w`frf dt mhfs `bvf dj`ukbj ahohrbtdhj bjm tfx-
turf cdvdjc ehur mdaf he brkhr (w`da` stbais wdt` whrj
brkhr). ]`f sidj bosh rfcfjfrbtfs b nbs`djc ofvfo pfr
turj hr b oft`bo ofvfo fvfry `hur. Dts Rudjtfssfjaf kby
nf spfjt th rfcfjfrbtf b Oft`bo @fbot` Ofvfo djstfbm he
b Nbs`djc dj hjf turj. Hpphjfjts kby tbrcft ujahv-
frfm pbrts bt +> mdeedauoty. De ^fgfatfm, t`f brfbs ahv-
frfm `bvf jh shbi mdaf ujtdo rfpbdrfm.

Vjmfbm Qtrfjct`
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcf 32
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 3
Brft
Brftf7
f7 =
Rudjtfssfjaf7 ><
Ny djstboodjc t`f kusaofs erhk b Ubkpdrf, t`f Qadfj-
tdst kby spfjm up th t`rff Rudjtfssfjaf (bjm t`f sbkf
juknfr he @fbot` ofvfos) th cft t`bt kbjy buthkbtda
suaafssfs hj Qtrfjct` rhoos ehr t`f safjf. De ^fgfatfm,
t`f rfofvbjt odkn ds usfofss ujtdo `fbofm.

Nofssdjcs
\frkbjfjt Shjmfrs brfj—t gust ehr ]fa`jharbts.
Kystdas arfbtf Nofssdjcs, usubooy dj t`f ehrk he kbcdai-
bo tbtthhs nut shkftdkfs tbidjc ht`fr ehrks.

Bhof Ih`fh`fh ]btu


Mfbm Kbcda > pbcf 12
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
B nobai adraof hj t`f stfrjuk, t`ds tbtu prhtfats
bcbdjst phdshj, cdvdjc edvf buthkbtda suaafssfs hj shbi
rhoos bcbdjst phdshjs bjm vfjhks he boo shrts.

@f'f ]btu
Mfbm Kbcda > pbcf 12
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
B obrcf hathpus tbtu, wdt` t`f `fbm hj t`f wfbrfr—s
a`fst hr nbai bjm t`f tfjtbaofs wrbppdjc bohjc t`f
odkns. ]`f wfbrfr cbdjs t`f bndodty th a`bjcf t`f ahohr

60 Kystda Brkhry
he t`fdr sidj (bs bj hathpus abj). ]`ds rfqudrfs stbydjc s`rfm t`f Cbujtoft bjm arfbtf b cbp obrcf fjhuc`
stdoo, nut fvfj dj pobdj sdc`t, t`fy abj rhoo Qtbkdjb + ehr t`fk th stfp t`rhuc`.
Qtfbot` th `dmf. S`fj khvdjc, ht`frs `bvf bj fbsdfr
tdkf sffdjc t`fk, wdt` b mdeedauoty he -1. ]`ds ds hjoy hj 'H'hof ]btu
t`f sidj, sh th cft t`f euoo feefat, t`f wfbrfr kust nf Mfbm Kbcda > pbcf 12
jbifm. Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
Obwbd'b ]btu Bj fxtrfkfoy pbdjeuo euoo-nhmy tbtu, t`f ‐H—hof ]btu
Mfbm Kbcda > pbcf 12 fvfj ahvfrs t`f ebaf, sabop bjm cfjdtbos. ]`f pbttfrj ds
bj djtrdabtf hjf kbmf he pfjtbchjs (rfsfknodjc b
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 = arbn—s s`foo), bjm shadbooy dt sdcjdedfs b phwfreuo bjm
]ypdabooy hjoy cdvfj th crfbt eds`frkbj, t`f Obwbd—b ohybo wbrrdhr. Hjaf t`f tbtu `bs `fbofm erhk nfdjc
]btu ahjsdsts he t`rff wbvy odjfs hj fdt`fr sdmf he t`f cdvfj, t`f wfbrfr cbdjs edvf shbi mdaf t`bt fvfj whri
jfai bjm vbcufoy rfsfknofs cdoos. S`fjfvfr t`f wfbr- bcbdjst Bccrbvbtfm mbkbcf, nut `bs b pfjboty he 2 th
fr—s `fbm chfs nfohw wbtfr, t` f tbtu nfahkfs cdoos, bo- boo shadbo rhoos.
ohwdjc t`fk th nrfbt`f.
\bttfrj-^dppdjc Aobws
Jdjf-Mrbchj ]btthhs Mrbchj—s Edrf pbcf 5>
Ehrcfm ny Mrbchj—s
Nhhi he Q`bmhws pbcf 262
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 4
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1

Brftf7
Brftf7 6 Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 >6 ]`ds tbtthh boohws t`f Kbcf th spfjm hjf phdjt he
]`ds kystdabo tbtthh wbs arfbtfm ny t`f Bibs`bybjb, Rudjtfssfjaf th mh Bccrbvbtfm mbkbcf dj `bjm-th-
bjm ahjsdsts he jdjf mrbchjs7 t`rff rfm, t`rff crffj `bjm ujbrkfm ahknbt. ]`f tbtthh hetfj ahjsdsts he
bjm t`rff w`dtf. S`fj dj usf, t`f tbtthh ds jht stbtda, shkf shrt he aobws (usubooy rbpthrs hr obrcf abts) hj
t`f mrbchjs khvf brhujm t`f Bibs`da's nhmy bs eho- t`fdr brks hr ofcs. Bjyhjf wdt` \rdkf 2 hr w`h sua-
ohws7 affms bt \frafptdhj + Bwbrfjfss (mdeedauoty 3) abj sff
t`bt t`f hwjfr—s `bjms bjm efft brf ahvfrfm ny cohwdjc
• ]`f rfm mrbchjs abj mftfat odvdjc t`djcs, bjm w`fj
fjfrcy aobws.
usfm khvf th t`f Bibs`da's brks bjm ebaf. ]`f
mrbchjs hj t`f brks wdoo rhbr bjm eodai t`fdr Q`bj ]btthh he Vjmdsadpodjfm Qtrfjct`
thjcufs dj t`f mdrfatdhj he t`f sfjsfm odef ehrks.
Kbcf7 ]`f Bsafjsdhj (>jm Fmdtdhj) pbcf >05
Cfjfrbooy, t`f mrbchj hj t`f rdc`t brk rfsphjms th
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
t`f p`ysdabo
odefehrk ds djwhrom bjm ofetwhrom,
t`f p`ysdabo th t`f t`f
Vknrb,
wdjcsbjm
brf detdc`t
t`f
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
bcbdjst t`f nhmy, nut t`fy brf ujeurofm de t`f
odefehrk ds dj t`f Vknrb. Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
• ]`f crffj mrbchjs rfmuaf fjtrhpy. Hjf sprfbms dts Bj djtfrobadjc pbttfrj hvfr b A`birb cbtf,
cbtf, t`ds tbtthh
wdjcs bjm mhkdjbtfs t`f Bibs`da's nbai, hjf t`f mfvfohpfm dj t`f Q`bj Qtbtf dj Jhrt`fbst Kybjkbr
a`fst, bjm t`f t`drm khvfs brhujm t`f nhmy bjm eujjfos Rudjtfssfjaf th cdvf t`f nfbrfr p`ysdabo
spdts edrf bt shurafs he Fjtrhpy. De t`f Bibs`da strfjct`. Bppoydjc t`f tbtthh tbifs sdx `hurs he fx-
strfta`fm t`fdr brks thwbrms b shuraf he Fjtrhpy, trfkfoy pbdjeuo. Dt rfqudrfs bjht`fr sdx `hurs he kfmd-
t`ds mrbchj wdoo djarfbsf t`f bkhujt he hrmfr prf- tbtdhj th batdvbtf dt. Mhdjc t`ds `fbos boo mbkbcf t`bt
sfjt. t`f nfbrfr `bs tbifj bjm djarfbsfs fba` \`ysdabo Bt-
• ]`f w`dtf mrbchjs abj hpfj b cbtfwby djth t`f trdnutf ny 2 (th b kbxdkuk he 6) ehr b mby, bssukdjc b
Vknrb. ]`f t`rff khvf th t`f Bibs`da's a`fst bjm suaafss hj bj Brftf rhoo bcbdjst mdeedauoty 5. Fba` usf
djtfrtwdjf t`fdr tbdos bjm fxtfjm t`fdr aobws. Hjaf fxpfjms hjf Rudjtfssfjaf. De Sdoophwfr mrhps nfohw
t`fy brf odif t`ds, t`f Bibs`da abj usf t`fk th bjy \`ysdabo Bttrdnutf rbtdjc, t`f nfbrfr rhoos Sdts +

Djtfrjbo 64
Kfmdtbtdhj (mdeedauoty 5) hr fosf t`f nfbrfr chfs nfr- b safjf, twh hr khrf ehr b mby, bjm hjf bmmdtdhjbo
sfri. suaafss ds jffmfm th trbjsehrk t`f Kbcf —s nfohjcdjcs
]`ds nfrsfri stbtf whris bs b Rudft, w`frf t`f Kbcf bs wfoo.
rftrfbts kfjtbooy nut obs`fs hut p`ysdabooy, bttbaidjc ]htfk ]btthh
fvfryhjf brhujm t`fk bjm dcjhrdjc whujm pfjbotdfs.
Nhhi he Qfarfts pbcf 25=
]`ds rbcf ahsts hjf Rudjtfssfjaf pfr turj. Vjmfr
fxtrbhrmdjbry adraukstbjafs, b Sdts + Bwbrfjfss rhoo Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 0-2<
(mdeedauoty 0) t`bt sahrfs bt ofbst t`rff suaafssfs wdoo Brft
Brftf7
f7 =-6
boohw t`f a`brbatfr th sjbp hut he dt. ]`f sbkf mdeedauo-
ty bjm t`rfs`hom abj nf usfm ny ht`frs wdt` b Kbjdpu- Rudjtfssfjaf7 ><->6
obtdhj + Djtdkdmbtdhj rhoo th sjbp t`fk hut he dt. Hetfj ahjsdmfrfm t`f pfbi he kystda tbtthh brtdstry,
t`f ]htfk ]btthh ndjms t`f nfbrfr th b spdrdt t`bt dt
Q`bpfs`detdjc rfprfsfjts. ]`ds rfqudrfs t`bt t`f spdrdt nf wdoodjc bjm
Mrbchj—s Edrf pbcf 51
Ehrcfm ny Mrbchj—s boohws t`f nfbrfr th trbjsehrk djth bj bpprhprdbtf
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 0 bjdkbo, rfprfsfjtdjc t`bt spdrdt. ]`f 0-phdjt vfrsdhj
usfs b vuocbr Odef =/Qpdrdt > feefat th tbif t`fdr thtfk —s
Brft
Brftf7
f7 = p`ysdabo ehrk, t`f 4-phdjt vfrsdhj usfs Qpdrdt 1 th boohw
Rudjtfssfjaf7 >< t`f Kbcf th bosh stfp sdmfwbys. ]`f 2<-phdjt vfrsdhj,
B euoo-nhmy tbtthh ahjsdstdjc he b obrcf dkbcf he bj w`da` ds fxtrfkfoy rbrf, turjs t`f usfr djth b odvdjc
bjdkbo, t`f tbtthh boohws t`f wfbrfr th trbjsehrk djth eftds` boohwdjc t`f thtfk th whri dts phwfr t`rhuc`
t`bt bjdkbo hj b suaafsseuo Brftf rhoo (mdeedauoty 3, 0 t`f Kbcf. Nfabusf t`ds ds nhujm th t`f Kbcf—s pbttfrj,
wdt` wdtjfssfs) bjm spfjmdjc b phdjt he Rudjtfssfjaf. t`fy cbdj ehur hr edvf phdjts he pfrkbjfjt pbrbmhx,
Hjf suaafss boohws t`f Kbcf th kbdjtbdj t`f ehrk ehr mfpfjmdjc hj w`da` vfrsdhj he t`f tbtthh t`fy `bvf.

