1

PREVALENCE OF CHILD ABUSE IN DAVAO CITY: BASIS FOR

PREVENTIVE MEASURE

An Outline Proposal Presented to the

Faculty of the College of Criminal Justice Education

University of Mindanao

Davao City

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor in Science in Criminology

CHRISTIAN JACOB E. CADAVIDO

NORLAN JOY Y. CALCEÑA

JUNE L. OVIEDO

January 2022
 2

APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled "PREVALENCE OF CHILD ABUSE IN DAVAO CITY:

BASIS FOR PREVENTIVE MEASURE" prepared and submitted by CHRISTIAN
JACOB E. CADAVIDO, NORLAN JOY Y. CALCEÑA and JUNE L. OVIEDO in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Science in
Criminology has been examined and hereby recommended for acceptance and
approval.

JONALYN NALZARO
Adviser

______________________________________________________________
PANEL OF EXAMINERS
APPROVED by the Research panel with a grade of _____.

___________________________
Chairperson

_________________________ ________________________
Member Member

______________________________________________________________
ACCEPTED in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Criminology.

CARMELITA B. CHAVEZ, Ph.D.

Dean College of Criminal Justice Education
 iii

ABSTRACT

The researchers conducted the study to know how prevalent the child abuse

cases are in Davao City and understand its preventive measure. The

researchers utilized a descriptive method to identify the Prevalence of Child

Abuse in Davao City: Basis for Preventive Measures. The illustrative method

is used in this study because it only has one variable. Using the data gathered

in WCPD, the researchers analyzed and interpreted it. For the data to be

statistically analyzed and interpreted, the statistical tool employed was

Secondary Data. The study showed that based on the result, the number of

child abuse cases declined during months between January-December 2015

and the same result from the comparison of the year 2015-2020. Another

finding is the top 5 highest child abuse cases in Davao city, namely, physical

injury, other Acts of Abuse, Rape, Acts of Lasciviousness, and Incestuous

Rape.

Keywords: prevalence, child abuse, preventive measure

 iv

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This study would not have been perceived or developed without the

assistance and support of these individuals, who have made a significant

contribution to the study's success. As a result, the researcher would like to

express their gratitude and gratitude to the following individuals who

participated and extended their time and effort to make this study effective

and meaningful:

To God Almighty for providing the researchers with His wisdom and

direction for the study to succeed.

To Prof. Jonalyn Nalzaro, our adviser, for her unwavering support

during this research, as well as his patience, drive, enthusiasm, and extensive

expertise. His advice was invaluable in helping us read through our multiple

edits and make sense of the confusion.

With their support, insightful remarks, and complex questions, the

evaluators, statisticians, grammarians, and members of the committee or

panel helped improve, analyze, and comprehend the study.

To the family, thank you for their unwavering financial and emotional

support during the research.

Lastly, they would like to extend their heartfelt gratitude to everyone

who helped make this research study reality.

 v

DEDICATION

This research is dedicated to our great parents, who have always

encouraged us and taught us that even the most challenging task could be

accomplished if approached incrementally. The researchers would also want

to dedicate this work to the faculty and staff of the University of Mindanao and

its criminology students. Finally, but certainly not least, God the Almighty's

presence has equipped us with his guidance, bravery, and knowledge to

assist us throughout the process.

 vi

TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE

PAGE

TABLE

LIST OF FIGURES

CHAPTER

1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Background of the Study

Statement of the Problem
Review of Related Literature
Theoretical and Conceptual Framework
Significance of the Study
Definition of Terms

2 METHOD 12

Research Design
Research Subject
Data Gathering Procedure
Statistical Treatment of Data 13

3 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS 14

Number of child abuse incident per month 14
Number of child abuse incident per year 15
Nature of child abuse cases 16
Prevention Strategies of Child Abuse Incidents: A Proposal 17
Objectives: 19
Table 4. Prevention Strategy for Child Abuse Incidents: A
Proposal 20

4 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION 22

Summary of findings 22
 vii

Conclusion 23
Recommendations 23

REFERENCE

APPENDICES

A. Plagiarism Check Result

B. Title Proposal
C. Title Approval Form
D. Undergraduate Research Agreement
E. Assignment of Research Personnel
F. Letter of Acceptance of the Adviser
G. Endorsement for Outline Defense
H. Endorsement for Final Defense
I. Consultation Form/Routing Slip
J. Permission to Conduct the Study
K. Certificate of Appearance
L. Original Copy of Data
M. Letter and Certification- Statistician

CURRICULUM VITAE
 viii

LIST OF TABLES PAGE

1 Number of child abuse incidents per month 14

2 Number of child abuse incident per year 15

3 Nature of child abuse cases 16

4 Table 4. Prevention Strategy for Child Abuse Incidents: A proposal 20

 ix

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE PAGE

1 Conceptual paradigm of the study 10

 1
4

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Background of the Study

Child abuse is a significant global problem that can take the form of

physical, emotional, sexual, or just a failure to provide a child's necessities.

These situations can harm the child's mental health in the long run. As a

result, child abuse occurs when someone acting in the role of caretaker does

or threatens to cause harm to a child. It is a global issue with no social, ethnic,

or racial boundaries (Kemoli, A. M. & Mavindu, M., 2014). Moradi (2015)

stated that children and adolescents' abuse, maltreatment, and neglect are

global issues threatening their health and well-being. Unfortunately, an

estimated 300 million children are exposed to everyday violence, exploitation,

and abuse worldwide. Furthermore, this includes child labor in the most

heinous forms, Armed conflict, female genital mutilation, underage marriage,

being sold into slavery, or being recruited via the internet are all examples.

Additionally, survivors of child abuse may face difficulties later in life, such as

low academic performance, drug use, teen pregnancy, being sold into slavery

or being contacted by strangers on the internet, and criminal behavior, all of

which harm the victim and the community.

According to Hunter (2014), children subjected to similar abuse and

neglect have different outcomes. Child abuse can have long-term and

debilitating repercussions for certain children and adolescents; however, other

children and adolescents may have less severe consequences. Moreover,

according to Southall and MacDonald (2013), even though child abuse can be

classified in various ways, the types of harm that are perpetrated can be used
 2

to affect immediate management and

future protection. Also, when children have been abused, they are likely to

have a combination of different types of abuse, and it might be challenging to

detect specific symptoms, such as bruising, which is relatively common

among children. Abuse is occasionally harmed by issues faced by parents or

caregivers, which must also be addressed. Financial difficulties,

unemployment, mental health difficulties, or substance abuse disorders are

possible outcomes. They could have been abused as children (Brazier, 2018).