Fj`bjafkfjts
]`f khst ebkhus he boo pfrkbjfjt Shjmfrs brf Fj- Brft
Brftf7
f7 >
`bjafkfjts. ]`fsf brf cfjfrbooy usfm ny Dtfrbtdhj P
Rudjtfssfjaf7 2<
bjm t`f khst efbrfm wfbphjs he t`f ]fa`jharbay, t`f
@D] Kbris, hetfj `bvf kbjy fj`bjafkfjts djsdmf ]`ds rfpobafkfjt ehrfbrk ds vfry chhm, pbrtdauobroy
t`fk. ehr t`f Mbri Ebjtbstdai. Dt abjjht nf usfm ehr mfodabtf
whri, nut dt abj crdp bjm puja` bjm kbjbcf sdcjbos th
Ndhkfs` Brkhr bjm erhk t`f uppfr brk. Hj thp he t`bt, dt `bs b ehom-
Cudmf th t`f ]fa`jharbay pbcf >>3 hut nobmf t`bt abj nf usfm bs b mbccfr dj ahknbt.
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 Ubrdfs Abrmdh-Kusauobr Bssfknobcf
Jbjhtfa` botfrfm sidj-afoos, t`ds brkhr ds prhtfatdvf ]fa`jharbay7 Dtfrbtdhj P pbcf 6>
nut jhj-hnvdhus. Ehr fvfry twh phdjts spfjt, t`f hpfr-
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 3
btdvf cbdjs hjf mdf he brkhr t`bt abj shbi bcbdjst bjy
mbkbcf. Dt kust nf rfpbdrfm bjm kbdjtbdjfm nftwffj Brft
Brftf7
f7 =
kdssdhjs bjm ds usfofss betfr b wffi he sustbdjfm vdh- Rudjtfssfjaf7 ><
ofjaf. Dt kby nf nhuc`t bs b ndhkhm, nut ahsts twh
]`ds ndhkfa`bjdsk ahjsdsts he bj brtdedadbo `fbrt bjm
fxtrb phdjts bjm abj rfcfjfrbtf dtsfoe w`fj t`f hwjfr
syjt`ftda kusaofs t`rhuc`hut t`f nhmy. Nrdfeoy (ehr b
fbts b `dc` drhj, `dc` aboaduk mdft.
kbxdkuk he hjf mby), t`ds kfa`bjdsk abj abst t`f
Nhmy-Ehrcfr's Brk fqudvbofjt he b Nfttfr Nhmy rhtf.
Brtdsbj—s @bjmnhhi pbcf 04 Aobws
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 = Cudmf th t`f ]fa`jharbay pbcf >>5

5< Kystda Brkhry


Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 = pobjt ds jht aurrfjtoy whridjc. Aofbjdjc t`f edotfrs
^ftrbatbnof aobws t`bt brf fxtrfkfoy feefatdvf bs rfqudrfs fbtdjc spfadbo ehhm bjm nfdjc `hhifm up th b
`bjm-th-`bjm wfbphjs. ]`fy bttbai wdt` mdeedauoty 5 purdedfr (vdb b phrt dj t`f usfr—s ofet `dpnhjf).
bjm wdt` Qtrfjct` + Nbaicrhujm
N baicrhujm Ahst Oft`bo mbkbcf. Mdcdtbo Fj`bjafkfjt Dkpobjts
Mfthx Dkpobjt ]fa`jharbay7 Dtfrbtdhj P pbcf 62 (MFD)
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 Dtfrbtdhj P pbcf 05 Cudmf th t`f ]fa`jharbay pbcf >25 (MFD bjm BMFD)
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 = Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 Dtfrbtdhj P pbcf 3= (BMFD)
B ahkpofx sfrdfs he kfknrbjfs bjm pukps djstboofm Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 0
djth t`f usfr—s nhmy ahjtdjubooy edotfr t`fdr nohhm th Dtfrbtdhj P ds wfoo-ijhwj ehr t`fdr dkpobjts. ]`f
rfkhvf dkpurdtdfs dj b wby t`bt t`f nhmy abjjht jbtu- khst ebkhus he w`da` brf t`f Mdcdtbo Fj`bjafkfjt
rbooy kbta`. ]`f usfr ds t`us dkkujf th mrucs bjm Dkpobjt bjm t`f Bmvbjafm Mdcdtbo Fj`bjafkfjt Dk-
phdshjs t`bt brf djcfstfm, djgfatfm hr dj`bofm, t`huc` pobjt, MFD bjm BMFD ehr s`hrt. ]`fy brf djstboofm
t`djcs t`bt abusf surebaf djgury bjm drrdtbtdhj (tfbr cbs mdrfatoy djth t`f nrbdj he t`f usfr7 t`f MFD rfqudrfs
hr pfppfr sprby) beefat t`fk jhrkbooy. t`bt sfvfrbo nrbdj rfcdhjs nf rfkhvfm th kbif rhhk,
]`huc` t`ds dkpobjt bowbys whris, w`fjfvfr dt ds jbkfoy fkhtdhjbo ahjtrho, fxprfssdhj, ohjc-tfrk pobj-
usfm b sdjcof mdf ds rhoofm. Hj b hjf, bot`huc` dt whris jdjc bjm ahkpofx khrbo gumckfjts jffm th nf hut-
t`ds tdkf, t`f edotfrs nfahkf aohccfm bjm jffm th nf shurafm th t`f mfvdaf, w`dof t`f BMFD ds khrf he b
aofbjfm nfehrf dt wdoo whri bcbdj. S`fj t`ds `bppfjs, jbjhtfa` kfs` hj t`f djsdmf he t`f siuoo, jht rfkhv-
t`f usfr (hjoy) `fbrs b nffpdjc th sdcjbo t`bt t`f dk- djc bjy batubo nrbdj kbss. ]`us, w`dof t`f MFD ds vdsd-

Djtfrjbo 52
nof th khst kujmbjf sabjs t`bt ahvfr t`f `fbm (sua` Fxh-Kusauobturf bjm Fxh-Qifofthjs
bs K^D bjm P-rby), t`f BMFD ds djvdsdnof th bjyt`djc
]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf 65
s`hrt he hpfjdjc t`f siuoo dtsfoe.
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5 hr 0
Fdt`fr he t`fk ahkfs wdt` b gbai nf`djm t`f ofet fbr
t`bt abj rfs`bpf dtsfoe sh t`bt dt wdoo edt bokhst bjy shrt Dtfrbtdhj P mhfsj—t put boo he dts `brmwbrf hj t`f dj-
he pouc, boohwdjc t`f Dtfrbthr th djtfrebaf mdrfatoy wdt` sdmf he t`f nhmy (mfspdtf shkf phpuobr kdsahjafp-
khst khmfrj tfa`jhohcy, djaoumdjc fvfryt`djc nudot ny tdhjs). Qhkf he dt ds dj t`f ehrk he phwfreuo fxh-
Dtfrbtdhj P. sifofthjs bjm fxf-kusauobturf th fj`bjaf edfom hpfrb-
tdvfs. ]`f Fxh-Kusauobturf (khmfo ‟Kusaofnhy‛) cdvfs
]`f MFD bjm BMFD `bvf sfvfrbo ahkkhj ahkph-
t`f wfbrfr +> Qtrfjct`, +2 Mfxtfrdty, +> Qtbkdjb, >
jfjts, djaoumdjc7
mdaf he brkhr, 2 mdf he ahujtfrkbcdai bjm 5 @fbot`
• Fdmftda Kfkhry - t`f BMFD abj sthrf rhuc`oy =<< Ofvfos. ]`f khrf phwfreuo ‟]rbjsehrkfr‛ Fxh-
]N he mbtb, fqudvbofjt th bnhut twh yfbrs he ahj- Qifofthj cdvfs += Qtrfjct`, += Qtbkdjb, 0 mdaf he br-
tdjuhus =I vdmfh, w`dof t`f MFD abj hjoy sthrf khr, 1 mdaf he ahujtfrkbcdai bjm 5 @fbot` Ofvfos.
bnhut `boe bs kua` ]`fsf nht` ahkf wdt` t`rff phdjts he pfrkbjfjt \br-
• ]dkf Qfjsf bjm Odc`tjdjc Aboauobthr kfrdts bmhx, bs t`fy brf djstboobtdhj
djstboobtdhjs,
s, jht sudts.
• Kfkhry abj nf mhwjohbmfm djth bj Dtfrbtdhj P
ahkpbtdnof ahkputfr Fxtrbsfjshry Baafss
• Abj botfr kfkhrdfs wdt` Ehrafs >/Kdjm > (hetfj Cudmf th t`f ]fa`jharbay pbcf >>5
usfm rdc`t nfehrf b mhwjohbm) Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 >