In the first quarter of 2016, the Department of Social Welfare and

Development (DSWD) received 2,147 reports of child abuse, with more than a

quarter of them being sexual in nature. According to the DSWD's Policy

Development and Planning Bureau, this amount represents over half of the

4,374 child abuse incidents documented in 2015. In a statement released last

week, Social Welfare Secretary Judy Tuguiwalo urged the public to be more

vigilant in protecting children in the face of an increase in child abuse cases in

the country (Yap,2016).

Since children are the most vulnerable individual in the community,

they are most prone to experiencing negative life results in the future. They

usually experience different abuse such as physical abuse, emotional abuse,

sexual abuse, and neglect. Due to this existence, the researchers have

decided to conduct this study and know the basis behind the most common

forms of child abuse, particularly in Davao City, and the preventive measures

that can be taken.

 3

Statement of the Problem

This study will determine the prevalence of child abuse cases in Davao

City from 2015 to 2020. The findings of the study are to propose a preventive

measure. Specifically, the study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What is the rate of child abuse cases in the year 2015 - 2020, in terms

of:

1.1 Number of cases in a month;

1.2 Number of cases per year

1.3 Nature of Child abuse cases

2. Based on the findings, what preventive measures can be proposed?

Review of Related Literature

Child abuse is defined as the neglect or maltreatment of children under

eighteen. It encompasses all forms of physical or emotional violence, sexual

abuse, neglect, and other forms of exploitation that jeopardize a child's health,

life, growth, or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust, or

control. Child abuse is a global problem that has long-term ramifications.

Despite recent national surveys in several low- and middle-income nations,

many countries lack evidence (World Health Organization, 2020). Child abuse

is any act or conduct by an adult in society, the state, or another child that has

a detrimental effect on a child's physical, emotional, mental, or social

development. The individuals responsible for all types of acts of abuse aimed

at an abused child were researched as part of the current study. It was

determined that children of all genders and ages were mistreated most by
 4

their peers, followed by family members and relatives. According to most

youth, friends, family members, and relatives insult humiliate, or physically

abuse the children's feelings and ideas (Osmanoglu, 2018).

Addressing multiple risk factors associated with child abuse include

disability, family violence, and poor health. Moreover, the comparative efficacy

of general family support services and center-focused programs addressing

families based on poverty-related psychosocial causes, child neglect, punitive

parenting, and child failures, such as traumatic life activities, maternal

depression, and low social support, was not measured. Child abuse is defined

as any form of physical, sexual, social, or simply neglecting a child's needs.

The factors stated can leave serious, long-lasting psychological harm during

puberty. Child abuse is known to be a severe global problem (Kemoli and

Mavindu, 2014)

Sexual abuse is defined as any act that forces or entices a kid or young

person to engage in sexual acts. It is sexual assault even if the youngster

does not understand what is going on and there is no coercion,

aggressiveness, or even touch. Sexual harassment occurs when a child is

coerced or invited to engage in some behavior that causes the other to

become aroused. In some instances, recognizing parents who need

assistance and providing counseling and training may help parents prevent

child violence (Brazier, 2018).

 5

Child Abuse Cases

Physical Abuse. Children's physical abuse is a global public health

issue with various short- and long-term negative consequences. Physical

abuse affects 22.9 percent of European children at some point. Despite

having a lower incidence rate, 15 percent of

all Swedish children report becoming victims. (Thulin, J. K., 2019). According

to a large body of research, physical abuse and other poor childhood

experiences have substantial long-term impacts on mental and physical

health in adulthood. (Annerbäck, EM., Svedin, C.G. & Dahlström, Ö., 2018).

Emotional Abuse. While all forms of childhood maltreatment were likely

to be associated with insecure adult attachment, only childhood emotional

abuse was a clear indicator of severe attachment anxiety compared to other

forms of child maltreatment. Only emotional abuse increased the likelihood of

insecure adult attachment, and only emotional abuse increased the threat of

insecure adult attachment. Additionally, emotional trauma as a child is a

substantial predictor of adult insecure attachment. It would be fascinating to

research other forms of abuse that have already been well examined, such as

sexual or physical abuse (Erozkan, 2016). A comprehensive meta-analysis

combined the prevalence of child emotional abuse from 29 research including

46 different samples totaling 7,082,279 people. Child emotional abuse was

estimated to occur at a rate of 3/1,000 in informant-based research and

363/1,000 in self-report studies. (Stoltenborgh, M., Bakermans-Kranenburg,

M. J., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Alink, L. R. A. (2012).

Sexual Abuse. When a child is sexually abused, they participate in a

sexual act that they do not understand, cannot agree to, or are not
 6

developmentally ready. As a result, child sexual abuse is defined as an act

between an adult and a child who is in a position of responsibility, trust, or

power due to their age or development, with the activity intended to please or

satisfy the desire of the child (Kraft, 2017). In addition, Sexual contact is also

characterized as sexual abuse in kids, which involves non-body contact

(exhibitionism) and bodily contact such as sexual touching, oral, virginal, and

anal intercourse (Lindsay, 2012).

Neglect. Neglect is the most common kind of child maltreatment. It

involves poor parenting or caregiving, which may be affected by domestic

violence, the addition of new partners to the family, or placing a child in the

care of the local government. There is a common misconception that children

nearing or in their early adolescent years are innately resilient and do not

require supportive parents, attention, or affection (Jones,2021). Moreover,

according to research, child neglect is a global problem that affects all nations

and communities, as stated by World Health Organization. Most research was

conducted in North America, with 11 studies in Asia, two in Europe, and two in

Australia (Tingberg, B., & Nilsson, D., 2020).

Preventive Measures for Child Abuse

Preventive measures include public awareness campaigns and training

on child rights and child protection, assistance to parents and caregivers, and

inspection and monitoring services.