= mhts he Mrfbk/@ypfrarbk
M rfbk/@ypfrarbk Jbjhtfa` djstboofm dj t`f sfjshry hrcbjs he t`f hp-
• @bovfs t`f tdkf ehr boo `baidjc bttfkpts
frbtdvf abj pfrafdvf t`djcs hutsdmf he t`f usubo `ukbj
• Abj gbai mdrfatoy djth b ahkputfr th `bvf Qfjshry
jhrk7 sfjshry feefats he vbrdhus Qp`frfs brf phssdnof.
baafss th t`f Mdcdtbo Sfn
Qhkf fxbkpofs brf7
• Dj bpprhprdbtf vf`daofs, abj bat bs b Mdcdtbo Djtfr-
ebaf Brknbjm • Ohjc-mdstbjaf vdsdhj bjm `fbrdjc (Ahrrfsphjmfjaf)
• Sfbi phdjts (Fjtrhpy/Kbttfr)
(Fjtrhpy/Kbttfr)
Bsdmf erhk t`f ehrk ebathr, t`f khst sdcjdedabjt mde-
efrfjaf ds t`bt t`f BMFD ds s`dfomfm erhk fofatrhkbc- • Djerb-^fm (Ehrafs)
jftda edfoms, sh t`bt bj FK\ wdoo jht mdsbnof dt, w`dof dt • P-^by (Ehrafs hr Kbttfr)
abj ehr t`f MFD. • Fkhtdhjbo Fjfrcy (Kdjm)
• ^bmdh `fbrdjc (Ehrafs)
Qhkf spfauobtf t`bt t`f MFD bats, th b skboo fxtfjt, • A`rhjhohcdabo \bttfrjs (]dkf)
bs b ahoofatdvf ujahjsadhus ehr t`hsf kfknfrs he Dtfrb-
• \rdkf Fofkfjt Eouatubtdhjs (\rdkf)
tdhj P w`h `bvf hjf. De t`ds ds t`f absf, hr de dt `bs
rdsfj th b ahoofatdvf ahjsadhusjfss, t`fy brfj—t sbydjc C=> ^bpthr Udnrhnobmfs
" "

bjyt`djc, bjm t`f yhujcfr Dtfrbthrs fqudppfm wdt` Cudmf th t`f ]fa`jharbay pbcf >>3
BMFDs brf jht rfphrtdjc sdkdobr nf`bvdhr.
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
Fofatrhpuosf @bjm Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
]fa`jharbay7 Dtfrbtdhj P pbcf 6>
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 6
B khrf rfedjfm vfrsdhj he Aobws, t`f ^bpthr djstfbm
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1 usfs b kdarh-t`dj vdnrbtdjc nobmf abpbnof he auttdjc
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26 t`rhuc` s`fft kftbo. ]`f Udnrhnobmfs rhoo Brftf th
fxtfjm bjm usbcf ahsts hjf Rudjtfssfjaf pfr safjf.
]`ds dkpobjt chfs djth t`f `bjm bjm sthrfs stbtda
]`fy bttbai bt mdeedauoty 5 wdt` Qtrfjct` + = Bccrbvbt-
fofatrdadty erhk fvfrymby odef. ]`f usfr abj mdsa`brcf
fm mbkbcf.
t`ds hj b ahkkbjm, fxfautdjc b Ehrafs >/\rdkf >
bttbai. Cfjfrbo \rhst`ftda ]hhos

5> Kystda Brkhry


Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcf 50
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 1
Brft
Brftf7
f7 >
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 2<
]`fsf prhst`ftdas brf jht `ukbjdehrk, nut djstfbm
`dc`oy spfadbodzfm th b spfadeda tbsi. ]`ds tbsi rfafdvfs b
-2 mdeedauoty, nut boo ht`frs b +2 mdeedauoty.

@homhut Ahkpbrtkfjt
Cudmf th t`f ]fa`jharbay pbcf >>5 (bs Qunmfrkbo Ahj-
afbokfjt \hua`)
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcf 50
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
Brft
Brftf7
f7 >
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 2<
B aohbifm abvdty nurdfm dj b odkn. Bjyt`djc sthrfm
wdt`dj dt
d t ohhis th boo kujmbjf sabjjdjc bs pbrt he t`f

Qadfjtdst—s hrcbjda kbtfrdbo, hjoy Fjodc`tfjfm tfa`-


jdqufs abj pfjftrbtf t`ds.

@ypfrkfm Djgfatdhj Qystfk


Cudmf th t`f ]fa`jharbay pbcf >>0
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
Djtfrjbooy sthrfm kfms t`bt abj nf batdvbtfm rfeofxdvf-
oy ny t`f usfr. ]`f sdx Rudjtfssfjaf sthrfm dj t`f mf-
vdaf rfprfsfjt sdx bppodabtdhjs he bjy t`rff he t`f eho-
ohwdjc phwfrs nfehrf jffmdjc th nf rfedoofm7
• 1 mhts he Qtbkdjb
• Odef 1 @fbodjc
• ]`rff phdjts he Rudjtfssfjaf
• Fxtrb spffm (bs b ]dkf 1 feefat)
• @dc`fr pbdj t`rfs`hom (t`rff bmmdtdhjbo `fbot`
ofvfos)
Fba` usf rhoos Brftf th batdvbtf bjm obsts ehr b safjf
(rhuc`oy 2< kdjutfs). Betfrwbrms, t`frf ds b nbm `bjc-
hvfr. ]`f fxafptdhjs brf t`f Rudjtfssfjaf, w`da` rf-
kbdjs betfr t`f tdkf odkdt ujtdo usfm, bjm t`f `fbodjc.

@ypfrsyjbptda ^fbatdhj Qystfk


]fa`jharbay7 Dtfrbtdhj P pbcf 6>
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 3

Djtfrjbo 51
Rudjtfssfjaf7 ><

Khrf he bj upcrbmf th b Mdcdtbo Fj`bjafkfjt Dk-


pobjts t`bj b ndhkfa`bjdsk he dts hwj, t`ds prhvdmfs
ehr baafofrbtfm prhafssdjc djsdmf t`f systfk. Dt mhfs
rfqudrf rfdjehradjc t`f nhmy th wdt`stbjm rbpdm kh-
tdhj, nut hjaf t`bt's mhjf, dt abj nf batdvbtfm th cdvf
t`f usfr t`f feefats he Baafofrbtfm ]dkf (]dkf 1).

Dkpobjt A`bdj Cuj


Cudmf th t`f ]fa`jharbay pbcf >>4
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
]`f khst ebkhus wfbphj he t`f @D] Kbris, b nfot-
efm kdjd-cuj fxtfjms erhk b ahjafbofm ahkpbrtkfjt
dj t`f aynhrc—s nbai, bjm t`fj b strfbk he kftbo soucs
ds edrfm bt t`fdr tbrcft. Bj Brftf rhoo ds usfm th rfbmy
t`f mfvdaf, bjm t`f bcfjt usfs Mfxtfrdty + Edrfbrks th
`dt t`fdr fjfkdfs. ]`ds rhoo ds mdeedauoty 3 bjm mhfs 0
mbkbcf wdt` b rbjcf he 26< bjm b rbtf he 1. ]`f wfbp-
hj abj hjoy edrf dj sprby nurst bjm euoo buth, bjm fba`
batdvbtdhj bjm mfbatdvbtdhj ahsts hjf Rudjtfssfjaf.

Dkpobjt ^bmdh
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 Dtfrbtdhj P pbcf 06
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 >
Sdt` sfjshrs dj t`f usfr—s t`rhbt, t`ds nhmy -`fbt
phwfrfm dkpobjt abj pdai up sunvhabodzbtdhjs dj hrmfr
th ahkkujdabtf hvfr rbmdh erfqufjadfs bjm bat bs b
afoouobr p`hjf. Dt `bs b rbjcf he bnhut 2< kdofs bjm b
C\Q t`bt boohws bjyhjf nrhbmabstdjc wdt` bj Dkpobjt
^bmdh th nf qudaioy bjm fbsdoy ohabtfm.

Dkpobjtfm \obskb Abjjhj


]fa`jharbay7 Dtfrbtdhj P pbcf 6> (bs Edrfbrk)
Cudmf th t`f ]fa`jharbay pbcf >>0
Kbcf7 ]`f Bsafjsdhj ><t` Bjjdvfrsbry Fmdtdhj pbcf 564
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 4 hr 22
Brft
Brftf7
f7 5 hr 0
Rudjtfssfjaf7 1< hr =<
]`ds dkpobjt chfs djsdmf b aynhrc—s brk bjm nbai,
rfstdjc hj rfdjehrafm nhjfs th supphrt t`f pobskb
Brft
Brftf7
f7 =
5= Kystda Brkhry
ahjvfrsdhj bjm baafofrbtdhj systfks. ]`f systfk rf- ]`ds aynfrjftda dkpobjt arfbtfm ny t`f ]fa`jharbay
edjfs prdkbo fjfrcy djth supfr`ht pobskb bjm edrfs dt sdts djsdmf t`f siuoo bjm `hhis djth t`f nrbdj. De t`f
erhk t`f `bjm. ]`f aynhrc kbifs b Mfxtfrdty + Fjfrcy Kbcf ds fvfr khrtbooy djgurfm, t`f Kbcf ds prhgfatfm
Sfbphjs rhoo, usubooy bt mdeedauoty 3. ]`fj t`f mfvdaf—s euooy djth t`f Mdcdtbo Sfn7 p`ysdabooy, kfjtbooy bjm
Fjodc`tfjkfjt ds rhoofm bcbdjst mdeedauoty 5, 3, hr 0 spdrdtubooy, w`frf t`fy abj stby ujtdo t`fdr nhmy ds rf-
mfpfjmdjc hj w`ft`fr dt ds ahdjadmfjtbo, vuocbr hr pbdrfm.
vuocbr wdt` wdtjfssfs. Vsubooy, dt ds bt ofbst vuocbr,

`hwfvfr. Fba` s`ht ahsts b phdjt he \rdkbo Fjfrcy. Kbppdjc


Ahjvfjtdhj Dkpobjt
Nhhi7 Dtfrbtdhj P pbcf 06
Drhj Oujc
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 >
]fa`jharbay7 Dtfrbtdhj P pbcf 6>
]`ds dkpobjt ahjtbdjs b C\Q ujdt bs wfoo bs b mbtb-
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5 nbsf he kbps ahvfrdjc t`f whrom, pbrtdauobroy wdt` rhbm
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1 kbps bjm mftbdofm kbps he kbghr adtdfs. Khrf kbps
abj nf upohbmfm t`rhuc` b phrt nf`djm t`f usfr —s fbr.
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
Dt abj hvfroby hjf he t`fsf kbps hj t`f usfr—s vdsdhj sh
Ny rfpobadjc hjf he t`f `hst's oujcs, t`ds mfvdaf ahj- t`bt t`fy abj sff fxbatoy w`frf t`fy brf.
vfrts Abrnhj Mdhxdmf dj t`f nohhm djth hxycfj, w`da`
ds sthrfm dj b ahkprfssfm ehrk ehr obtfr usf, bjm abr- Kuotd-\urphsf Ahkputfr Dkpobjt
nhj, w`da` abj nf rfkhvfm erhk bj hpfjdjc dj t`f Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 Dtfrbtdhj P pbcf 06
rdnabcf.
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 1
Ifypbms Bj bmvbjafm dkpobjt ahkputfr t`bt ds jht qudtf bs
Cudmf th t`f ]fa`jharbay pbcf >>5 shp`dstdabtfm bs bj Mdcdtbo Fj`bjafkfjt Dkpobjts, nut
ds gust s`hrt he dt, t`f K\AD abj baafss t`f usfr —s fyfs
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 >
bjm fbrs bjm bats bs bj fqudvbofjt he t`f Mdcdtbo Djtfr-
Kdarhahkputfrs fknfmmfm djth t`f edjcfrs he bj ebaf Brknbjm. Eurt`fr, dt cdvfs t`f usfr nht` t`f
hpfrbtdvf, t`fy abj mftfrkdjf ahujtfrs th t`f sfaurdty Odc`tjdjc Aboauobthr bjm t`f ]dkf Qfjsf kfrdts.
kfbsurfs he bjy vbuot, ifypbm hr ht`fr sfaurdty mfvdaf
t`f bcfjt thua`fs. ]`ds rfmuafs t`f mdeedauoty he Ohai- ]`f ahkputfr djaoumfm ds fqudvbofjt th t`f Kbri DU
pdaidjc, Qfaurdty bjm ]fa`jhohcy rhoos (th nrfbi @bjm Ahkputfr bjm `bs b ahjafbofm phrt nf`djm t`f
t`rhuc` sfaurdty) ny t`rff. usfr—s rdc`t fbr. Cdvfj t`f baafss th nht` fyfs bjm fbrs,
t`f ahsts he t`f Kbppdjc Dkpobjt bjm t`f @dmdhs`d
Idjftda Ofcs Sfbrbnof ]rbjsobthr brf nht` rfmuafm ny hjf phdjt ehr
]fa`jharbay7 Dtfrbtdhj P pbcf 6> t`f usfr. Sdt` bj Dkpobjt ^bmdh, t`f usfr abj baafss dt

Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 6 odif b wdrfofss khmfk bjm abj ahjjfat wdrfofssoy th


mfvdafs bs wfoo bs th t`f Djtfrjft bjm Mdcdtbo Sfn.
Brft
Brftf7
f7 6
Jdc`t Fyfs
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 >6
Cudmf th t`f ]fa`jharbay pbcf >>5
Kfa`bjdabo djtfrjbos ehr ofcs, rfpobadjc erbcdof nhjf
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 >
bjm kusaof. ]`fsf abj kuotdpoy t`f `hst's idjftda fjfr-
cy, bjm kbcdaibo suaafssfs abj nf bppodfm mdrfatoy th ]`ds cdvfs b `ukbj nfdjc t`f sbkf ofvfo he jdc`t vd-
gukpdjc bjm rujjdjc rhoos. sdhj t`bt b abt `bs.

Obzbrus ]rbjskdttfr Hjodjf Baafss


Mdcdtbo Sfn pbcf 2<2 Kbcf7 ]`f Bsafjsdhj ><t` Bjjdvfrsbry Fmdtdhj pbcf 564

Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 2< Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 >

Brft
Brftf7
f7 2< B aynfrjftda fj`bjafkfjt
f j`bjafkfjt t`bt boohws t`f a`brbatfr
th bat bs t`huc` t`fy `bvf bj djtfrjbo skbrtp`hjf bjm
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 6<
Djtfrjbo 56
wdrfofss ahjjfatdhj. ]`fy abj baafss t`f djtfrjft, C\Q oy, Rudjtfssfjaf kby nf fxa`bjcfm ehr buthkbtda sua-
fta. ]`ds boohws sfjshry baafss th t`f Mdcdtbo Sfn bjm afssfs.
khst vfrsdhjs djaoumf twh VQN phrts. He ahursf, t`f
djtfrjft hr Mdcdtbo Sfn kust nf baafssdnof ehr t`ds th
eujatdhj, sh dt ds sunstbjtdbo
sunstbjtdbooy
oy ofss usfeuo dj t`f Vknrb. \jfukbtda Brk
]fa`jharbay7 Dtfrbtdhj P pbcf 6>
\frehrkbjaf Nobmf
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 4
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcf 54
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5 Brft
Brftf7
f7 6

Brft
Brftf7
f7 1 Rudjtfssfjaf7 >6

Rudjtfssfjaf7 26 Qhkftdkfs b odttof kfa`bjdabo `fop ds jffmfm. Dj


t`hsf absfs, t`ds ndhkfa`bjdsk boohws t`f `hst th fxfrt
Qdkdobr th t`f rfpobafkfjt ofcs bvbdobnof th rujjfrs fxtrfkf ehraf wdt` t`fdr brks. Hj b suaafsseuo Brftf
bkhjc t`f Qoffpfrs, t`fsf brf kbmf he kbtfrdbos t`bt rhoo (Ehrafs =), t`f brk abj nf usfm bs b pdofmrdvfr. Dj
t`fy mhj—t `bvf baafss th. Ehr fba` phdjt he Rudjtfs- ahknbt, dt mhfs Qtrfjct` + 1 mbkbcf bjm, hj t`rff hr
sfjaf spfjt, t`f Qadfjtdst cbdjs b nurst he spffm fqubo khrf suaafssfs th `dt, fxfautfs b Nhmy Qobk kbjfuvfr
th t`fdr rujjdjc spffm. ]`fy abj mh t`ds kuotdpof (Kbcf7 ]`f Bsafjsdhj ><t` Bjjdvfrsbry Fmdtdhj pbcf
tdkfs, nut nfyhjm t`f edrst t`fy tbif b phdjt he Oft`bo =>1). De usfm th pbrry kfoff hr nrbwo bttbais bjm t`f
mbkbcf muf th t`f strfssfs dt puts hj t`f rfst he t`f hpphjfjt—s suaafssfs brf rfmuafm nfohw zfrh, t`f brk
nhmy. nrfbis t`f wfbphj hr mhfs mbkbcf th t`f bttbaifr.
\frshjbo Afrfnrbo ]rbjsobtdhj Vjdt \rdkduk Ahujtfrkfbsur
Ahujtfrkfbsurfs
fs
]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf 25
]fa`jharbay7 Dtfrbtdhj P pbcf 6> (bs \rdkduk \obtdjc)
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
Cudmf th t`f ]fa`jharbay pbcf >>0
Brft
Brftf7
f7 >
Kbcf7 ]`f Bsafjsdhj ><t` Bjjdvfrsbry Fmdtdhj pbcf 564
Rudjtfssfjaf7 2<
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =, 5, 0 hr 2<
B pdoo t`bt rfofbsfs tdjy khmuofs t`bt edjm t`fdr wby B a`brbatfr wdt` \rdkduk dkpobjts `bs ahujtfrkbc-
th t`f nrbdj, hjaf fstbnods`fm dj t`f nhmy, dt boohws t`f dai, hjf mdf pfr > phdjts he nbaicrhujm ahst. ]h `bvf
ahkprf`fjsdhj he hvfr 5< `ukbj objcubcfs bjm 1< t`ds, b a`brbatfr kust nf b ]fa`jharbt dj chhm stbjm-
prhcrbkkdjc objcubcfs. Dj ebat, dt bosh boohws, wdt` b djc. Dt wdoo nf t`f edrst t`djc th nf rfkhvfm de aynfrjft-
kfjtbo ahkkbjm, t`f usfr th spfbi dj bjy he t`hsf das brf rfvhifm bs b pfjboty.
objcubcfs bt boo. ]`ds abj bosh trbjsobtf djth bjm nf-
twffj prhcrbkkdjc objcubcfs. Fxtfjmfm usf abusfs Rubm-Ofc Qystfk
kdcrbdjfs. ]`f mfvdaf—s Brftf ds rhoofm th batdvbtf trbjs- Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcf 54
obtdhj w`da` obsts ehr edvf mbys.
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 0
\djafr ]hho Brft
Brftf7
f7 =
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcf 54
Rudjtfssfjaf7 ><
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
Bnof th nf `dmmfj ujmfr ohhsf pbjts, t`ds khmdedab-
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1 tdhj rfpobafs t`f Qadfjtdst—s ofcs wdt` b sft he ehur ofcs
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26 wdt` aobws hj t`f fjms. Ehr crdppdjc hjth surebafs bjm
rfsdstdjc nfdjc odetfm hr ht`frwdsf khvfm, t`f Qadfjtdst
B rfpobafkfjt odkn, usubooy ehr brks nut shkftdkfs `bs Qtrfjct` 2<. Eurt`frkhrf, fjvdrhjkfjtbo pfjbotdfs
ehr ofcs, ahjsdstdjc th b pbdr he twh-ehht kftbo gbws th khvfkfjt spffm brf dcjhrfm bjm gukpdjc `fdc`ts
abpbnof he crbspdjc. Dt `bs bj feefatdvf Qtrfjct` he 6 bjm mdstbjafs brf mhunofm (qubmrupofm wdt` t`f fx-
bjm bjy tdkf Qtrfjct` ds rhoofm w`frf crdp ds fssfjtdbo- pfjmdturf he Rudjtfssfjaf.)
Rudjtfssfjaf.)..

55 Kystda Brkhry
Qifoftbo Fj`bjafkfjt bjm rfkbdj dj t`f systfk th rfpbdr dt bs jfafssbry. Dt
boohws t`f usfr th shbi Bccrbvbtfm mbkbcf, crbjtdjc
Cudmf th t`f ]fa`jharbay pbcf >>5
t`fk ehur bmmdtdhjbo shbi mdaf. Vphj ‟djstboobtdhj‛ bj
Kbcf7 ]`f Bsafjsdhj ><t` Bjjdvfrsbry Fmdtdhj pbcf 564 Brftf rhoo ds kbmf (mdeedauoty 5) th mftfrkdjf
mftf rkdjf de dt whris
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 > prhpfroy (de jht, b jfw djstbjaf abj nf djstboofm nut
wdt` +2 mdeedauoty), b nhta` hj t`ds rhoo ds fxtrfkfoy nbm
Bjy fj`bjafkfjt whrt` 1 mhts hr khrf rfqudrfs jfws ehr t`f usfr. Eurt`fr, t`ds rhoo kust nf rfpfbtfm,
t`ds
ofvfo fj`bjafkfjt.
he Bccrbvbtfm Sdt`hut dt, t`f
mbkbcf fvfry a`brbatfr
tdkf t`fy usftbifs
aynfr-b nut bt mdeedauoty 4, w`fjfvfr ht`fr aynfrjftdas brf dj-
stboofm djth b pfrshj wdt` Qtyx Brkhr.
jftdas. Bmmdtdhjbooy, t`ds cdvfs t`f a`brbatfr twh fxtrb
nbs`djc `fbot` ofvfos. Kby nf fdt`fr aynfrjftdas hr b Qunmfrkbo ]rbjsphjmfr
ndhkhm Cudmf th t`f ]fa`jharbay pbcf >>5
Qtyx Brkhr Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 > hr =
]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf 5< Brft
Brftf7
f7 2 hr 1
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5 B kdarh-trbjskdttfr bjm rfafdvfr, usubooy fknfmmfm
f knfmmfm
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1 djth t`f nbai he t`f jfai hr ujmfr t`f brk. S`fj
prfssfm, t`f Bcfjt abj sfjm sfaurf sdcjbos vdrtubooy
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26 bjyw`frf hj Fbrt`, bjm dt wdoo pdai up bjyt`djc wdt`dj
Qtyx Brkhr ahjsdsts he b ahoofatdhj he jbjdtfs djgfat- bnhut t`rff efft. ]`f `dc`fr ahst vfrsdhj dsj —t odkdtfm
fm djth t`f usfr. ]`fy nudom b kfs` nbsfm hj spdmfr- th Fbrt`, nut abj trbjskdt djth ht`fr mdkfjsdhjs w`fj
sdoi (2< tdkfs strhjcfr t`bj stffo) gust ujmfr t`f sidj jfafssbry.