The Comprehensive Child Protection Program employs a method that

entails actions and interventions that increase family, community, and local

government awareness of the Convention on the Rights of the Child;

promotes responsible and effective parenting education among families with

 7

children in need of special protection; supports livelihood activities and

facilitates access to credit and employment opportunities for children at risk,

and equips children with knowledge. Establish effective built-in screening and

monitoring mechanisms for at-risk children within essential social services at

the barangay, city, and municipal levels; organize, activate, and develop local

councils for the protection of children (LCPC), particularly at the barangay

level; and improve the technical skills of program managers, supervisors,

social workers, and other service providers in assisting children (Yacat, 2011).

Physical Abuse. Parenting programs have been shown in previous studies to

help prevent the recurrence of child physical abuse. Four reviews serve as the

foundation for the current investigation and, more specifically, the meta-

analysis. Conduct a high-quality systematic review of individual and group-

based parenting interventions with the goal of reducing risk factors for re-

abuse and preventing child physical abuse. According to this review of RCTs,

parenting programs are a promising treatment method for preventing new

episodes of abuse in families with a history of physical abuse. Additionally,

when parenting programs are provided to families with a suspected or proven

history of abuse, they have been shown to help reduce risk factors associated

with re-abuse. The authors chose not to conduct a meta-analysis of outcomes

because their search revealed a large number of studies with a wide range of

effects (Vlahovicova, K., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Leijten, P., Knerr, W., &

Gardner, F., 2017).

Emotional Abuse. Child and adolescent psychiatrists, clinical

psychologists, and other professionals who regularly work with children and

adolescents must actively look for signs of emotional abuse and intervene to
 8

educate and safeguard when necessary to reduce the short- and long-term

harm caused by emotional abuse. It is also critical for these disciplines to

collaborate with legislators and law enforcement agencies to ensure that

emotional abuse is recognized correctly in government regulations, even

when there are no outward indicators and no historically marginalized

communities are overlooked.

Mental health professionals should be encouraged and enabled to

participate in grassroots efforts to increase public awareness about the

indications and effects of these highly damaging types of kid maltreatment,

armed with scientific data (Kumari, 2020).

Sexual Abuse. This case study describes the Enough Abuse

Campaign, a multidisciplinary, statewide campaign aimed at preventing child

sexual abuse in Massachusetts. The study employs the Institute of Medicine's

Framework for Collaborative Community Action on Health to provide a

systematic description of the campaign aimed at establishing a state-level

infrastructure for preventing child sexual abuse, measuring public perceptions

of child sexual abuse, establishing local infrastructures in three communities,

and implementing training programs aimed at reducing child sexual abuse,

and (d) promoting reforms to child sexual abuse-related systems in The case

study concludes with recommendations for the future direction of the

campaign and research areas on child sexual abuse. (Schober, 2011)

Neglect. Traditional case management through Child Protective

Services is the primary program geared to preventing recurrences of child

maltreatment. Due to ethical concerns regarding withholding treatment,

whether CPS services are more effective than no services is unknown. In

 9

addition to CPS, other programs targeting parent behaviors and parent-child

interactions have been developed to reduce the recurrence of neglect, but

there is "insufficient evidence to conclude that neglect-specific interventions

reduce recurrence." Multisystemic Therapy, Childhaven Therapeutic Child

Care, and imaginative play therapy have all been shown to help prevent

recurrence of neglect in some cases, although additional research is

necessary. This section discusses three interventions aimed at preventing

recurrences of neglect: SafeCare, a pilot home visiting program in Canada,

and Homebuilders. Only SafeCare's efficacy was found to be promising

(Blumenthal, 2015).

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

This study will be anchored and generated by the Theory of Change

developed by Anderson in 2005. The theory of change is used to guide

evidence gathering and learning in the field of children protection. The theory

of change may also be a valuable tool for building strategy; it can help offices

think through the various ways to improve protective settings and integrate

efforts at different levels into a more cohesive plan.

The theory highlights the changes that must occur at many levels for

children to be protected from abuse, neglect, exploitation, and other types of

violence. The purposeful use of physical force to damage a kid is known as

physical abuse. Any act that forces or pressures a child to engage in sexual

acts is considered sexual abuse. Abuse of the emotions and the mind

emotional or psychological abuse may be imperceptible, yet it is incredibly

harmful. When an adult or caretaker fails to satisfy a child's fundamental

 10

physical and emotional requirements, this is known as neglect (Holland,

2019).

Prevalence of Child Preventive Measures

Abuse in Davao City

The Conceptual paradigm of the study

Figure 1

Figure 1 illustrates the conceptual paradigm of the study, which shows

the input and output. The input is the child abuse cases, which refers to the

prevalent child abuse case in Davao City; the output is the basis for

preventive measures, which has the following indicator: physical abuse,

sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect.

From the input, an arrow was directed to the output. This means that

the input: prevalence of child abuse in Davao City will be used to assess the

preventive measures given to the prevalent child abuse cases. These

preventive measures will not be easily handed out to the child abuse cases

since these preventative measures will have to consider first the indicators

that have been mentioned above.

Significance of the Study

The findings of the study will be beneficial to the following:

 11

City Government of Davao: The gathered data, information, and analysis of

this study would be a tribute for understanding the prevalence of child abuse

in Davao City and would be able to formulate a strategy for prevention as it

would act as the basis for creating preventive measures.

Non-government agencies: They would be able to use the findings from this

study to create or formulate programs, plans, and strategies to fulfill the

advocacy of protecting the children's welfare.

Philippine National Police: The PNP would create and prepare a coherent

strategy in handling child abuse cases.

Future Researchers: This study would help future researchers analyze the

prevalence of child abuse in Davao City. Also, they can formulate or improve

the data regarding its preventive measures. It will also serve as a reference to

support their field of study.

Definition of Terms

The following terms in this study are operationally defined:

Child abuse. Child abuse is the mistreatment of those under eighteen

years old who cannot adequately care for or protect themselves from abuse in

Davao City.

Prevalence. A measurement or fraction of child abuse incidents in a

population specifically in Davao City, over a while, to plan and prioritize

suitable preventive measures.

Preventive measure. This provides the steps and procedures to

prevent any crisis, particularly the child abuse cases in Davao City.
 12

CHAPTER 2

METHOD

This chapter discusses the methods used and procedures employed:

research design, research subjects, research instruments, data gathering procedure,

and statistical data treatment.

Research Design

The researchers used a descriptive method to accurately and methodically

characterize a population, condition, or phenomenon. An illustrative research plan

might use a variety of research approaches to examine one or more variables. The

researcher does not influence or modify the variables in experimental research;

instead, they are observed and measured (McCombes, 2019).

The researchers utilized a descriptive method to determine the Prevalence of

Child Abuse in Davao City: Basis for Preventive Measures. The illustrative method is

used in this study because it only has one variable.

Research Subject

Secondary data analysis enables academics to investigate research

questions using large-scale data sets that frequently include under-represented

communities while preserving time and resources (Donnellan&Lucas, 2013).

Data Gathering Procedure

In the data gathering, the researcher will observe the following:

1. Permission to conduct the study. Researchers asked permission from the dean

by making a letter of approval indicating the request to gather data inside Davao
 13

City. The said letter will bear the dean's signature and will be forwarded to the

agencies to request the statistics needed for the study.

2. Collection of the Data. It will be retrieved, counted, and tabulated after gathering

secondary data.

3. Analysis of the Data. The mathematical interpretation of the data would be sent

to the Statistician for tabulation and interpretation.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The following statistical tools will be used in the treatment of the data:

Mean. This will determine the prevalence of child abuse and preventive measures in

Davao.

Frequency. This will determine the number of times an event occurs in Davao city in

child abuse cases. A data collection will indicate the dispersion or variability of data.
 14

Chapter 3

PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS

This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of data on the

prevalence of child abuse cases in Davao City in textual and tabular form.

Number of child abuse incidents per month

Table 1 shows the average monthly number of child abuse incidents from

2015 to 2020. The total frequency count for the years 2015 to 2020 is shown for

January to December.

Percentag
e of
Month 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 decrease
Jan 174 151 157 117 34 24 86
Feb 185 178 145 122 40 42 77

Mar 210 190 142 106 33 27 87

Apr 218 185 149 104 36 4 98

May 238 204 130 26 24 12 95
Jun 192 170 109 25 25 23 88
Jul 167 153 113 15 33 34 80
Aug 148 138 119 22 20 22 85
Sept 159 157 123 38 18 30 81
Oct 118 114 115 45 24 26 78
Nov 137 132 81 56 44 32 77
Dec 108 117 85 30 16 20 81

Table 1: Number of Child abuse cases per month

In this column, the number of incidences of child abuse in Davao City

decreased by 86 percent from 2015 to 2020, from 2,054 in 2015 to 29 6 in 2020.

There are efforts of the barangays to construct various programs aimed at

protecting children from abuses, according to Davao City Social Services and

Development Office (CSSDO) chief Maria Luisa Bermudo. By that, it resulted in a

significant decrease in the number of child abuse complaints in 2019. This decrease
 15

in complaints might be ascribed to our increased kid safety effort, which includes the

cooperation of the barangay.

Number of child abuse incidents per year

Table 2 illustrates the annual number of child abuse incidences. The overall

frequency count for the years 2015 to 2020 is displayed for each year.

Cases
2500

2000

1500

1000

500
Table 2.
Number of Child
0
abuse 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

incidents per year

The number of cases per year is depicted in this graph. In 2015, there were

2,054 cases; in 2016, there were 1,889 cases; in 2017, there were 1,468 cases; in

2018, there were 706 cases; in 2019, there were 347 cases; and in 2020, there were

296 cases. As a result, it was discovered that there had been a significant change in

the number of cases per year, with cases in 2020 decreasing in comparison to 2015.

The City Government of Davao, signed by the City Mayor, contributed to the

drop in child abuse complaints from 2015, the Ordinance No. 000084-71, or the

Curfew Ordinance of the City of Davao.

Nature of child abuse cases

Table 3 shows the nature of the child abuse cases and the top 5 high and low
 16

cases in the year 2015-2020. The top 5 high cases are colored green, and the low

cases are colored red.

Cases 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Total

Physical Injuries 1112 1029 869 308 122 3,132

Other Act of Abuse 531 500 222 1,253
Rape 166 147 143 88 83 59 686
Act of 144 134 120 97 39 40 574
Lasciviousness
Other Act of Abuse 72 13 39 124
(Psychological)
Physical Injuries/ 67 67
Intentional
Multilation
Simple Seduction 20 17 15 10 1 2 65
Statutory Rape 17 22 22 61
Unjust Vexation 6 4 23 20 53
Rape (Sexual 17 5 11 33
Abuse)
Anti-Sexual 12 9 9 2 32
Harassment
Statutory Rape 26 26
Child Trafficking 4 11 7 2 24
Murder 4 3 1 8
Frustrated Murder 6 1 7
Inducing a Minor 4 2 6
Kidnapping and 1 1 2 1 5
failure to return the
minor
Abandoning a Minor 3 1 4
Frustrated Murder 1 1 1 3
Inducing a Minor to 2 1 3
Abandon Home
Abandoning a Minor 1 1
Parricide 1 1
Treat 1 1
Robbery 1 1
Child Prostitution 1 1
Qualified Seduction 1 1
Accessories to 1 1
commit a crime of
Rape
Robber Extorsion 1 1
Serious Illegal 1 1
Detention in related
to R.A. 7610
R.A. 9262 1 1
 17

The table shown above shows the top 5 highest, low, and other types of child

abuse cases in Davao city. It was found that the most prevalent case of child abuse

is Physical injury having a total case number of 3,132 in the year 2015-2020.

Followed by the topmost type of child abuse is another act of abuse with 1,253

cases, Rape with 686 cases, act of lasciviousness with 574 cases, and incestuous

Rape with 196 cases. The lowest case of child abuse and other types of child abuse

are also shown.

Davao City Police Office (DCPO) Oplan Kalinaw has been successful. The

police have developed a joint area security community service and protection

operation plan to ensure that residents are safe and inform them of ways to prevent

child abuse.

Prevention Strategies of Child Abuse Incidents: A Proposal

Rationale

Child abuse is one of the most common crimes in Davao City. It can be

physical, sexual, emotional, or merely a failure to satisfy a child's basic needs. These

conditions may have long-term effects on a child's mental health. The Davao City

Police Office (DCPO) reported numerous child abuse cases in the years 2015–2020.