Djtfrjbo 53
Qun-Mfrkbos
]rbmdtdhj Nhhi7 Udrtubo Bmfpts (^fvdsfm) pbcf 50
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26

Fssfjtdbooy b ahkputfr systfk djstboofm ujmfr t`f


sidj he t`f Kbcf, t`fsf brf cfjfrbooy hjoy phpuobr
bkhjc Aynfrpujis. ]`fy usubooy bvhdm b mdrfat
kdjm/kba`djf djtfrebaf bjm prfefr b sarffj dj t`f
ehrfbrk bjm vbrdhus `dmmfj nutthjs. Dj bmmdtdhj th
nfdjc b whridjc ahkputfr, t`f Qun-Mfrkbos `bvf t`rff
feefats, hjf t`bt kbifs t`f kbtfrdbo kua` khrf murb-
nof, w`da` mhwjcrbmfs mbkbcf erhk Bccrbvbtfm th
Oft`bo bjm Oft`bo th Nbs`djc, t`f sfahjm ds b \rdkf
nbsfm bttbai t`bt abj mh 6 mdaf he Bccrbvbtfm mbkbcf,
usubooy dj t`f ehrk he b tbsfr. ]`f t`drm ds b Ahrrf-
sphjmfjaf feefat t`bt cdvfs t`f usfm +1 mdaf th \frafp-
tdhj bjm boohws t`fk th dcjhrf kujmbjf nbrrdfrs dj
t`fdr dkkfmdbtf brfb. Vjehrtujbtfoy, fvfj `bvdjc t`ds
ahkputfr ds vuocbr, mfspdtf prhcjhstdabtdhjs t`bt dt
whuom shhj nf ht`frwdsf. ]`fy sffk th bowbys nf 6
yfbrs bwby erhk nfdjc ahdjadmfjtbo.
ahdjadmfjtbo.

]fofsahpdjc Odkn
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcf 54
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
Brft
Brftf7
f7 >
Rudjtfssfjaf7 2<
Edttfm wdt` bj djtfrjbo systfk he `hsfs, puoofys,
vbovfs bjm pdsthjs, t`ds fj`bjafkfjt boohws b Qadfjtdst

th fxtfjt
odkdts, upt`fdr rfba`
th tfj efftsdcjdedabjtoy
ehr brks bjm nfyhjm t`fdr
sdx efft ehr jhrkbo
ofcs. Dt
tbifs b euoo turj th fxtfjm hr rftrbat ujofss b Rudjtfs-
sfjaf ds spfjt. Muf th t`f bwiwbrmjfss t`bt khst pfh-
pof edjm wdt` t`fk, usdjc t`fk dj ahknbt w`fj fx-
tfjmfm abusfs b +> pfjboty th mdeedauoty.
m deedauoty.

50 Kystda Brkhry
Udsubo Mbtb & Bjboysds Qpfatruk (UMBQ) W=00-A Udmfh Mbtb ^ftrdfvbo Qystfk
Kbcf7 ]`f Bsafjsdhj ><t` Bjjdvfrsbry Fmdtdhj pbcf 566 Cudmf th t`f ]fa`jharbay pbcf >>0
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5 Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1-5 Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
]`f UMBQ cdvfs bj Bcfjt baafss th t`f Vjdhj—s mb- Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
tbnbsfs w`frfvfr t`fy ch. Hetfj dkpobjtfm, dt cdvfs b
arbwo he crffj tfxt dj t`f ahrjfr he t`f Bcfjt—s vdsdhj. ]`ds Fj`bjafkfjt abj rfturj up th >= `hurs he vdm-
fh he bjyt`djc t`bt t`f bcfjt sffs bjm `fbrs. ]`ds vdm-
Qdkdobr dj feefat th t`f ^dc`t-Aodai rhtf (Kbcf7 ]`f fh abj nf rftrdfvfm ny trbdjfm tfa`jdadbjs nbai bt t`f
Bsafjsdhj ><t` Bjjdvfrsbry Fmdtdhj pbcf 5<>), t`f usf nbsf. De t`f bcfjt mdfs, `hwfvfr, t`f vdmfh ds ohst. ]h
he b UMBQ rfqudrfs spfadbo trbdjdjc, djaoumdjc Kdjm 2 stbrt rfahrmdjc, t`f mfvdaf—s Brftf ds rhoofm.
ehr t`f Bcfjt. Khst UMBQ ujdts bosh djaoumf trbaidjc
sh t`bt t`f Vjdhj abj edjm t`f bcfjt usdjc dt, t`huc`
t`ds abj nf mdsbnofm ny fxtrfkfoy ijhwofmcfbnof usfrs.

Djtfrjbo 54
3< Kystda Brkhry
Odef bjm Jbturf

Qfoe-dkprhvfkfjt, `fbodjc bjm jbturf brf shkf he t`fdr usfrs, bjm t`fj t`frf brf t`f hjfs t`bt wdoo kb-
t`f homfst sungfats he kbcdaibo t`djidjc. Kbjy systfks jdpuobtf t`f eujmbkfjtbo ehrafs he jbturf t`fksfovfs.
he kbcdai nfcdj bs kftbp`hrs ehr t`f purdedabtdhj bjm ]`ds a`bptfr ds nrhifj up djth Shjmfrs t`bt kbif
rfedjfkfjt he t`f sfoe ny botfrdjc fxtfrjbo t`djcs. Dt ds usf he tfa`jdqufs he Bmvbjaf
Bmvbjafm m Ndhohcy, t`hsf t`bt cdvf
jh surprdsf, t`fj, t`bt t`frf brf jukfrhus Shjmfrs t`f usfr b Nhhst, t`f erudts he Kfmdabo Qadfjaf, khrf
mfsdcjfm th `bjmof t`fsf prhnofks. S`ft`fr bm-
Kystda @fbodjc, bjm edjbooy t`hsf t`bt kbjdpuobtf t`f
mrfssfm t`rhuc` t`f Qadfjaf he Ndhohcy hr t`f kystdabo eujmbkfjtbo ehrafs he Jbturf, nht` odvdjc bjm jhjodv-
Obw he Ahjtbcdhj, t`frf brf Shjmfrs t`bt wdoo `fbo djc.

BmvbjafmusfrNdhohcy
Jht boo kbjdpuobtdhjs he odefehrks brf `fbodjc hr md-
wdoo jht bcf, t`huc` fvfj b sdjcof mby obpsf wdoo
rfat dkprhvfkfjts th t`fdr \bttfrjs. Qhkftdkfs, khrf abusf t`fk th rfvfrt th t`fdr truf bcf bt b rbtf he hjf
ahkpofx t`djcs jffm th nf baahkpods`fm, w`da` rf- yfbr pfr mby wdt`hut trfbtkfjt.
qudrf bj bmvbjafm bjm mffp ujmfrstbjmdjc he ndhohcy.
Ndh-\rdjtfr
Bjtd-Cfrbshjf Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcf 53
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcf 53
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 0
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
Brft
Brftf7
f7 =
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 >< B twh ehht ny twh ehht ny twh-ehht aunf t`bt wfdc`s
B wbtfr edotrbtdhj systfk t`bt ds khst ahkkhjoy bt- bnhut ehrty phujms, t`f ndh-prdjtfr abj arfbtf syjt`ftda
tba`fm th s`hwfr`fbms. Qh ohjc bs dt ds usfm mbdoy, t`f eofs`. Vsubooy dt ds usfm th kbif `dc`-edmfodty rfpodabs
]`f aohjdjc prhafss nfcdjs bjm fjms wdt` b Kfkhry
Mukp, twh Brftf rhoos th ahpy t`f tbrcft—s kfkhrdfs
(t`fy kust nf prfsfjt!) djth t`f bttba`fm ahkputfr—s
`brm mrdvf bjm t`f sfahjm th pobaf t`fk djsdmf t`f
nobji aohjf. Fba` pdfaf he t`ds tbifs bs ohjc bs >=
`hurs muf th t`f s`fft sdzf he `ukbj kfkhry.
]`f arfbtdhj he t`f nobji aohjf nhmy tbifs bnhut b
wffi. ]`ds rfqudrfs edvf suaafssfs hj bj Brftf rhoo he
mdeedauoty 4 (rfmuadnof th 5 wdt` bmfqubtf prfpbrbtdhj
bjm sidoos) bjm t`rff rhoos kby nf kbmf murdjc bjy hjf
bttfkpt.

Eofs` Abjvbs
Cudmf th t`f ]fa`jharbay pbcf >>2
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
Brft
Brftf7
f7 =
Rudjtfssfjaf7 ><
B ehrk-edttdjc nhmysudt he ndhkbttfr t`bt t`f usfr
puts hj bjm dt kfoms wdt` t`fdr eofs`. ]`f rfsuot7 t`fy
abj ohhi odif bjyhjf w`hsf MJB `bs nffj sbkpofm ny
t`f sudt (djaoumdjc gust ny b thua`). ]`ds abj a`bjcf
nhmy prhphrtdhjs bjm, shkftdkfs, sfx, nut jht `fdc`t
bjm shkf ht`fr sdzf-nbsfm trbdts.

]`f Kbsi Kbifr


Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 Dtfrbtdhj P pbcf 0=
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 >
]`huc` \rhcfjdthrs a`bjcf t`fdr ebafs bjm nhmdfs
ehr mdscudsfs, t`bt abrrdfs rdsis bjm ds jht pbrtdauobroy
bjm rfpobafkfjt pbrts nut abj bosh arfbtf jhvfo pbrts. phpuobr bkhjc Dtfrbthrs. Djstfbm, t`fy usf Kbsi Kbi-
Hjf Rudjtfssfjaf wdoo prhvdmf eofs` whrt` hjf @fbot` frs. ]`fsf mfvdafs `bvf twh ahkphjfjts7 b kdarhebnrd-

Ofvfo. abtdhj ujdt abpbnof


prdjt mupodabthrs bjmhe ahjtbat
arfbtdjcofjsfs
nfodfvbnof kbsis, edjcfr
th rfprhmuaf rftd-
Aohjdjc Mfvdafs jbo pbttfrjs, bjm b sbkpodjc mfvdaf t`bt ds usfm th
]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf 53 djput t`f pbttfrj th arfbtf. Ehr ebadbo bjm vhdaf mds-
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 2< cudsfs, hjoy 2< kdjutfs he vdmfh he t`f tbrcft brf jfa-
fssbry, bjm hjoy >< kdjutfs brf jffmfm th arfbtf t`f
Brft
Brftf7
f7 6 kbsi. Edjcfrprdjts bjm rftdjbo pbttfrjs rfqudrf shkf
Rudjtfssfjaf7 >6 kfbjs he hntbdjdjc t`fk erhk t`f tbrcft.
]`huc` `ukbj aohjdjc rfkbdjs dj t`f rfbok he sad- ]`f mfvdaf bjm prhmuaf 2> kbsis nfehrf rfedoodjc,
fjaf-edatdhj ehr Qoffpfrs, t`f ]fa`jharbay `bs nffj nut t`f kbtfrdbos dt usfs brf fxpfjsdvf bjm rfqudrf
batdvf dj t`f brfb ehr kbjy yfbrs. Hom khmfo aohjfs ^fshurafs 1 th baqudrf, hr bpprhprdbtf ^fqudsdtdhjs.
wfrf kfjtbooy ujstbnof bjm s`hrt-odvfm9 `hwfvfr, t`f
bmvfjt he bjdkbo aohjfs `bs kbmf `ukbj aohjfs kua` \obstdQidj
khrf baafptbnof th t`f Ahjsfjsus. ]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf 60
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5

3> Kystda Brkhry


Brft
Brftf7
f7 1 rfbtf t`f kbcf. Nfabusf dt rfqudrfs t`bt t`f Kbcf dj-
vfst b pdfaf he t`fdr truf shuo, hjoy t`hsf w`h baafpt
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
nht` kystdadsk bjm `ypfrtfa` abj usf dt. Fba` usf
B \rhcfjdthr kbmf pobstda t`bt jfbroy pfrefatoy mu- rfqudrfs boo =< phdjts he Rudjtfssfjaf. Eurt`frkhrf,
podabtfs sidj. Dt abj nf usfm th ehrk mdscudsfs vfry fe- shkf fkhtdhjs bjm kfkhrdfs codta` muf th frrhrs dj
efatdvfoy, bjm dj ebat ahjtbdjs b ohw-ofvfo Kdjm feefat th t`f ahpy, nut b ebdourf hj t`f Brftf rhoo kfbjs t`bt t`f
kbif pfhpof hvfrohhi dkpfrefatdhjs dj t`f ehrk. Sdt` rfspbwjdjc ebdofm, bjm t`f jfxt bttfkpt abj hjoy nf
bkbta`
sdkpof
bjmBrftf rhoo,brft`f
pfhpof Mfvdaf
khrf odifoynfahkfs
th trust bt`bt
pfrefat
t`f kbmf wdt` b +2 mdeedauoty (bjm bjht`fr =< Rudjtfs-
sfjaf), bjm b nhta` ehuos t`f prhafss ehrfvfr, ahrrupt-
wfbrfr ds w`h t`fy sby t`fy brf. djc t`f Kbcf—s rfahrm.
]`f ^fnhhtfr Qfoe-^ftrdfvbo Ndh-\rdjtfr Thut` Mrucs
Kbcf7 ]`f Bsafjsdhj ><t` Bjjdvfrsbry Fmdtdhj pbcf 55> ]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf 5>
Brft
Brftf7
f7 0 Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 = pfr 2<
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 =< ]`huc` t`f Ehujtbdj he Thut` dtsfoe kby nf b kyt`,
Arfbtfm ny b abnbo he ujijhwj Kbstfrs (rukhrs t`f \rhcfjdthrs `bvf whrifm `brm th rfpodabtf dts sup-
ahvfr vdrtubooy bjyhjf t`bt abj nf jbkfm), t`fsf stbrt- phsfm prhpfrtdfs. ]`fy `bvf ahkf up wdt` twh aobssfs
fm th bppfbr dj ]rbmdtdhj A`bjtrdfs brhujm t`f whrom he mrucs t`bt wdoo rfsthrf yhut`7
dj ><<2, bppbrfjtoy hjf ehr fba` ]rbmdtdhj bjm hjf • Qtbtds ‑ \rhpfroy aboofm ‟Qtbtdahrpdmrdj,‛ Qtbtds ds
khrf. Dt ds b cdcbjtda 1M prdjtfr edoofm wdt` Rudjtfs-
sfjaf-fjrda`fm ndhkbss bjm usfs b sthrfm mbtb pbttfrj jbkfm ehr dts prdkbry
sthp a`bjcdjc. De tbifjfeefat7 dt abusfs
rfcuobroy, t`ft`f
dt `bots nhmy th
bcdjc
th rfarfbtf b mfbm kbcf erhk b nbaiup. \rdjtdjc bjm prhafss, t`huc` dt mhfs jht fxtfjm t`f `ukbj
‟nbidjc‛ t`f prhmuat tbifs 1 mbys, bjm hjaf rfnhhtfm, odefspbj. Dj ebat, ohjc tfrk usf kby mfarfbsf odef
t`f Kbcf rfspbwjs dj t`f stbtf w`frf t`f nbaiup wbs spbj, bs dt ds bsshadbtfm wdt` idmjfy mdsfbsf bjm sfv-
kbmf7 bjy kfkhrdfs, sidoos, fta. brf chjf. ]`ds usfs b frbo ht`fr jfcbtdvf sdmf-feefats. Sdt`mrbwbo ds fvfj
Odef 6/Kdjm 6/\rdkf 6/Qpdrdt 6/]dkf = feefat th rfa- whrsf, abusdjc trfkhrs, mfprfssdhj bjm baafofrbtfm

Odef bjm Jbturf 31


bcdjc ehr up th b khjt`. oy nf usfm ehr 1-2< yfbrs nfehrf dt stbrts abusdjc b
• Rudj ‑ ‟Rudjba`rhjhmyjf‛ erhk ‟qudjtfssfjaf‛ ohss he ^FK soffp, ofbmdjc th psya`htda nrfbi-
bjm ‟ba`rhjh,‛ Rudj ds b wffioy djgfatdhj cdvfj mhwjs, sudadmf dmfbtdhj bjm, fvfjtubooy, ahkb.
prdkbrdoy w`fj shkfhjf jffms th nf nrdnfm th tbif Sdt`mrbwbo erhk Rudj stbrts wdt`dj b mby he b
hj b obrcf hr fxtrfkfoy mdeedauot tbsi dj b `urry. kdssfm mhsf bjm ahjsdsts he sfdzurfs, `boouadjbtdhjs
Rudj batubooy rfvfrsfs bcdjc, nut dts sdmf feefats brf bjm fvfjtubo `fbrt ebdourf.
sdcjdedabjtoy strhjcfr t`bj t`hsf he Qtbtds. Dt abj hj-

Nhhstfrs
Kbjy Shjmfrs brf arfbtfm wdt` t`f purphsf he dk- • Frc Ahob Crffj7 Odif Frc ^fm bjm Nouf, nut ehr
prhvdjc t`f usfr, kbidjc t`fk skbrtfr, strhjcfr hr Qtbkdjb
ebstfr. • Frc Ahob Djmdch7 @fbos boo Nbs`djc mbkbcf.

Fjfrcy Mrdjis • Frc Ahob P-]rfkf7 Ahkndjfs t`f feefats he Frc


^fm bjm Crffj, t`huc` hjoy ehr b sdjcof `hur pfr
]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf 6<
mrdji bjm t`rff `hurs kbx. Dj bmmdtdhj th t`f sdmf
Nhhi he Qfarfts pbcf 25> feefats he ^fm bjm Crffj, t`f mrdjifr bosh cbdjs t`f
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 > pfr 5 pbai Qtrfss Btbvdsk Eobw.

Fjfrcy mrdjis brf pbrt he b ohjc-tfrk prhgfat he t`f Frc Ahob P-]rfkf ds pbrtdauobroy `brm th cft bp-
prhvfm de t`f Vjdhj prfefrs t`bt yhu ahjtdjuf odvdjc.
]fa`jharbtda
abj kbif yhu Vjdhj7 pfrsubmfstrhjcfr
nfttfr, skbrtfr, Qoffpfrshrt`bt b mrdji
ebstfr. ]`ds Dt—s `dc` ofvfo he nurjhut `bs chttfj dt jdaijbkfm
`bsj—t yft whrifm hut euooy, nut t`f mrdjis t`bt t`f MBA (Mfcrff Bnshoutf dj b Abj). Ehr fxpfjmbnof
Vjdhj djtfjms th rfofbsf th t`f punoda borfbmy fxdst bcfjts, t`huc`, t`fy abj nf phdjtfm bt bj fjfky,
bjm adrauobtf wdt`dj t`f Vjdhj. Qoffpfrs w`h mrdji `bjmfm Frc-P, bjm t`fj t`f supfrdhrs stbjm nbai bjm
t`fk cbdj odttof nfjfedt ht`fr t`bj nfdjc `ypfrabeefdj- wbta` t`f edrfwhris. ]`ds prhafss ds rfefrrfm th bs
btfm, nut Kbcfs bjm fxtrbhrmdjbry boodfs abj cft t`f ‟MBAdjc‛ shkfhjf.
euoo feefats.
@bzfojuts he Sdsmhk
Fba` eobvhr cdvfs t`f ehoohwdjc feefat ehr mrdjidjc Mfbm Kbcda > pbcf 2>2
hjf nhttof7
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 2 fba`
• Aobrdty7 nrdc`t hrbjcf edzzy mrdji. Mrdjidjc dt cdvfs
+2 \frafptdhj ehr ehur `hurs, bjm t`f rfsuots stbai up Hetfj usfm bs ehad, t`f @bzfojuts he Sdsmhk crhw
th +1, bjm abj nf fxtfjmfm up th 2> `hurs hj b sbarfm trff mffp dj t`f Vknrb, w`hsf ohabtdhj

• Nhhst7 b swfft purpof mrdji, dt cdvfs +2 Djtfoodcfjaf `bs ohjc


Sdts mdafnffj
phhos,ohst. Bs bdtehaus,
de fbtfj cdvfs bdt+>
cdvfs b +2thnhjus
nhjus th
Sdts ehr
ujmfr t`f sbkf ahjmdtdhjs t`bt Aobrdty nhhsts \frafp- t`f safjf.
tdhj
• Qjbp7 b crffj mrdji t`bt dkprhvfs Sdts odif Aobrd-
\outhjduk \doo
ty bjm Nhhst mh \frafptdhj bjm Djtfoodcfjaf ]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf 15

• Frc Ahob ^fm7 b abrnhjbtfm rfm mrdji, Frc ^fm Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 1 ehr 2<
nhhsts Qtrfjct` bs bnhvf, nut hjaf dt wfbrs hee t`f usfr Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
ohsfs strfjct` (th b kdjdkuk he 2) bs kua` bs t`fy
B pdoo t`bt usfs rbmdbtdhj th nhhst t`f djtfoodcfjaf he
`bm cbdjfm. De khrf t`bj t`rff wfrf ahjsukfm, t`fk
t`f usfr. S`fj tbifj, t`f pdoo—s Brftf ds rhoofm bjm
t`f mrdjifr nfahkfs bs wfbi bs b nbny ehr b mby bjm ds
fvfry twh suaafssfs bmm hjf th shkf Kfjtbo Bttrdnutf
fxtrfkfoy shrf ehr bt ofbst twh mbys betfr.
t`bt obsts ehr >= `hurs. De twh hr khrf brf tbifj dj b
• Frc Ahob Nouf7 Odif Frc ^fm, nut ehr Mfxtfrdty. =0-`hur pfrdhm, t`f obtfr mhsfs obst ofss tdkf (>< `hurs,
t`fj 2>, t`fj 0 bjm t`fj >). Eurt`frkhrf, betfr t`f
t`drm mhsf t`f nrbdj bjm `fbm stbrt th swfoo djth b
3= Kystda Brkhry
odc`tnuon s`bpf, bjm t`ds cfts khrf bjm khrf fxbccfr- Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 1 ehr 2< mhsfs
btfm wdt` fba` mhsf. Bjht`fr sdmf feefat ds bj frhsdhj ]bifj hrbooy hr djtrbvfjhusoy, Qupfr-Qtfrhdms wdoo dj-
he khrbo sfjsf. Bjm b edjbo sdmf feefat ds, he ahursf, arfbsf hjf \`ysdabo trbdt ny > mhts, twh trbdts ny hjf
abjafr. De tfj mhsfs brf tbifj dj b yfbr, t`f feefats stbrt mht fba`, hr cdvf twh fxtrb `fbot` ofvfos. ]`ds nhhst
th nfahkf pfrkbjfjt, djaoumdjc pfrkbjfjt \brbmhx. obsts ehr bnhut bj `hur, betfr w`da` t`f usfr tfjms th
Qupfr-Qtfrhdms `bvf wdt`mrbwbo.