Under data provided by the researchers from Davao City Women and Children

Protection Desk Office (WCPD), Davao City's top five forms of Child abuse are

physical injury, other acts of abuse, Rape, an act of lasciviousness, and Incestuous

Rape. The city continues to fight for and uphold its vision for children, which is that

they will be God-centered, healthy, empowered, free from abuse and neglect, with

full access to services, and living in a peaceful and gender-just, caring society, with

government agencies and other corporate sectors cooperating to establish their

 18

advocacy to reduce and eliminate child abuse incidents.

The establishment of a new strategy with the Women and Children Protection

Desk (WCPD) partnership wherein "Child protection monthly visit" aims to bolster the

city's child protection system and empower children to seek protection from abusers.

According to Mayor Duterte, they want to see that all children can determine when a

situation is wrong and know where to complain. A monthly visit and interview on

every child's home will complement the city's existing child protection activities,

overseen by the Integrated Gender Development Division (IGDD), the City Social

Welfare and Development Office (CSWDO), and other government agencies and

partners. This door-to-door home visit, which will be implemented in the municipality,

will provide awareness to the child and their parents and guardian that will be the

most responsible for their welfare. They hope that by launching this program, they

spread awareness to those children not to be afraid to speak up and that they did

nothing wrong.

A great effort must be made to completely eradicate any forms of child abuse

cases in Davao city. Since according to Police Major Jacqueline Antero, "Davao City

has the highest reported cases because it is an urban area and has a higher

population" therefore, systematic and constructive enforcement of child abuse

programs guided by the law is necessary. The city government of Davao and the

corporate sector is providing all the efforts to lessen, stop, and provide awareness

for the youth. Hence, children are naturally innocent and may also not be aware of

the fact that they were abused and victims that were afraid to speak up, which is also

one of the concerns at the moment.

As a result, it is critical to develop advocacy and prevention tactics to increase

public and children's awareness of child abuse. The Philippine National Police (PNP)
 19

can fill up the gaps by proactively surveying children once or twice a month in their

assigned district or a door-to-door interview. Through these, children will be able to

trust and talk more confidently because they will have a man or woman in uniform to

assist them in fighting and comprehending their circumstances. Furthermore, it

would also act as a basis to prevent other crimes in a specific area.

Objectives:
The following objectives have been established to address child abuse

cases and develop prevention efforts effectively.

1. To determine the top five child abuse incident in Davao City from 2015

to the present;

2. To develop a strategy for preventing future child abuse incidents;

3. To define the objectives of child abuse incidents as the basis in

determining the success of their implementation, and lastly,

4. To identify the relevant individuals or entities who will be assigned

tasks to carry out the aforementioned objectives.


Table 4. Prevention Strategy for Child Abuse Incidents: A Proposal
Top Five Child Abuse
Incidents
1. Physical Injuries
2. Other Acts of Abuse
3. Rape
20
Prevention, Strategies, and Objectives Person Reliable
Programs
 Social Media  Social media advertising  City Social Welfare and
Advertisement has boosted and raised Development Office
public awareness through
information, persuasion,
and reminder.
 Children's Show focuses  Davao City Women and
on spreading awareness  Children need to Children Protection Desk
that "too much violence is understand the difference
no longer discipline." between abuse and
discipline.
 Community awareness  Conduct a program for  Philippine National Police
campaign the youth to be more
open if they will
encounter any forms of  Davao City Women and
 Educational awareness abuse. Children Protection Desk
 Teach self-defense and
other technique that can
be useful in the situation.
 Educational awareness  To help victims not to be  City Social Welfare and
and rehabilitation ashamed and speak up to Development Office
program defend themselves.
 Davao City Women and
Children Protection Desk
 Department of Social
Welfare and

4. Act of Lasciviousness  Educational awareness  To educate the public
about the consequences
and the effects if
committed.
 Provide self-defense
instruction and
paraphernalia (pepper
spray and specialized
whistle)
5. Incestuous Rape  Monthly home visit to  To help and gain the trust
interview children and of the victim. In addition,
parents. to eradicate the possibility
of committing a specific
 Conduct a seminar once crime.
or twice a month, and
children are required to
attend
21
Development
 City Social Welfare and
Development Office
 Philippine National Police
(PNP)
 Department of Education
 City Social Welfare and
Development Office
 Philippine National Police
 Department of Social
Welfare and
Development Office
 22

Chapter 4

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter presents the summary and conclusion derived from the

conduct of the study about the prevalence of child abuse in Davao City. It

provides a recommendation that can be pursued by the police and other law

enforcement agencies.

Summary of findings

The descriptive approach and the mean, frequency, and statistics were

used to analyze and interpret the Davao City Women and Children Protection

Desk (WCPD) data. The findings were as follows:

1. The number of child abuse incidents per month is declining. Compared

to the monthly child abuse case in January-December 2015, it was

shown that from 174 cases, it went down to 108 cases.

2. The number of child abuse cases per year decreases. In 2015 the

recorded cases were 2,054 compared to 2020; the cases went down to

296, which gives an 86% difference in the number of cases in 2015

and 2020.

3. Regarding the nature of child abuse, there are the top 5 highest cases

of child abuse in Davao city, namely, physical injury, other Acts of

Abuse, Rape, Acts of Lasciviousness, and Incestuous Rape.

4. The proposed preventive measure is a home visit to a child in their

assigned district once or twice a month and conducting a door-to-door

interview by the Philippine National Police (PNP).

 23

Conclusion

The conclusions were formulated based on the initial findings:

1. The significant decrease in the number of child abuse cases resulted

from the work of advocacy and programs of the city government of Davao,

such as the "Oplan Kalinaw Program," social media awareness, and

symposium in every barangay that the DCPO and WCPD lead.

2. The number of child abuse cases in Davao City dropped in 2015 from

last year due to the implementation of Ordinance No. 000084-71. This

ordinance was enacted to safeguard the public interest, claiming that it was

not meant as a form of retaliation against juveniles or children but rather as a

social activity to promote welfare. This is to ensure that children are safe at

home.