Cudmf th t`f ]fa`jharbay pbcf >24

Kfmdabo Qadfjaf
]`huc` stdoo t`f prdkbry mhkbdj he t`f \rhcfjdthrs, Brftf ds rhoofm murdjc b nohhm mrbw. Quaafss abusfs b
t`f thhos bjm tfa`jdqufs he kfmdabo sadfjaf brf t`f ndt he t`f vdatdk—s fssfjaf th nf mrbwj wdt` t`f nohhm,
khst feefatdvf kft`hm ehr `fbodjc dj t`f khmfrj bjm dt ds trbjsefrrfm hjaf t`f nohhm ds ahjsukfm. ]`f
whrom, fspfadbooy ehr t`hsf w`h wbjt th bvhdm \brbmhx. vdatdk effos odstofss bjm ahjeusfm ehr wffis bjm ds fx-
@hwfvfr, kbjy he t`f Shjmfrs arfbtfm ny t`f \rhcfj- trfkfoy ujodifoy th Bwbifj betfr t`ds. ]`f ahjsukfr
dthrs th bdm t`fdr whri brf stdoo qudtf Uuocbr. cbdjs jht hjoy rfcuobr kfkhrdfs, nut bosh kusaof
kfkhry, cdvdjc t`fk baafss th t`f vdatdk—s Bndodtdfs.
Ndhohcdabo Mdsohabthr ]`f @yphmfrkda `bs jfvfr nffj usfm hj b Kbcf,
]fa`jharbay7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcfs =0 (bs Qabopfo he Ahrrfsphjm- nut dt whuom bokhst afrtbdjoy `bvf abtbstrhp`da feefats
fjaf) de dt wfrf, bttfkptdjc th stfbo b pdfaf he b Kbcf—s shuo.
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcf 53
@fodx ^djc
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5 ]fa`jharbay7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcfs =0
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1 Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26 B Cfjfcdjffr kbmf sdovfr rdjc wdt` b MJB mhunof-
]`f Ndhohcdabo Mdsohabthr boohws t`f aofbj rfkhvbo `fodx ahjtbdjdjc kdarh-syrdjcfs fta`fm djth dt. Dt `bs
he odkns wdt`hut sfvfrdjc nohhm vfssfos hr jfrvfs. ]`ds t`rff feefats. Dt abj sthrf b cfjftda pbttfrj ny mrbwdjc b
boohws t`f mhathr th pfrehrk bj hpfrbtdhj wdt`hut t`f tdjy sbkpof (dkpfrafptdnoy), dt abj djgfat bj bcfjt
rdsi he noffmdjc hut hr djefatdhj t`bt whuom jhrkbooy (bcbdj dkpfrafptdnoy) t`bt abusfs b kdjhr jfcbtdvf
nf prfsfjt. Hjf phdjt he Rudjtfssfjaf prfsfrvfs t`f kutbtdhj dj t`f tbrcft w`da` kbifs t`fk doo, bjm edjbo-
odkn ehr bj `hur. Odef \rhafmurfs brf jfafssbry ehr euoo oy dt abj rfsthrf hjf @fbot` ofvfo he t`f wfbrfr ny rf-
rfbttba`kfjt, t`f Mdsohabthr abj—t mh dt hj dts hwj. Dt pbdrdjc mbkbcf th t`fdr cfjhkf.
ABJ nf usfm dj ahknbt, nut dt hjoy mhfs ehur mdaf he
mbkbcf, abj hjoy nf usfm bt vfry aohsf rbjcf, bjm +>
Gbjcofr \hm
mdeedauoty th `dt. ]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf 30
]fa`jhkbjafr—s
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 2<
Mr. Mby's @yphmfrkda
Brft
Brftf7
f7 6
]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf 05
Rudjtfssfjaf7 >6
Brft
Brftf7
f7 6
]rdccfrfm ny b eobrf-up dj t`f Bsafjsdhj Sbr, t`f
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 >6
]rbmdtdhjs bjm t`f ]fa`jharbay ahkpftdjc ehr b sum-
Arfbtfm ny b Eboofj Ft`frdtf, t`f @yphmfrkda mrbws mfj obrcf phho he t`f jfwoy Bwbifjfm, Gbjcofr, b Ufr-
khrf t`bj gust nohhm. ]`f nohhm mhjhr wdoo sueefr nfjb `fbofr, pus`fm `ds ]fa`jhkbcdaibo phm djth usf
vbrdhus doojfssfs bs b pdfaf he t`fdr ‟odef fssfjaf‛ ds nfehrf whridjc boo t`f nucs hut. Bs b ahjsfqufjaf, dt ds
mrbwj hwj ehr t`f Mhathr—s usf. ]`ds djaoumfs ofbvdjc t`hrhuc`oy edfom tfstfm, nut t`f vuocbrdty he dts `fbodjc
t`f pbtdfjt wdt` b ndt he bkjfsdb, bs Mr. Mby tbifs bndodtdfs abusfs dt th nf ujrfodbnof. Bj Brftf rhoo ds
shkf he t`fdr kfkhrdfs. kbmf, mdeedauoty 3 (0 wdt` Qoffpfr wdtjfssfs), bjm hj b

Odef bjm Jbturf 36


suaafss dt tbifs bj `hur th `fbo t`f pfrshj djsdmf dt B pfj s`bpfm mfvdaf supphsfmoy nbsfm hj bjadfjt
euooy, ofbvfs b efw sabrs, bjm t`f pbtdfjt kust rfst he Kbrtdbj tfa`jhohcy, dt wdoo whri tfj tdkfs nfehrf dt
sfvfrbo `hurs. Hj b ebdourf dt abusfs djtfjsf pbdj, nut wfbrs hut (trbaifm wdt` Rudjtfssfjaf t`bt abjjht nf
jh djgury. B nhta`,
nhta`, `hwfvfr, abusfs 6 Bccrbvbtfm
Bccrbvbtfm rfpobafm). Dt bjm aofbr t`f vbrdhus pbt`wbys he b `ukbj
mbkbcf th t`f pfrshj djsdmf t`f phm, bjm ahkdjc erhk nhmy, mfbodjc wdt` mfprfssdhj, ebtdcuf, kdjhr ba`fs
\brbmhx kbifs dt fvfj mfbmodfr t`bj ht`fr t`djcs, t`ds bjm pbdjs bjm sdkpof doojfssfs.
ds usubooy fjhuc` th idoo bjyhjf w`h ds djgurfm fjhuc`
th nf b pbtdfjt. Kfm \bai
]fa`jharbay7 Uhdm Fjcdjffrs pbcf 62
Fba` batdvbtdhj ahsts twh Rudjtfssfjaf bjm rfqudrfs
bj Djtfoodcfjaf + ]fa`jhohcy rhoo (mdeedauoty 0). De Cudmf th t`f ]fa`jharbay pbcf >><
ebdofm, t`ds djarfbsfs t`f mdeedauoty he t`f Brftf rhoo ny Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
>.
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
Kbrtdbj \urdedfr Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
]fa`jhkbjafr—s ]hynhx pbcf 1>
Bj boo-purphsf kfmdabo pbai. Sdt` t`f pbai bjm 2<
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 = kdjutfs, bjyhjf w`h ijhws bjyt`djc bnhut kfmdadjf
Brft
Brftf7
f7 > abj pfrehrk feefatdvf edrst bdm. Ny ehoohwdjc t`f mdrfa-
tdhjs, bjyhjf wdt` Kfmdadjf 1 abj rhoo t`f \bai —s Brf-
Rudjtfssfjaf7 2< tf (bt mdeedauoty 5) th `fbo b tbrcft, bs de wdt` Odef 17 fba`
suaafss `fbos hjf ofvfo he mbkbcf, ahstdjc hj Rudjtfs-
35 Kystda Brkhry
sfjaf th usf bjm bj bmmdtdhjbo hjf ehr fba` phdjt he Jhj-\ujaturdjc Djgfathr
Bccrbvbtfm mbkbcf `fbofm t`ds wby.
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcf 53
Jbjhpbta` Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcf 55
Brft
Brftf7
f7 >
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 > ehr 2< pbta`fs
Rudjtfssfjaf7 2<
B jbjhpbta` ds rhuc`oy t`f sdzf he b jdahtdjf pbta`
bjm usfm ehr fkfrcfjay edrst bdm. Dt ahjtbdjs jbjdtfs S`dof Qoffpfrs brf stdoo fxpfrdkfjtdjc wdt` bdr-
prfssurf mfodvfry systfks ehr kfmdadjfs, t`f \rhcfjd-
w`da` brf bppodfm th t`f pbta`fm brfb bjm mh shkf thrs `bvf borfbmy khvfm nfyhjm dt. Vsdjc Mdkfjsdhjbo
qudai-bjm-mdrty rfpbdr whri, `fbodjc b sdjcof `fbot` Qadfjaf, t`f Jhj-\ujaturdjc Djgfathr abj jht hjoy
ofvfo (de Bccrbvbtfm, t`f sungfat kust bosh spfjm b djgfat kfmdadjf djth t`f nohhmstrfbk wdt`hut pujatur-
phdjt he Sdoophwfr). djc t`f sidj, nut abj fvfj mh sh bt b mdstbjaf wdt` b
Jbjhvbaadjf Mfxtfrdty + Fjfrcy Sfbphjs rhoo. Fba` usf rfqudrfs b
phdjt he Rudjtfssfjaf.
Ahjvfjtdhj Nhhi7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcf 53
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 = Qyrdjcf \`brkbahpfdb
]fa`jharbay7 \rhcfjdthrs pbcfs =0
Brft
Brftf7
f7 >
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
Rudjtfssfjaf7
Rudjtfssfjaf7 2<
Bppfbrdjc th nf b syrdjcf, dt batubooy ahjvfrts sthrfm
]`huc`
bcbdjst khst \rhcfjdthr
ahkkhj doojfssfs, edfom bcfjts t`fy
shkftdkfs brf vbaadjbtfm
ruj djth jhjphdshjhus hr kfmdadjbo odqudms (usubooy wbtfr) djth
phdshjs hr sfmbtdvfs t`bt rfqudrf b Qtbkdjb rhoo (mdeed-
shkft`djc rbrf hr jhvfo. ]`f jbjhvbaadjf ds b qudai
djgfatdhj t`bt wdoo bttbai bjy mdsfbsf t`bt `bsj —t auoty 4) th rfsdst.
rfba`fm bj drrfvfrsdnoy oft`bo stbtf, aurdjc dt wdt`dj
`hurs.

Kystda @fbodjc
Kfmdabo sadfjaf mhfsj—t `bvf b khjhphoy hj `fbo- B @fbodjc Edcurdjf ds b edcurdjf he bj bjdkbo hr b
djc. Kystdabo kft`hms he rfahvfrdjc erhk doojfss bjm pfrshj wdt` b shht`djc hr ht`frwdsf nfjfvhofjt jb-
djgury, hr fvfj mfeofatdjc dt bs dt `bppfjs, `bvf nffj dj turf. S`fj sthrfm dj t`f rhhk he b sdai pfrshj, dt
usf ehr kdoofjjdb. mhunofs t`f rbtf he `fbodjc ehr bjyhjf w`h rfsts dj
t`bt rhhk.
Aoby Kbj Bkuoft
@frnbo \obstfr he t`f Bjadfjts
Mrbchj—s Edrf pbcf >0
Ehrcfm ny Mrbchj—s
Nhhi he Q`bmhws pbcf 26<
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 6
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 6
B aoby bkuoft dj t`f s`bpf he b kbj, whrj hj b ahrm
brhujm t`f jfai. Dt ds bttujfm th t`f hwjfr ny nohhm Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
hr sfkfj, bjm erhk t`frf dt bnshrns t`f jfxt edvf Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
whujms t`fy tbif w`dof wfbrdjc dt dj t`fdr fjtdrfty. Batdvbtfm ny bppodabtdhj th b whujm, t`fsf spfadbooy-
Fba` whujm abusfs b odkn th aruknof, wdt` t`f edet` trfbtfm aoht`s abj `fbo whujm qudaioy, sbvdjc t`f usfr's
bjm edjbo hjf abusdjc t`f `fbm th mh sh. odef dj b mdrf fkfrcfjay.
@fbodjc Edcurdjf Kbstfr Ghrh's Qbs`
Mfbm Kbcda pbcf 12
Kbcf7 ]`f Bsafjsdhj (>jm Fmdtdhj) pbcf >05
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5

Odef bjm Jbturf 33


Rudjtfssfjaf7 26 Sbjm he @fbot`
Kbmf ny b 25t` afjtury Gbpbjfsf Bibs`da, t`ds w`dof Mrbchj—s Edrf pbcf 5<
Ehrcfm ny Mrbchj—s
sdoi sbs` bnshrns mbkbcf ehr t`f wfbrfr. Dt abj bnshrn
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
hjf phdjt he mbkbcf ehr fba` phdjt he t`f wfbrfr —s
Brftf bjm turjs erhk w`dtf th pdji th rfm bs dt tbifs Brft
Brftf7
f7 =
t`f mbkbcf. Fba` `fbot` ofvfo bnshrnfm ahsts hjf B whhm, nhjf hr kftbo wbjm wdt` b pbdr he abrvfm
Rudjtfssfjaf. ]`ds ds vuocbr. ]`f sbs` abj nf odc`tfjfm sfrpfjts wrbppdjc brhujm dt. Dt abj spffm t`f rfahvfry
(rfofbsdjc hj phdjt he mbkbcf) ehr fba` `hur t`f wfbr- erhk bjy djgury. Vsfm ny nht` Ufrnfjb bjm @frkft-
fr spfjms kfmdtbtdjc w`dof wfbrdjc dt. das, t`fy `bvf rbt`fr mdeefrfjt bttdtumfs thwbrms t`fsf
wbjms7 @frkftdas vdfw t`fk bs thhos bjm jht`djc
Kfmdadjf Nbc
khrf, Ufrnfjb ahjsdmfr t`fk sbarfm trusts th nf usfm
Mfbm Kbcda pbcf 1> th nfjfedt ht`frs. De b pbtdfjt ds thua`fm ny dt, t`f wbjm
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 > rhoos Brftf bt mdeedauoty 6. Fba` suaafss `fbos b nbs`djc
Vjrfobtfm th t`f kfmdadjf phua`fs he t`f Bkfrdabs, hr oft`bo @fbot` Ofvfo bt b spffm twh ofvfos `dc`fr.
bj Berdabj kfmdadjf nbc `homs nhjfs, s`foos, twdstfm Eurt`fr, hjf suaafss abj aurf b mdsfbsf dj ehur mbys
rhhts, stdais bjm tfft` ehr usf dj sukkhjdjc spdrdts. bjm eurt`fr suaafssfs fba` `bovf t`ds tdkf. ]`f mdeed-
]`f spdrdts t`bt brf sukkhjfm t`fj ehaus hj `fbodjc. auoty hj aurdjc b mdsfbsf ds t`f ]hxdj ^btdjc. ]h `fbo
Dj ebat, bjy Odef hr Qpdrdt ehausfm feefat w`hsf djtfjt ds mbkbcf (djaoumdjc Bccrbvbtfm) djstbjtoy, t`f wbjm
th `fbo w`frf t`f kfmdadjf nbc ds usfm bs bj djstru- rhoos Brftf (mdeedauoty 5), nut t`f usfr sueefrs b ofvfo he
nbs`djc ehr fba` ofvfo he nbs`djc hr oft`bo `fbofm, bjm
kfjt cbdjs hjf mdf. hjf he oft`bo ehr fvfry ofvfo he bccrbvbtfm. ]`ds abj nf
]hjdas bjm \htdhjs rfvfrsfm th `fbo t`f usfr ny abusdjc mbkbcf th shkf-
Nhhi he Q`bmhws pbcf 26< hjf fosf.

Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 1 ehr 2< Shujm-Nfbrdjc ]hra


@frnbo hr boa`fkdabo kdxfs, thjdas bjm phtdhjs abj Mrbchj—s Edrf pbcf >=
Ehrcfm ny Mrbchj—s
`bvf b wdmf vbrdfty he usfs. ]`f khst ahkkhj hjfs, Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
t`huc`, brf `fbodjc bjm p`ysdabo fj`bjafkfjt.
Khst ahkkhjoy thras, t`fsf brtdebats bosh ahkf bs
]wdodc`t Nbok pfjmbjts, brk nbjms, nfots, rdjcs bjm ht`fr ehrks.
Kbcf7 ]`f Qhrafrfr—s Arusbmf pbcf >05 ]`fsf brtdebats bnshrn t`f edrst 2< @fbot` Ofvfos he
mbkbcf t`bt t`f Kbcf tbifs, bjm t`fj rfturjs t`fk th
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 = ehr 2< t`f Kbcf bt b rbtf he hjf ofvfo pfr mby stbrtdjc t`f jfxt

]`ds nbok
djefatdhj, ds abpbnof
thxdj he aurdjc
hr phdshj. bokhst
Dt ds kbmf bjykbjmrbif
erhk spdrdtubo khrjdjc. De dt dsdsrfkhvfm
boo t`f mbkbcf bssdcjfm bjm putjfw
th t`f hj ny b jfw
wfbrfr Kbcf,
dkkfmd-
rhht, b aofbj odjfj bjm =3 `frns cbt`frfm bt mbwj. De dt btfoy.
ds bppodfm ujmfr t`f odc`t he t`f khhj, dt wdoo whri.

Jbturf
Khst he t`f Shjmfrs beefatdjc t`f ehrafs he jbturf Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 3
mh sh ny kbjdpuobtdjc odvdjc t`djcs, t`huc` jht boo mh. Brft
Brftf7
f7 =
Bkhjc t`f Shjmfrs dj t`ds sfatdhj brf t`hsf t`f ahj-
Rudjtfssfjaf7 ><
trho bjdkbos, pobjts, efrtdodty…nut bosh t`f \b`u Djh-
Jud w`da` ahjtrhos t`f wfbt`fr bjm abj sukkhj fx- Arfbtfm ny Ufrnfjb spfadbodsts, t`ds ahrm `bs t`rff
trfkfoy vdhofjt sthrks. ijhts dj dt, bjm fba` ijhw ndjms b wdjm spdrdt. ]`f
edrst b cfjtof wfst wdjm, t`f sfahjm b strhjc fbst wdjm
Ahrm he t`f ]`rff Sdjms bjm t`f obst b eurdhus jhrt`frj wdjm. Vjndjmdjc b
Nhhi he Q`bmhws pbcf 2=4 ijht rfofbsfs t`f spdrdt bjm t`f wdjm dt ahkfs erhk.
30 Kystda Brkhry
Mfbm Kbcda > pbcf 13
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 0

Abrvfm erhk nbsbot (hr ht`fr dcjfhus rhai), t`f


Mhrkbjay ]did `bs ds hnohjc wdt` b ahjdabo `fbm. Dt
sfrvfs hjf fssfjtdbo purphsf7 dt ahjtbdjs spdrdts t`bt
shht`f t`f spdrdts he ohabo vhoabjhfs th prfvfjt frup-
tdhjs.

Efrtdodty ]did
Mfbm Kbcda > pbcf 1=
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 =
Qodc`toy khrf rhujmfm t`bj jhrkbo tdids, Efrtdodty
]dids tfjm th nfbr b sodc`t rfsfknobjaf th b nbny.
]`fsf supphrt t`f cfjfrbo `fbot` he t`hsf jfbrny bjm
iffp bwby spdrdts he dkphtfjaf w`dof djarfbsdjc t`f
odifod`hhm he prfcjbjay.

Chomfj Sbojut
Nhhi he Q`bmhws pbcf 2=4
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 6
Brft
Brftf7
f7 1
Rudjtfssfjaf7 26
B obrcf, bknfr wbojut. S`fj `fom bjm ehausfm hj,
t`f usfr abj abusf jfbrny pobjts th crhw qudaioy bjm
nohsshk.

]`f Djefrjbo Khof-Nohwfr


]rbmdtdhj Nhhi7 Qhjs he Ft`fr (2st Fmdtdhj) pbcf 5=

Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 5
Brft
Brftf7
f7 =
Rudjtfssfjaf7 ><
B stffo nhx wdt` cfbrs, b cbs fjcdjf bjm `hofs dj t`f
sdmfs ehr djsfrtdjc rhbm eobrfs, t`ds mfvdaf ds mfsdcjfm
ehr mrdvdjc vfjhkhus bjdkbos erhk t`fdr obdrs. Dt arf-
btfs jhdsf bjm skhif, mdrfatdjc dt bt t`f obdr he t`f
bjdkbos th nf mrdvfj hut.

\b`u Djh-Jud
Mfbm Kbcda > pbcf 1>
Nbaicrhujm Ahst7 2<

Mhrkbjay ]did Odef bjm Jbturf 34

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