3. The nature of Child abuse cases is as follows: physical abuse and

other types of abuse were discovered to be occurring due to parental

discipline. Moreover, Rape, acts of lasciviousness, and Incestuous Rape are

perpetrated by a family member, a father (stepfather), or a relative living on

the same roof.

4. The suggested preventative measure would increase awareness

among children and their parents and guardians, who will be accountable for

their well-being. By implementing this program, children would be more aware

of the need to speak up without any fear.

Recommendations
 24

Based on the findings and conclusions, the following recommendations

are given.

1. The number of child abuse cases has decreased significantly, but

there is still a tiny percentage still experiencing child abuse. The advocacies

and programs conducted by the city only need polishing and improvements to

solve this matter. A door-to-door intervention is suggested, which requires

parents, guardians, and children to cooperate in a one-on-one interview. This

method allows both participative and non-participative community members to

actively use the program as a means of interaction in the comfort of their

homes.

2. The researchers recommend that PNP officers who are in charge of

implementing the curfew ordinance should tap all the barangay sectors to

assign and conduct an active and consistent roving of "tanods" in the area to

effectively execute the ordinance that is with the help of those hands that has

the near-reach and easy-access to community members. And as per the

people, the community should help law enforcement by following the rules;

parents and guardians, in particular, are the primary source in provision for

their children's welfare and safety.

3. Parents and guardians should attend online symposiums conducted

by the government or non-government organizations to educate and help

them realize that too much violence is no longer discipline. Furthermore, a

large family living on the same roof requires thorough attention to catch

wrongful intention, especially if it involves malice towards children.

4. Researchers may undertake a new study in the future, concentrating

on what intervention program the PNP and other government-related entities

 25

tasked with countering child abuse should recommend.

 26

REFERENCES

Abrass, L. (2017). Evaluating child maltreatment prevention programs & services:

A qualitative study. Retrieved from:https://sophia.stkate.edu/mswpapers
/699/.

Bermudo, M. L. (2019, November 5). Davao City lauds huge drop in child abuse
complaints. Retrieved from https://mindanao.politics.com.ph/davao-city-
lauds-huge- drop-of-child-abuse-complaints/

Blumenthal, A. (2015). Child Neglect II: Prevention and Intervention. Canadian

Child
Welfare Research Portal. Retrieved from https://cwrp.ca/sites /default/files
%20Neglect%20II%20Prevention%20And%20Intervention.pdf.

Brazier, Y. (2018). Recognizing Child Abuse. Medical News Today. Retrieved from
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/241532.
Capistrano, Z. M. (2017, March 4). Davao City lauds huge drop in child abuse
complaints. Retrieved from http://davaotoday.com/main/human-rights/igdd-
to-probe-drop-of-vawc-cases-in-davao/
Compio, J. P. (2019, February 11). Lokal Kasikas: Oplan Kalinaw Sa Sumimao.
SUNSTAR. Retrieved February 7, 2022, from
https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1787197/SuperbalitaDavao/Kalingawan/
Lo kal-Kasikas-Oplan-Kalinaw-sa-
SumimaoDonnellan, M. B., & Lucas, R. E. (2013, March 21).
Secondary data analysis. Oxford Handbooks Online. Retrieved from
https://www.oxfordhandbooks
.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199934898.001.0001/oxfordhb-97801999
34898-e-028.
Er ozkan, A. (2016). The link between types of attachment and childhood trauma.
Universal Journal of Educational Research, Retrieved from 4(5),10711079.
https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer .2016.040517
Engh Kraft, L. R. (2017, March 31). School nurses avoid addressing child sexual
abuse.Journal of School Nursing. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/ ?q
=sexual+abuse&ff1=dtySince_2012&id=EJ1137166.
Fermill, L. G. (2018, February 27). Curfew ordinance of the City of Davao
(ordinance no. 000084-71) policy research paper. Academia.edu.
Retrieved February 7, 2022, from
https://www.academia.edu/36030843/Curfew_Ordinance_of_the_City_of_D
avao_Ordinance_No_000084_71_Policy_Research_Paper

Hunter, C. (2014, January 1). Effects of child abuse and neglect for children and
adolescents prepared BY CATHRYN HUNTER. catalog' Details for: Effects
of child abuse and neglect for children and adolescents. Retrieved from
https://library.nzfvc.org.nz/cgi-bin/koha/opacdetail.pl?biblionumber=4348.

Holland, K. (2019, July 19). Understanding types of child abuse and what you can
do to stop it. Healthline.Retrieved from https://www.healthline.com
/health/mental-health/types-of-child-abuse.
Kemoli, A. M., & Mavindu, M. (2014, April). Child abuse: A classic case report with
literature review. Contemporary clinical dentistry. Retrieved from
 27

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /pmc/articles/PMC4067796/.

Gabriel, K. (2018, March 26). 488 child abuses cases recorded thru Kean in 2017.
Retrieved from
https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/sunstar-davao/20180326/281616
715913350
Kumari, V. (2020, November). Emotional abuse and neglect: Time to focus on
prevention and mental health conseAnnerbäck, EM., Svedin, C.G. &
Dahlström, Ö. Child physical abuse: factors influencing the associations
between self-reported exposure and self-reported health problems: a
cross-sectional study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 12, 38 (2018).
Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-018-0244-1quences. The
British journal of psychiatry: the journal of mental science.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7589986/.

Lindsay, W. S. (2012, February 29). Brief report: The sexual and physical abuse
histories of offenders with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual
Disability Research. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?q=sexual+abuse
+rate&id=EJ956049.

Mason-Jones, A. (2021, January 18). Murder of English SCHOOLGIRL Lucy

mchugh linked to widespread neglect. The Conversation. Retrieved from
https://theconversation .com/murder-of english-schoolgirl-lucy-mchugh-
linked-to- wide spread-neglect-149672.
McCombes, S. (2015). General format // Purdue Writing lab. Purdue Writing Lab.
Retrieved from https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/ research_and_citation/apa_
style/apa_formatting_and_stguide/general_format.html.
Moradi Sheykhjan, T. (2015, July 16). International perspectives for research on
child abuse andm neglect. Online Submission. Retrived from
https://eric.ed.gov/?q=child
%2Babuse&ff1=dtySince_2012&pg=2&id=ED586148.
Osmanoglu, D. E. (2018, November 30). Child abuse and children's strategies to
cope with abuse. World Journal of Education. Retrieved from
https://eric.ed.gov/?q=what%2Bis%2Bchild
%2Babuse&ff1=dtySince_2012&id=EJ12 3569
Ramiro, L. s, Madrid, B., & Brown, D. w. (n.d.). Adverse childhood
experiences (ACE) and health-risk ... Retrieved February 7, 2022, from
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/David-Brown-48/publication/47299191
_Adverse_childhood_experiences_ACE_and_healthrisk_behaviors_among
_adults_in_a_developing_country_setting/links/
5c83dbef92851c695066536e/Adverse-childhood-experiences-ACE-and-
health-risk-behaviors-among-adults-in-a-developing-country-setting.pdf

Salveron, R. J. (2017, October 6). 340 cases of child abuse recorded in Davao
City.
Retrieved from http://davaotoday.com/main/human-rights/340-cases-of-
child-abuse-recorded-in-davao-city/
Schober, D. J. F. (2011, November 30). The enough Abuse Campaign: Building
the movement to prevent child sexual abuse in Massachusetts. Journal of
Child Sexual Abuse. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?q= Preventive%2B
 28

measures%2Bto%2Bprevent%2Bchild%2Bseual
%2Babuse&ff1=dtySince_2012&id=EJ973325.

Southall, D., & Mahttps://www.who.int/news-room/fact-

sheets/detail/childmaltreatment Mc Donald, R. (2013). Protecting children
from abuse: neglected but crucial priority for the international child health
agenda. Paediatrics and International Child Health, 33(4), 199–206.
Retrieved from https://doi.org/ 10.1179/2046905513y.0000000097
Stoltenborgh, M., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van IJzendoorn, , M. H., & Alink,
L. R. A. (2012). The universality of childhood Emotional abuse: A meta-
analysis of Worldwide Prevalence. Taylor & Francis.Retrived from
https://www. tandfonline. com/doi/ abs/10. 1080/10926771.2012.708014.
Thulin, J. K. (2019, November 30). Children's disclosure of physical abuse -- the
process of disclosing and the responses from social welfare workers. Child
Care in Practice. Retrieved from https: //eric.ed. gov/?q=what%2Bis%2
Bphysical% 2Babuse &id= EJ1 257311.

Tingberg, B., & Nilsson, D. (2020, September 29). Child neglect - still a neglected
problem in the global world: A review. Journal of Advanced Pediatrics and
Child Health. Retrived from https://www.heighpubs.org/japch/japchaid
1016.php.

Vlahovicova, K., Melendez-Torres, G. J., Leijten, P., Knerr, W., & Gardner, F.
(2017). Parenting programs for the prevention of child physical abuse
recurrence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical child and
family psychology review. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.
gov/pmc/articles/PMC5527061/.
WHO (2020). Child Maltreatment. Retrieved from https://www. who.int/news
room/fact sheets/detail/child-maltreatment
Yap, D. (2016). Redirect notice. Google. Retrieved from
https://www.google.com/amp/s/newsinfo.Inquirer.net/798772/child-abuse-
on-risedswd-report-shows/am
 29

APPENDIX A

PLAGIARISM CHECK RESULT

30
31
 22
32
 33

APPENDIX B

TITLE PROPOSAL
34
35
36
 37

APPENDIX C

TITLE APPROVAL FORM

 38

RESEARCH TITLE EVALUATION SHEET

Title: Prevalence of Child Abuse in Davao City: Basis for Preventive Measure

Proponents: Christian Jacob E. Cadavido

Norlan Joy Y. Calcena

June L. Oviedo

For a research title to be approved for endorsement, it has to satisfy the following criteria:

Criteria YES NO
1. The research problem conforms to the agenda of the University Research Program.
2. The research problem is within the specialization/competence of the researcher.
3. The research problem is significant, important, and relevant to the present time and situation.
4. The objectives of the research project are specific and achievable.
5. Proposed design and procedures are logical.
6. Data needed are attainable and verifiable.
7. The research problem is manageable and can be finished within the prescribed time.
8. Expected output is practical and can be utilized by its stakeholders.
9.The research is ethical and does not undermine/violate any moral, legal, and spiritual
values/standards of people.
10. The research presents an important contribution to the generation of knowledge; to the
realization of institutional/national development goals all for the improvement of the quality of
human life.

Comments:

IRISH P. BANDOLOS, MSCJ

Signature Above Printed Name of Panel Member

Date
 39

RESEARCH TITLE EVALUATION SHEET

Title: Prevalence of Child Abuse in Davao City : Basis for Preventive Measure

Proponents: Christian Jacob E. Cadavido

Norlan Joy Y. Calcena

June L. Oviedo

For a research title to be approved for endorsement, it has to satisfy the following criteria:

Criteria YES NO
1. The research problem conforms to the agenda of the University Research Program.
2. The research problem is within the specialization/competence of the researcher.
3. The research problem is significant, important, and relevant to the present time and situation.
4. The objectives of the research project are specific and achievable.
5. Proposed design and procedures are logical.
6. Data needed are attainable and verifiable.
7. The research problem is manageable and can be finished within the prescribed time.
8. Expected output is practical and can be utilized by its stakeholders.
9.The research is ethical and does not undermine/violate any moral, legal, and spiritual
values/standards of people.
10. The research presents an important contribution to the generation of knowledge; to the
realization of institutional/national development goals all for the improvement of the quality of
human life.

Comments:

JENNY M. PAYO, MSCJ

Signature Above Printed Name of Panel Member

Date
 40

APPENDIX D
UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCH AGREEMENT
41
42
 43

Christian Jacob E.
Cadavido
44
 45

Norlan Joy Y.
46
 47

June L. Oviedo
 48

APPENDIX E

ASSIGNMENT OF RESEARCH PERSONNEL

 49

ASSIGNMENT OF RESEARCH PERSONNEL

Course Code:

Program: Bachelor of Science in Criminology

This is to acknowledge acceptance of assignment as Research Personnel for the thesis entitled:
PREVALENCE OF CHILD ABUSE IN DAVAO CITY: BASIS FOR PREVENTIVE MEASURE

Name Signature Date

2/9/2022
Adviser JONALYN NALZARO

Statistician/Data ROSYL MATIN-AO, MAT 2/8/2022

Analyst
Editor JONALYN NALZARO

Panel Members IRISH P. BANDOLOS, MSCJ

JENNY M. PAYO, MSCJ

Endorsed by:

IRISH P. BANDOLOS, MSCJ

Research Coordinator

Approved by:

CARMELITA B. CHAVEZ, PHD

Dean, College of Criminal Justice Education
 50

APPENDIX F

LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE OF THE ADVISER

 51

June 21, 2021

Jonalyn Nalzaro, MSCJ

Faculty, College of Criminal Justice Education
University of Mindanao
Matina, Davao City

Dear Ma'am,

The undersigned criminology students at University of Mindanao would like to ask for
an approval for our study entitled “PREVALENCE OF CHILD ABUSE IN DAVAO
CITY: BASIS FOR PREVENTIVE MEASURES”. The purpose of the study is to find
out the correlation between child abuse and preventive measures in Davao city.

We respectfully ask if can you serve as our research adviser in this regard. We think
that excellent teachers, such as yourself, develop excellent students.

Your approval to this request is highly appreciated. Thank you very much.

Respectfully Yours,

Christian jacob e. Cadavido

Norlan joy y. Calceña

June l. Oviedo

Approved by:

JONALYN NALZARO, MSCJ

Adviser
 52

APPENDIX G

ENDORSEMENT FOR OUTLINE DEFENSE

 53

College of Criminal Justice Education

2nd Floor, GET Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082)300-5456

ENDORSEMENT FOR OUTLINE DEFENSE

This is to certify that the manuscript of Cadavido, Christian Jacob E.,

Calceña, Norlan Joy Y., and Oviedo, June L., BS Criminology students,
entitled “PREVALENCE OF CHILD ABUSE IN DAVAO CITY: BASIS FOR
PREVENTIVE MEASURE” is compliant with the research format and
guidelines of the Research and Publication Center; hence, it is favorably
endorsed for OUTLINE defense.

Name of Faculty Signature

Adviser: JONALYN NALZARO

Noted by:

IRISH P. BANDOLOS, MSCJ

Research Coordinator

Approved by:

CARMELITA B. CHAVEZ, PHD

Dean, College of Criminal Justice Educatio
 54

APPENDIX H

ENDORSEMENT FOR FINAL DEFENSE

 55

College of Criminal Justice Education

2nd Floor, GET Building
Matina Campus, Davao City
Telefax: (082)300-5456

ENDORSEMENT FOR FINAL DEFENSE

This is to endorse the thesis manuscript entitled “PREVALENCE OF

CHILD ABUSE IN DAVAO CITY: BASIS FOR PREVENTIVE MEASURE”
had been prepared and submitted by Cadavido, Christian Jacob E.,
Calceña, Norlan Joy Y., and Oviedo, June L., for Final Defense. The
paper has been evaluated by the research personnel listed below and was
found to be complaint to the quality standards as provided in the UM
Research Manual.

Name of Faculty Signature

Adviser: JONALYN NALZARO

Statistician: ROSYL MATIN-AO, MAT

Noted by:

IRISH P. BANDOLOS, MSCJ

Research Coordinator

Approved by:

CARMELITA B. CHAVEZ, PHD

Dean, College of Criminal Justice Education
 56

APPENDIX I

CONCULTATION FORM / ROUTING SLIP

57
58
 59

APPENDIX J

PERMISSION TO CONDUCT THE STUDY

60
 61

APPENDIX K

CERTIFICATE OF APPEARANCE
62
 63

APPENDIX L

ORIGINAL COPY OF DATA

64
65
66
67
 68

APPENDIX M

LETTER AND CERTIFICATION -STATISTICIAN

69
70
 71

CURRICULUM VITAE
 72

CHRISTIAN JACOB E. CADAVIDO

Purok-5, Barangay 37-D, Davao City
Contact Number: 09614488969
Email Address: c.cadavido.477097@umindanao.edu.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Age: 22 years old

Birthday: November 5, 1999
Place of birth: Davao City
Civil status: single
Gender: male
Height: 5'7
Weight: 60kls
Religion: Roman Catholic

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

College: University of Mindanao

Course: B.S. Criminology
Address: Matina, Davao City
Year: Present
Tertiary: University of Mindanao
Address: Bolton St., Davao City
Year graduate: 2017-2018
Secondary: Sta Ana National High
School Address: Uyanguren, Davao City
Year graduate: 2015-2016
Primary: Magallanes Elementary
School Address: Magallanes st., Davao City
Year graduate: 2011-2012
 73

NORLAN JOY Y. CALCEÑA

Barangay 74-A, Purok 1, UM road New Matina, Gravahan Davao City
Contact Number: 09559613734
Email Address: Norlan52400@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Age: 21 years old

Birthday: May 24, 2000
Place of birth: Davao City
Civil status: single
Gender: female
Height: 5'1
Weight: 47kls
Religion: Roman Catholic

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

College: University of Mindanao

Course: B.S. Criminology
Address: Matina, Davao City
Year: Present
Tertiary: University of Mindanao
Address: Bolton St., Davao City
Year graduate: 2017-2018
Secondary: Daniel R. Aguinaldo National High School
Address: Matina Aplaya, Davao City
Year graduate: 2015-2016
Primary: Magallanes Elementary School
Address: Pichon St. Magallanes, Davao City
Year graduate: 2011-2012
 74

JUNE L. OVIEDO
Golden Hills Subdivision, Panacan, Davao City
Contact number: 09489643675
Email address: j.oviedo.481334@umindanao.edu.ph

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Age: 22 years old
Birthday: June 24, 1999
Place of birth: Davao City
Civil status: single
Gender: female
Height: 5'3
Weight: 48kls
Religion: Roman Catholic

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

College: University of Mindanao

Course: B.S. Criminology
Address: Matina, Davao City
Year: Present
Tertiary: Daniel R. Aguinaldo National High School
Address: Matina Crossing, Davao City
Year graduate: 2017-2018
Secondary: Kasarinlan National High School
Address: Caloocan, Manila
Year graduate: 2015-2016
Primary: J. Cruz Sr. Elementary School
Address: Panacan Relocation, Davao City
Year graduate: 2011-2012